2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册期末检测卷（含答案）

期末检测卷满分：120分时间：100分钟I.单项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。()1.“Makesureyouprotectfromthesunduringthehike，”Momremindedthetwins.A.you B.your C.yourself D.yourselves()2.Treescanreducedust.，theycanprovidehomeforanimals，too.A.However B.Moreover C.Otherwise D.Anyway()3.Toreallygrow，wehavetobothourgoodandbadsides.A.clear B.accept C.lose D.trust()4.—DoIndianpeoplespeakEnglish?—Notexactly!TheyspeakHindi，buttheirsecondlanguageisEnglish.A.specially B.simply C.mainly D.hardly()5.Lily’smothertoldhertoomuchcandy.It’sbadforherteeth.A.nottoeat B.noteating C.don’teat D.don’ttoeat()6.Thelocalcommunitiessomevolunteergroupstoprotecttheenvironment.A.setup B.findout C.searchfor D.lookat()7.—Yourteamwonthebasketballgameyesterday!

—Yes!myteammates’hardwork.A.Thanksto B.Inorderto C.Lookforwardto D.Payattentionto()8.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfollowsthestructureof“S＋V＋O＋C”?A.Autumnleavesturnbrown. B.Sandy’smumboughtheranewhat.C.Ifoundhimveryinteresting. D.Tomdoessomereadingeveryday.()9.Whenitbegantorain，Maryforthebusatthebusstop.A.iswaiting B.waswaiting C.arewaiting D.werewaiting()10.—Weshouldorganizeaclassmeetingtosharedifferentlearningmethods.

—.Let’sstartworkingonitrightaway.A.That’sagreatpoint B.I’mafraidnotC.Itdoesn’tmatter D.TakecareII.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Hello，IamMaggieandIamabigredmapletree(枫树)inthecenterofCentralParkinNewYork.Everypartofmelooks11.Iloveseeingallthepeoplestop，stareatme，andsay，“Thattreeisbeautiful.”Those12makemefeelspecial.Onenoon，Iseea13headingmyway.Icanhearallthefrighteningsoundsnearing，butthemostfrighteningoneisthesoundofalmosthalfofmybark(树皮)beingtornoff(撕掉).Ifeel14.Whatwillpeoplethinkwhentheywalkuptoaworn-down(磨损的)treeinthe15ofCentralPark?Willtheyhatemeandcutmedown?Thesethoughtsmakemybranchesache.Thewindisblowinghardandtherainisfallingheavily.Iamcrying16IamnotsobeautifulasIusedtobe.Aboutfivehourslater，whenthestrongwindandtheheavyraindiedown，aniceopossumfamilycometomeandaskiftheycanspendthe17inoneofmyholes.ThebabyopossumissocutethatIcan’t18.Soon，roundtwoofthestormcomes.It19anotherpartofmybark，20itdoesn’tworrymesomuchasIhaveadistraction(分散注意力的事物)—theopossumfamily.Otheranimalsseemy21actandcometome，too.EventhoughIfeelgreatfor22

alltheanimals，Istillhaven’tcompletelyforgottenaboutwhatpeoplemightthinkaboutmy23.Insteadofcuttingmedown，people24meevenmoreforshelteringallthoseanimalsfromtheterribleweather.I25understandthat“beautiful”canrefertomorethanjustphysicalappearance.Itcandescribequalitiessuchaskindness，intelligence，orthewaysomethingmakesyoufeel.Beautyissubjective(主观的)andcanbefoundinmanydifferentthings，notjustinlooks.()11.A.straight B.perfect C.active D.colourful()12.A.noises B.trees C.answers D.words()13.A.wind B.rain C.storm D.fog()14.A.angry B.worried C.bored D.surprised()15.A.front B.corner C.middle D.back()16.A.while B.since C.until D.if()17.A.morning B.noon C.night D.holiday()18.A.reply B.record C.report D.refuse()19.A.picksout B.looksfor C.fallsinto D.tearsoff()20.A.but B.and C.so D.or()21.A.warm B.sudden C.cold D.strange()22.A.feeding B.fighting C.catching D.protecting()23.A.qualities B.looks C.duties D.abilities()24.A.love B.know C.water D.help()25.A.sometimes B.always C.finally D.hardlyIII.阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节：阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AName:SimonDate:Nov.14RaininaBottleQuestion:Howdoesthewatercyclework?Whatweneed:-Hotwater&ice-Abowl-AlargeclearglassbottleResultDrawing:Whattodo:1.Heatthewateruntilitreaches90-100℃.2.Fillabowlwithice.3.Carefullypour(倒)thehotwaterintothebottle，about5cmdeep.4.Waitforafewsecondsuntilsteam(蒸汽)appearsinthebottle.5.Putthebowlbottomontopofthebottlelikeacover.Whathappens:Thebottlebecomesfoggy，andsmallwaterdrops(水滴)appearinside.Later，thedropsgrowbiggerandfalllikerain.Howitworks:ThewatercycleshowshowwatermovesonEarth.Waterheatsup，becomessteam，andrisesintotheair.Whentheairiscold，thesteamcoolsdownandformsdropsthatmakeclouds.Whenthedropsaretooheavy，theyfallasrain.()26.WhatdoweneedforRaininaBottle?A.Alargeclearbottleandhotwater. B.Abowl，sandandstones.C.Paper，glueandapairofscissors. D.Asmallcupandcoldmilk.()27.WhichofthefollowingcanbeputintheResultDrawingpart?A. B. C. D.()28.Whatkindoftextisthis?A.Asciencestory. B.Alabreport.C.Aschoolnotice. D.Ashoppinglist.BIt’seasytothink“thatwillneverhappentome，”butnaturaldisastersarebecomingbothmorecommon(常见的)andserious.Millionsoffamiliesfacefloods，tornadoesandothernaturaldisasterseveryyear.InAustralia，forexample，itswildfiresfrom2019to2020werecausedbythehightemperatureandadrought(干旱).Theytookawaythelivesofhundredsofpeopleandbillionsofanimals.Whileyoucan’tstopdisastersfromhappening，youcanstaysafeduringoneifyouknowwhattodo.FloodFloodscanhappenverysuddenly.Floodwatercanbedeeperthanitlooks.Itcancarryyouaway，sostayaway!Glass，snakes，anddirtythingscanbeinfloodwater，sodon’tdrinkitevenifyouarethirsty.TornadoAtornadohappensduringsomestorms.Ifthere’satornadowarning，gosomeplace，suchasasmallandsturdy(结实的)bathroom，whichissafefromthewindandflyingthings.Remembertokeepawayfromwindowsoranythingheavythatmightfallonyou.EarthquakeYoushouldmoveawayfromthingsthatmightfall.Getdownundersomethingthat’sstrongifyoucan’trushoutofthebuildingrightaway.Protectyourneckandheadwithyourarm.Ifyou’reoutside，gotoanopenspace.Stayawayfromtreesoranythingthatmightfalloverandhurtyou.BushfireBushfires，alsoknownaswildfires，arecommonacrosstheworldduringthescorchingdays.Itisimportantthatyoutrytostaycalm.Somefirescanstartsoquicklythattheythreaten(威胁)homesandliveswithinminutes，soyoursafestchoiceisalwaystoleaveearly.()29.ThewritertalksaboutAustralianwildfirestoshow.A.wildfiresarefarawayfromus B.AustraliansarenowingreatdangerC.hightemperatureandadroughtcausewildfiresD.naturaldisastersarebecomingmoreandmoreserious()30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scorching”mean?A.Stormy. B.Rainy. C.Hot. D.Cold.()31.Whendisastershappen，whatcanwedotokeepsafe?A.Stayawayfromwindowswhenatornadocomes.B.Drinkfloodwaterifwearethirstywhenafloodhappens.C.Stopmovingandwaitforotherpeople’shelpinabushfire.D.Stayunderthetreesaftergettingoutofbuildingsinanearthquake.()32.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyNaturalDisastersHappen B.HowtoKeepSafeinNaturalDisastersC.WhatNaturalDisastersBringtoHumansD.HowtoNameDifferentNaturalDisastersCIfyoufindyourselffeelingalittlelesscheerfulthanyouwerewhendaysaregoingfromsummertoautumn，it’snotyourimagination；thereisascience-backedreasonthatyou’remorelikelytofeeldowninthecoolermonths.“It’sreal，”saidKathrynRoecklein，anassociateprofessorintheUniversityofPittsburgh.“Thechangesdon’talwaysaffect(影响)everyoneinthesameway，”sheadded.Butseasonalmood(情绪)changesoftenincludelessenergy，feelinglesssocial，losinginterestinfavouriteactivitiesandchangesinsleep—youmayhavetroublesleepingorwanttosleepmorethanusual.Therearealotofreasonswhyourmoodstendtochangewiththeseason，butabigfactoris.“Thehoursofaday，whichareshortestinwinterandlongestinsummer，arethemainreason，”saidRoecklein.Sunsetsareontheirwaytogettingearlierandearlierassoonasautumnbegins，soit’snotsurprisingifyoufeelthosemoodchangesaroundthesametime.Onekeypointtorememberaboutthe“winterblues”isthatit’sNOTsomethingwecannotovercome(克服).Hereareafewthingsyoucando.First，getyourselfbathedinthesun.Awalkoutsideinthesuninthemorningwillsurelymakeyoufeelbetter.Second，eatright.Trymorefruits，vegetablesanddrinkplentyofwater.Besides，maketimeforyourfriends.Itissaidthatagoodchatwithyourbestfriendsmakesyourday.()33.Thesecondparagraphtellsus.A.thatchangesinsleepmeanyouwanttosleepmoreB.whatactivitiesleadyoutoseasonalmoodchangesC.whatproblemsyoumayhavewithseasonalmoodchangesD.thatyourfavouriteactivitiesmakeyoulesssocial()34.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitablefortheblank(空白处)inParagraph3?A.Wind. B.Light. C.Time. D.Food.()35.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“winterblues”inParagraph4mean?A.Feelingdowninwinter. B.Lovingthickblueclothes.C.Paintinghousesblueinwinter. D.Listeningtobluesinwinter.()36.PeopleareadvisedtodothefollowingEXCEPT.A.drinkmorewater B.goouttohaveasunbathC.meettheirfriends D.readabookrecommendedbyafriendDAFarewellSong WangWeiNodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorningrain:Thewillowsbythehotellooksofreshandgreen.Iinviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain；Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen.(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)Friendsareimportantinourlives，butwesometimeshavetoleaveourfriends.“AFarewellSong”isaboutsayinggoodbyetoafriend.ItisafamouspoembyWangWei，agreatpoet，wholivedinTangDynasty.Heisgoodatwritingpoemsanddrawing.WhentalkingaboutWangWei，peopleoftensaytherearepicturesinhispoemsandtherearepoemsinhispictures.Hispoemsarefullofbeautyandimagination.“Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorningrain”and“Thewillows(柳树)bythehotellooksofreshandgreen”showapeacefulandquietpicturebeforeoureyes.Afteramorningraininspring，theroad，thewillowsandthehotelarecompletelydifferent.Thehotellooksgreen.Thewillowslookfresh.Everythingisnice，gentleandquiet.WillowbranchesareconsideredasatypicalsymboloffarewellinChina.Inancienttimes，Chinesepeopleoftenusedthemasgiftswhentheysaidgoodbyetotheirfriends.“Iinviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain”isthepoet’swarmandrealwayofnotwantingtosaygoodbyetohisfriends.Havinganotherdrinktogetherislikeasymboloftheirgoodbye.Lastly，“Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen”showsthefeelingofbeingaloneandmissingsomeone.Italsoshowshistrueloveandcareforhisfriend.“AFarewellSong”createsafeelingofquietsadness.Itmixesbeautifulpicturesandhumanfeelingstodeeplyexpressthecommonexperienceofsayinggoodbye.()37.WhendidWangWei’sfriendleaveinthepoem?A.Inspring. B.Insummer. C.Inautumn. D.Inwinter.()38.WhatdopeopleoftensayaboutWangWei’sworks?A.Therearestoriesinhispoemsandstoriesinhispictures.B.Therearepicturesinhispoemsandtherearepoemsinhispictures.C.Therearesongsinhispoemsandsongsinhispictures.D.Therearedancesinhispoemsanddancesinhispictures.()39.InChineseculture，whyarewillowbranchesusedtosaygoodbye?A.Becauseitsshapelookslikeadroopingheadfullofsadness.B.BecauseitspronunciationsoundssimilartotheChinesewordfor“stay”.C.Becauseofitsabilitytogrowbackquicklyafterbeingcutoff.D.Becauseofitsuseinthepasttomarkdirectionsduringwars.()40.Whatfeelingdoesthepoetwanttoexpressinthispoem?A.Toshowhisjoybeforeseparatingfromhisfriends.B.Toshowhisexcitementafterseeinghisoldfriends.C.Toshowhissadnessbeforefarewell.D.Toshowhisangerbeforefarewell.第二节：阅读还原(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentoutsidelastweek.Really“outside”，likeplayinginaparkorhikinginthewoods.41.Howmanyhoursdidyouenjoynature，feelingthesunandthebreeze?Nowthinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentindoors—ontheInternetorplayingvideogamesorwatchingTV.Youmaysay，“IplayinsidemorethanoutsideandIliketoplaygamesonthecomputer.”42.Childrentodayspendtwofewerhoursperweekonsportsandoutdooractivitiesthanchildrendid20yearsago.That’saccordingtoaUniversityofMichiganstudy.“Itwillleadtobeingoverweight，greaterstress，higherratesofhealthproblems，andlessjoy...，”saysRichard，anAmericanwriter.Soplayingoutsideisimportant，evenforadults.43.______Outdooractivitiesbetteryoursenses.Thenexttimeyousitdowntochatwithyourfriendsonline，takenoteofyoursensesduringandafterchatting.44.Youwillfindbeingoutdoorsbringsthesensestolife.Hiking，cycling，andfishinghelpimproveallofyoursenses.Spendingtimeoutdoorsbringsyouclosertotheenvironment.Whenyou’reout，breatheinfreshair，searchforcoolbirdsandplantsinthewoods.45.Nowoodsnearby?Naturecanbefoundrightoutsideyourbackdoororinyourlocalpark.Sothenexttimeyousitdowntospendqualitytimewithavideogame，considertreatingyourselftoalittleoutdoorplayinstead.IV.词汇运用(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)(A)根据句意及汉语提示、音标或首字母，写出句中所缺单词。46.Herworkhelped/ɪn'kriːs/people’sinterestinprotectingwildanimals.47.Withcountless(努力)onallsides，thescaryfirewasfinallycontrolled.48.However，shecarefully(记录)thechimpanzees’dailylifeandwatchedthemclosely.49.Herworkcoversmanyfields，iscience，education，andenvironmental

protection.50.We’reproudthathigh-qualityChineseparewalkingintotheworldmarket.(B)从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空(有一项多余)。51.Herliesnotonlyinsciencebutalsoinkindness.52.Shenevergivesup，thetaskseemsimpossibletoher.53.Theheavyrainfloodsandwashedawaythehouses.54.Learninganewskillcanbeaslowprocess，butthefinalresultisalways

.55.Usingmobilephonesforalongtimeyoureyesandcanalsoreduceourattentioninstudy.V.根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)TheIndianrhino，alsoknownasthegreaterone-hornedrhino，isthelargestkindofrhinoonEarth.Whenaboyrhinogrowsup，itcanreach56.n3，000kilogramsinweight.Itstandstallerthanmosthumans.Truetoitsname，theone-hornedrhinohasjustonehorn，settingit57.afromitsAfricanrelatives.However，it’snottheonlyrhinowithonehorn—theJavanrhinoalsohasa58.shorn.TheIndianrhinoisoneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesinanimal59.p.ThebiganimalsoncelivedinthenorthofIndia.However，theywerehuntedforsportandkilledbyfarmers，causingtheirnumberto60.d.Atthestartofthe20thcentury，therewereonlyaround200Indianrhinos.Thankstogreatefforts，thenumberhasincreased20times.Thebiganimalsliketolivealone，61.btheyarefriendlytoeachother.Wallowing(打滚)isanimportantactivityforthem—theyfindawonderfulmud62.pandplaytogetherthere.Theyloveto63.ctheirskinwithmudinordertostaycoolonhotdays.Mudcanalsohelptokeepinsectsawayfromtheirskinandstopstrongsunlightfrom64.hthem.BecauseIndianrhinosspendtheirafternoonswallowing，theyusuallyeatduringtheearlymorningandlateeveningwhenthe65.tiscooler.Indianrhinosplayanimportantroleinourecosystemandhelptokeepnaturebalanced.Wearefamilyunderthesamesky.VI.阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不多于8个词。Theysaytherearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld—catpeopleanddogpeople.Takealookatthemanypostswrittenbydogandcatloversonsocialmedia.Bothgroupstrytoprovewhytheyareright.Andbothgroupshavegoodreasons.Dogloverssaythat“man’sbestfriend”isloyal(忠诚的)，activeandsweet.Cats，ontheotherhand，areusuallydescribedaselegantandproud“masters”，whiletheirownersaremoreliketheir“servants(奴仆)”.Butthisisaboutmorethanjustwhatkindofpetsomeonelikesbetter.Itcanalsotellyoumoreaboutthemasaperson.AstudyfromCarrollUniversityintheUnitedStatesshowsthatpeoplechoosepetsdependingontheirownpersonality.Forexample，catsareseenasanimalsthatliketobealoneanddon’tcaremuchaboutwhatotherssayordo.“Ifyou’relikethat，youvaluethatinananimal.It’sabettermatchforyou，”saidDeniseGuastello，oneofthepsychologistswholedthestudy.Guastello’sstudyfoundthatthereareotherpersonalitydifferencesbetweendogloversandcatlovers.Dogloversareusuallymoreoutgoingandlively，whilecatloversarequieter，moreopen-mindedandsensitive.Thiscanbepartlyexplainedbythelivinghabitsandenvironmentsthatpetownersandtheirpetshave.Thinkaboutit:dogownersgooutsidetowalktheirdogsalmosteveryday，butifyou’requietandshy，you’llprobablystayathomewithyourcat.66.Whatdodogloversthinkofdogs?_____________________________________________________________________67.HowdopeoplechoosepetsaccordingtothestudyfromCarrollUniversity?

_____________________________________________________________________68.Whatarecatloversusuallylike?(Listatleasttwocharacteristics)_____________________________________________________________________69.Whydodogownersoftengooutside?_____________________________________________________________________70.Areyoua“catperson”ora“dogperson”?Listonereason._____________________________________________________________________VII.书面表达(满分25分)假如你是Andy，你校的WildlifeProtectionClub正在招募新成员，请你根据提示，用英语写一封90词左右的申请信。自身情况八年级学生，乐于助人；喜爱冬季，可以堆雪人、打雪仗；目的热爱大自然，想要更多地了解动物，保护它们；观点人类砍伐森林导致自然灾害多发，动物处境危险，……时间及联系方式每周日下午可以参加活动，联系方式者Andy@。DearChairperson，IwouldliketojoinWildlifeProtectionClub.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，Andy

答案I.1～5DBBCA6～10AACBA1.D【解析】考查反身代词。thetwins是复数，反身代词用yourselves；protectoneselffromsth.为固定搭配，意为“保护自己免受……伤害”。2.B【解析】考查连接副词辨析。moreover意为“此外、而且”，表递进，承接树木的另一作用；however(然而)、otherwise(否则)、anyway(无论如何)均不符合语境。3.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accept意为“接纳、接受”，符合“想要真正成长，我们就必须接纳自己的优缺点”的句意；clear(清除)、lose(失去)、trust(信任)均不符合语境。4.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。mainly意为“主要地”，说明印度人以说印地语为主；specially(专门地)、simply(简单地)、hardly(几乎不)均不符合语境。5.A【解析】考查固定搭配。tellsb.nottodosth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，否定形式为nottodo。6.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。setup意为“建立、成立”，符合“建立一些志愿小组保护环境”的语境；findout(查明)、searchfor(寻找)、lookat(看)均不符合语境。7.A【解析】考查短语辨析。thanksto意为“多亏、由于”，用于表达成功的原因；inorderto(为了)、lookforwardto(期待)、payattentionto(注意)均不符合语境。8.C【解析】考查句子成分分析。A项“Autumnleavesturnbrown.”结构为“主语+系动词+表语”(S+V+P)；B项“Sandy’smumboughtheranewhat.”结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(S+V+IO+DO)；C项“Ifoundhimveryinteresting.”中“him”是宾语，“veryinteresting”补充说明宾语的状态，属于“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构(S+V+O+C)；D项“Tomdoessomereadingeveryday.”结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”(S+V+O)。故选C。9.B【解析】考查过去进行时。when引导的时间状语从句时态为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时(表示动作正在进行)；主语Mary为第三人称单数，be动词用was。10.A【解析】考查情景交际。That’sagreatpoint意为“这个主意很棒”，用于赞同对方的提议；I’mafraidnot(恐怕不行)、Itdoesn’tmatter(没关系)、Takecare(保重)均不符合语境。II.11～15BDCBC16～20BCDDA21～25ADBAC【主旨大意】本文以红枫树Maggie的视角展开，讲述它原本因外表完美受喜爱，遭遇风暴树皮被撕落后担忧自己不再被认可，后收留了负鼠一家等动物，人们也因它保护动物的举动更加喜爱它，最终Maggie明白美丽不仅是外在容貌，更在于善良等内在品质。11.B【解析】后文提及人们夸赞枫树美丽，可知它的每一处看起来都很“完美”。12.D【解析】前文是人们夸赞枫树的话，words符合语境。13.C【解析】后文出现“风、雨”及“roundtwoofthestorm”，可知是“暴风雨”来临。14.B【解析】树皮被撕落，枫树担心人们对自己的看法，因此感到“担忧”。15.C【解析】前文提到“inthecenterofCentralPark”，center与middle为同义替换，inthemiddleof表示“在……中央”。16.B【解析】枫树哭泣的原因是不再像以前那样美丽，since符合语境。17.C【解析】根据“Onenoon”以及“Aboutfivehourslater”可知暴风雨过后天色已晚，负鼠一家来请求在树洞里度过“夜晚”。18.D【解析】小负鼠十分可爱，枫树无法“拒绝”它们的请求。19.D【解析】前文提及树皮被“撕掉”，此处指暴风雨又“撕掉”了一部分树皮，tearsoff与前文tornoff相呼应。20.A【解析】根据语境可知前后为转折关系，but符合语境。21.A【解析】枫树收留动物的行为是“温暖的”，吸引了其他动物前来。22.D【解析】枫树为动物提供庇护，是在“保护”它们免受恶劣天气伤害。23.B【解析】枫树依旧没忘记，人们会对自己的外在“容貌”有怎样的看法。24.A【解析】人们非但没砍掉枫树，反而因它保护动物的举动，更加“喜爱”它。25.C【解析】经历这一切后，枫树“最终”明白美丽的真正含义。III.第一节：A)26～28AAB【主旨大意】本文是一则关于瓶中下雨的实验报告。26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Whatweneed:-Hotwater&ice-Abowl-Alargeclearglassbottle”可知，这个实验需要热水、冰、碗和一个透明玻璃瓶。故选A。27.A【解析】图文转换题。根据“Whattodo:...5.Putthebowlbottomontopofthebottlelikeacover.”和“Whathappens:Thebottlebecomesfoggy,andsmallwaterdrops(水滴)appearinside.Later,thedropsgrowbiggerandfalllikerain.”可知，实验结果是瓶子表面变得模糊，里面出现了小水滴。随后，这些水滴逐渐变大，并像雨滴一样落下，且碗底部盖在瓶子上。故选A。28.B【解析】文章类型题。本文是关于瓶中下雨的实验，应该是一个实验室报告，故选B。B)29～32DCAB【主旨大意】本文首先指出自然灾害正变得越来越普遍和严重，接着详细介绍了洪水、龙卷风、地震和山火四种常见自然灾害的避险方法，帮助人们在灾害发生时保障自身安全。29.D【解析】文章开头提出“自然灾害正变得越来越普遍和严重”的观点，澳大利亚山火是支撑该观点的例子，因此举例是为了说明这一核心论点。30.C【解析】结合语境可知，山火通常在炎热天气多发，“scorching”意为“炎热的”，与“hot”同义。31.A【解析】根据龙卷风避险建议“keepawayfromwindows”，可知A项正确；B、C、D均与原文灾害避险内容相悖(洪水不能喝生水、山火要尽早撤离、地震远离树木)。32.B【解析】文章核心是介绍不同自然灾害中的避险方法，而非灾害成因、影响或命名方式，因此“如何在自然灾害中保障安全”最贴合主旨。C)33～36CBAD【主旨大意】本文介绍了从夏季过渡到秋季时人们更容易情绪低落的科学依据，说明了季节性情绪变化的常见表现、主要影响因素(光照时长)，并给出了应对“冬季忧郁”的具体方法。33.C【解析】第二段列举了季节性情绪变化的常见表现，包括精力不足、社交意愿降低、对喜