暑假作业11阅读理解（原卷版）

完成时间：一月一日

作业11阅读理解

细节理解类

细节理解题干扰选项特征

张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容。

巾■:?文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。

在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。部分正确，部分错误。

推理判断类

掌握推理判断题的考查角度

(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象。

推理判断题正确选项特征

1.”立足原文，只推一步“，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。

2.选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。iojonly,never,all,absolutely正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会

用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。

推理判断题干扰选项特征

1.曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，

命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。

2.张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的

却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。

3.偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，

造成句意的改变。

4.无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支

撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题亳不相干。

5.他目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义

代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。

6.扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost,

all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或

去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。

词义猜测类

掌握词句猜测题的考查角度

（I）猜测生词或熟词生义；（2）猜测短语的意义；（3）猜测替代词所替代的内容（如it,one,they,this,that,these,

those等）；（4）猜测句意。

明确方法技巧

（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测（2）根据同位关系进行猜测（3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、派生、合

成等）进行猜测（4）根据因果关系进行猜测（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测（6）根据同义或近义关系

进行猜测（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测（8）意义吻合定句意

主旨大意类题型

掌握主旨大意题的考查角度

主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能

是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。

明确方法技巧

I.阅读文章的标题或副标题

2.寻找文章的主题句

主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句

子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。

W9巩固提升练

POETRYCHALLENGE

Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.

Prizes

3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthe

winner'schoice.Tripincludesroundtripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirand

SpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.

6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzabo

andpilotLindaFinch.

50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceivea

TshirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.

Rules

Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100worcsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyfbnnat,anynumberoflines.

■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.

■Onthesamesheetofpaper,v/riteortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.

■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.

I.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.

2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?

A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.

C.AspecialTshirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?

A.Typingyourpoemout.B.Writingapoemof120words.

C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.

Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独)，morefamiliesarc

choosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraight(ohismotherinlaw,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

FouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathreestoreyVictorianhouseinBristol------oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesin(heUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,MsaysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingfbrNicktolivewithhismotherinlaw.”

AndwhatdocsNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIremendit?Yes,I

thinkIwould.v

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeen

risingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogether

hadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremoremon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;many

moreadultchildrenarereturningtoIhefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of2534yearoldslive

withtheirparents,paredwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainis

(houghltobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethatarcmoremoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.In

India,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheyget

married.

4.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

5.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismotherinlaw?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

6.Whatistheauthor,sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjoumeytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprinton

theplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticular

climatechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.FoHunately,

nov/adaysitismucheasiertomakeecofriendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhas

beenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuynewecofriendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?

Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letme

trytoexplain.

Acarbonfootprintismadenpofrwopart*,rheprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprintTheprimary

fooiprintisameasureofourdirectemissions（fl^）ofcarbondioxide（CO2）fromtheburningoffuels,including

householdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2

emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedto（heirproductionandbreakdown.

Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.

Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfbotprinf,group,solessismoreandwecanfbcus

onfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,for:hecarandtheotherappliances（设备）thatwe

needwecangowithnew,energysavingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%of

theircarbonfootprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergysavingmodels.

Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthat

extracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B.Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.

C.HowtoidentifydifferentcarbonIbotprints.D.Howtomakeecofriendlylifestylechoices.

9.Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?

A.Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B.Itismadewhenwearebuyingtheproducts.

C.Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D.Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.

10.Whichofthefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Usingsecondhandtextbooks.B.Usingoldandexpensivecars.

C.Buyingnewbutcheapclothes.D.Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.

11."Thefootprint"underlinedinthelastsentencereferstotheCO2producedin.

A.usingtheproductB.recyclingtheproduct

C.makingtheproductD.transportingtheproduct

四

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobably

didn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（时装）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackrhemarketfor

furmadefromnutria（海狸鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferent

styles.4itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguiltfreefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlands

everyyear,“saysCrccMcCrcc,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcerned(hattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someof(hefurendsup

inthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

Nutriawerebrought(herefromArgentinabyfiirfannersandletgointothewild."Theecosystemdownthere

can'thandlethisnonnativespecies(物种).It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,"saysMichaelMassimi,

anexpertin(hisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfbrdecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacoHapsedinthelate1980s,the

catsizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramfbrLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvince

peoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,0(X)nutriatailsayear,

sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguiltfree

optionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,at

leasthereinNewYork.^^DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletoearoundtotheopinionthatusing

nutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtoeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionsto

showitisecofriendly.

12.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguiltfreefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tbintroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

13.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaarcanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcatsizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

14.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.

C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.

15.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.

C.It'sharmful.D.Ifstraditional.

五

Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupof

morethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.

In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,00CsquaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplore

thisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwoyearjourneytoreportonwhatthey

found.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.

BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(绑架)byanenemytribewhenshe

wasabout12,(hensoldtoaFrenchCanadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguidefbrLewisandClark's

expeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNativcAmcricanpeopleontheir8,OOOmilc

journey.

Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodand

medicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossing

intowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuchneededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorses

(ocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshone(ribe—ledbyherlonglosibrother-togivethemsome.Shewasso

esteemedbyLewisandClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasasked

tocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafori(营地).

SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.As

theypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedthe

expeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.

ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawca'sbraveryandskilllive

onintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16yearoldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemost

fairousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.

16.WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?

A.Todotrade.B.Tofighttheenemy.

C.Tobesafer.D.Tohelpmunicale.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?

A.Respected.B.Suspected.

C.Influenced.D.Promoted.

18.WhatdoyouthinkofSacagawca'sroleintheexpedition?

A.Active.B.Irreplaceable.

C.Tricky.D.Unreliable.

19.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aspecialhonor.B.Agreatexpedition.

C.Anoutstandinggirl.D.Anunknowntcrritor)\

wa仿真考场练

Wc*vcallbeenthere,whenareallyessentialitemthatyouhad:oorderonlinearrivesinsuchanunbelievable

amountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeit'sanunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.

It'smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnesof

packagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two-thirdsofwhichcould

haveinsteadbeenrecycled.

Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinforaBIGshake-upirlinewiththe

“polluterpaysprinciple”.Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbeencouragedto

choosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchaspossible.Otherwise,they

willhavetopayhigherfees.

ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)-meaningthatthosewhohavecontrol

overpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthebeginningand

considerwhathappensat（heendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.

Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,panics

willhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittlecosts

too.

And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoput

clearmandatory（强制性的）labellingonpackaging.Forexample,thiscouldbe"RECYCLE”or“DONOT

RECYCLE^^.Ofcourse,vvehopethatthe"DONOTRECYCLE^^categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthat

by2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.

1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Two-thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.

B.Over-packagingisoften（hecaseinlife.

C.Thequalityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.

D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular.

2.Whowillberesponsibleforpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?

A.Designers.B.Producers.

C.Customcrs.D.Localauthorities.

3.WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?

A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclepackagingwaste.

B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.

C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.

D.Followthepackagingdesigntrendandtherightthings.

4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?

A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.

B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.

C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.

D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.

ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethe

wayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1（PSGL-1）,

whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit（抑制）theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearch

publishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.

However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL-IcanbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu—anaccessory（附属）

pro:einofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL_1toresistHIV.Furtherresearchisunderwayto

developadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL-1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcher

atTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorof（hestudy.

SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,but

theviruscanalsoevade（避开）them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultiple

ways—especiallybyblockingtheinfcctiousncssofvirusoffspring.Tansaid.

“Wcarcstartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule(分子)poundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestore

PSGL-l'santi-HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeoplewith

HIV/AIDS,“hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfbrtheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,

andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghua

UniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.

ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonabinationofdifferentdrugs,can

preventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.

Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgramme

onHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement.

I.WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL_1fromthepassage?

A.BoththeproteinPSGL-IandtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.

B.PSGL-1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.

C.PSGL-l'smoleculepoundshavebeenidentified.

D.TheproteinPSGL-1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.

2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

A.ThcexistingtreatmentforAIDSarcfarfromperfect.

B.Ilwillbeadecadebefore(heantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.

C.Amcricanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.

D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.

3.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.

B.MorepeoplearcfacedwiththethreatofHIV.

C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.

D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Aguidebook.B.Afiction.

C.Amagazine.D.Abrochure.

ThevillageofMisfatAlAbriyeenhaschangeditsfortunesbytransformingmud-brickhomesir.tofinehotels.

Thevillageof800people,locatedonthecli然ofOman's"GrandCanyon"，openeditsnarrowstreetsyearsagoto

foreignersandlocalsseekingadventureinthedesertsandgreencornersoftheGulfarea.

VillagerYacoubAl-Abrisaiditallstartedin2010whenhisunclesuggestedtheytakeanotherlookatthemud

housesthathadlainignoredforyearsintheancientsettlementaboutthreehours'drivefromthecapitalMuscat.

Theownershadabandonedthecenturies-oldhomes,fearing(heycouldtopple,andmovedtotheoppositesideof

thevillagewheretheybuiltnewacmodation.

Thebrown-walledhomes,madeofmudbrickswithpalm-leaveroofs,wereturnedintosimplebutelegant

innswithwoodfurnitureandhandcraftsmadeusingskillshandeddownfromtheirancestors.tvWestartedwithonly

fiverooms,(henweincreased(henumberandboughtotheroldhouses.Todaywehave15roomsandthereare

planstocontinueexpandinguntilwereach50,“Al-Abrisaid.

Atanaltitudeofmorethan1,000meters,thetinyvillagewhichishometohistribeisacharmingcollectionof

traditionalhouseslocatedalongdozensofsmallalleys（小巷）overlookinglandsburstingwithbananaplantsand

citrusandpalmtrees.ItispartofaregionknownastheGrandCanyonofOmanwheretouristscanhiketherocky

mountainsandvalleys,andexplore（heoldwaysoflocalpeople.Theregionisalsofamedforitscenturies-old

storiesthatarestillwidelytoldinsimilarvillagesacrossthecountry.

Renoda,aDutchpsychologistlivinginMuscat,wasvisitingwiththreeofhertriends.4iIt'sperhapsthe10th

timethatIhavevisitedthishotelsincelastyear.Iehereforanightortwoeverymonthseekingcalm,relaxation

andshetoldAFP.

l.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“topple”inparagraph2mean?

A.Move.B.Fall.

C.Disappear.D.Shrink.

2.Whataretheroomsof（hevillagehotelslike?

A.Splendid.B.Outdated.

C.Ordinary.D.Tradilional.

3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theuniquelifestyleofthelocalpeople.

B.Thespecialsituationofthesmallvillage.

C.Thereasonsforthepopularityofthevillage.

D.Thcintroductionofthehistoryofthevillage.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutRenoda?

A.Shelivesastressfullifeinthecity.

B.Sheenjoysadventuroustraveling.

C.Visitingthevillagersispartofherwork.

D.Shewantstoliveinthishotelpermanently.

四

Thinkbacktowhenyouwereinamathsclassroom,andtheteachersetadifficultproblem.Whichofthetwo

followingresponsesisclosertothewayyoureacted?

A:Ohno,thisistoohardforme.I'mnotevengoingtoseriouslytryandworkitout.

B:Ah,thisisquitetricky,buiIliketopushmyself.EvenifIdon'tgettheanswerright,maybeI'lllearn

somethingintheattempt.

Earlyinhercareer,thepsychologistCarolDweckofStanfordUniversitygaveagroupoften-year-olds

problemsthatwereslightlytoohardforthem.Onegroupreactedpositivelyandlovedthechallenge.Shesaysthey

hada“growthmindset''andfocusedonwhattheycouldachieveinthefuture.Butanothergroupofchildrenielt

thattheirintelligencewasbeingjudgedandtheyhadfailed.Theyhada“fixedmindset“andwereunableto

imagineimproving.Someofthemlookedforsomeonewhohaddoneworsethanthemtoboosttheirself-esteem.

ProfessorDweckbelievesthatthereisaproblemineducationatthemoment.Foryears,childrenhavebeen

praisedfortheirintelligenceortalent,butthismakesthemvulnerable（脆弱的）tofailure.Theybee

performance-oriented,wantingtopleasebygettinghighgrades,buitheyarenotinterestedinlearningforitsown

sake.Thesolution,accordingtoDwcck,istoleadthemtobccmastery-oriented（i.c.interestedingettingbetterat

something）.Sheclaimsthattheever-lastingeffortover（imeis（hekeytooutstandingachievements.

Psychologistshavebeentestingthesetheories.UnderperformingschoolchildrenonaNativeAmerican

reservationwereexposedtogrowthmindsettechniquesforayear.Theresultswerenothinglessthanincredible.

Theycametopinregionaltests,beatingchildrenfrommuchmoreprivilegedbackgrounds.Thesechildrenhad

previouslyfellthatmakinganeffortwasasignofstupidity,buttheycametoseeitasthekeytolearning.

IWhatcanwelearnahontapersonifhisresponseis"R”?

A.Heisperformance-oriented.

B.Hctendstosetlimitstohislife.

C.Heenjoystheprocessandfocusesonthefuture.

D.Hcboostshisself-esteembyparingwithothers.

2.WhichofthefollowingsuggestionswillProfessorDweckgivetoparentsandteachers?

A.lbrewardchildrenfortheirhighgrades.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofintelligence.

C.Toignoretheresultbroughtbyfailure.

D.lbpraisechildrenfortheirengagementintheprocess.

3.Whatdoes“Thesechildren“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Childrenshowingnointerestinlearning.

B.Childrenwhousefixedmindsettechniques.

C.Childrenfrommuchmoreprivilegedbac