2026年研究生入学考试英语二历年真题

2026年研究生入学考试英语二历年真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"remotework"hastransformedfromanicheperktoaglobalstandardinaremarkablyshortperiod.However,astheinitialshockofthepandemicfades,organizationsarefacinganewsetofchallengesregardinghowtomanageadistributedworkforce.Oneofthemostsignificantissuesisthemaintenanceofcompanyculturewithoutaphysicaloffice.Traditionally,culturewas_________(1)_________throughwatercoolerchats,sharedlunches,andface-to-facemeetings.Inadigitalenvironment,theseorganicinteractionsareoftenlost.To_________(2)_________thisgap,manycompanieshaveturnedtovirtualteam-buildingactivities.Whilewell-intentioned,theseforcedfunsessionscansometimesfeel_________(3)_________andawkward,leadingto"Zoomfatigue"ratherthangenuineconnection.Employeesoften_________(4)_________theseactivitiesasjustanotheritemontheirto-dolist,ratherthananopportunitytobond.Thisraisesacriticalquestion:Isitpossibletobuilda_________(5)_________communityonline,orarewesimplytryingtoreplicateanoutdatedmodel?Theanswermaylieinredefiningwhatcommunitymeansinthe21stcentury.Insteadoftryingto_________(6)_________theofficeexperiencedigitally,expertssuggestfocusingon"psychologicalsafety"andclearcommunication.Whenteammembersfeelsafetoexpressideasand_________(7)_________mistakeswithoutfearofretribution,trustbeginstoform.Thistrustisthe_________(8)_________ofastrongremoteculture.Itisnotaboutreplicatingthephysicalspace,butabout_________(9)_________theemotionalandprofessionalsupportsystemsthatallowemployeestothrive.Furthermore,theflexibilityofferedbyremoteworkcanbeadouble-edgedsword.Whileitallowsforbetterwork-lifebalance,italsoblursthe_________(10)_________betweenpersonalandprofessionallife.Managersmustbetrainedtorecognizethesignsofburnout,whichcanbehardertodetect_________(11)_________ascreen.Withoutthevisualcuesofanoffice—likeleavingearlyorarrivinglate—itisdifficulttoknowwhenanemployeeis_________(12)_________.Ultimately,theshifttoremoteworkisnotjustachangeoflocation;itisafundamentalshiftinmanagementphilosophy.Successinthisnewerarequiresamoveawayfrom"presenteeism"(valuinghoursloggedoverresults)towardsa_________(13)_________-orientedapproach.Byprioritizingoutcomesandempoweringemployees,companiescanbuildaculturethatisnotonly_________(14)_________inaremotesettingbutpotentiallystrongerthanitstraditionalcounterpart.Thefutureofworkisnotaboutwherewesit,butabouthowwe_________(15)_________.1.[A]transmitted[B]cultivated[C]ignored[D]analyzed2.[A]bridge[B]widen[C]create[D]ignore3.[A]exciting[B]tedious[C]genuine[D]mandatory4.[A]lookforwardto[B]perceive[C]cancel[D]enjoy5.[A]physical[B]distant[C]cohesive[D]diverse6.[A]improve[B]replicate[C]abandon[D]sell7.[A]hide[B]commit[C]acknowledge[D]repeat8.[A]foundation[B]surface[C]enemy[D]goal9.[A]destroying[B]monitoring[C]fostering[D]limiting10.[A]relationship[B]lines[C]gap[D]conflict11.[A]through[B]behind[C]on[D]over12.[A]working[B]sleeping[C]struggling[D]relaxing13.[A]time[B]result[C]profit[D]rule14.[A]impossible[B]sustainable[C]fragile[D]identical15.[A]survive[B]play[C]leave[D]collaborateSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostdebatedtopicsinmodernlabormarkets.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,thegigeconomypromisesflexibilityandautonomyforworkers.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhaveempoweredmillionstobecometheirownbosses,choosingwhenandwheretheywork.Formany,thisliberationfromthe9-to-5grindisasignificantimprovementinqualityoflife.However,criticsarguethatthisflexibilitycomesatasteepprice.Thelackofbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andretirementplansleavesgigworkersvulnerable.Whenagigworkergetssick,theydonotgetpaid;whentheywanttotakeavacation,thereisnoincome.Furthermore,theclassificationofworkersas"independentcontractors"ratherthanemployeesallowscompaniestoavoidpayingpayrolltaxesandprovidinglaborprotections.Thishasledtolegalbattlesacrosstheglobe,withlegislatorsscramblingtoupdatelaborlawswrittenforamanufacturingera.Economistsarealsodividedonthelong-termimpact.Someseeitasthefutureofwork,increasingefficiencyandmatchinglaborsupplywithdemandinreal-time.Othersfearitcreatesa"precariat"—aclassofpeoplewholivewithlittlepredictabilityorsecurity.Thealgorithmicmanagementstyleusedbytheseplatforms,whichdictatesexactlyhowataskshouldbedone,canfeeldehumanizing.Workersareoftensubjecttothewhimsofcustomerratingsandalgorithmicblackboxesthatcandeactivatethemwithoutexplanation.Despitethesechallenges,thegigeconomycontinuestogrow.Traditionalindustriesareincreasinglyadoptinggigmodelstoreducecosts.Thequestionnowisnothowtostopit,buthowtoregulateit.Proposalsincludecreatingathirdcategoryofworker,dependentcontractor,whowouldbeentitledtosomebenefitsbutnotall.Aswemoveforward,findingabalancebetweenflexibilityandsecuritywillbethedefiningchallengeforlaborpolicymakers.16.Thegigeconomyisattractivetoworkersmainlybecauseitoffers______.[A]higherwages[B]jobsecurity[C]flexibilityandautonomy[D]comprehensivehealthbenefits17.Whatisthemajorcriticismagainstthegigeconomy?[A]Itistoodifficulttojoin.[B]Itlackstraditionallaborprotectionsandbenefits.[C]Itcausesinefficiencyinthemarket.[D]Itpreventsworkersfromusingtechnology.18.Theword"precariat"(Para.3)mostlikelyreferstoagroupofpeoplewho______.[A]arehighlyskilledandwealthy[B]workintraditionalmanufacturing[C]livewitheconomicinsecurity[D]opposetheuseofalgorithms19.Whydocompaniespreferclassifyingworkersasindependentcontractors?[A]Toavoidlegalresponsibilitiesandcosts.[B]Tohelpworkersgetmorefreedom.[C]Toimprovethequalityofservice.[D]Tocomplywithcurrentlaborlaws.20.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionregardingthefutureofthegigeconomy?[A]Itshouldbebannedimmediately.[B]Companiesshouldvoluntarilyprovidefullbenefits.[C]Anewregulatoryframeworkisneededtobalanceflexibilityandsecurity.[D]Workersshouldreturntotraditional9-to-5jobs.Text2Intherealmofpsychology,the"Dunning-Krugereffect"isacognitivebiaswherebypeoplewithlowabilityatataskoverestimatetheirability.Itisaphenomenonthatexplainswhyincompetentindividualsoftenfeelconfident,whilecompetentindividualssometimesdoubtthemselves.TheeffectisnamedafterDavidDunningandJustinKruger,thesocialpsychologistswhofirstidentifieditthroughtheirresearchatCornellUniversityin1999.Theirstudiesrevealedthatpeoplewhoscoredinthebottomquartileontestsoflogic,grammar,andhumorgrosslyoverestimatedtheirperformance.Despitescoringinthe12thpercentile,theyestimatedtheywereinthe62ndpercentile.Interestingly,theseindividualswerenotonlyunawareoftheirincompetence;theywerealsounabletorecognizeitinothers.This"doubleburden"makesitdifficultforthemtoimprovebecausetheylackthemetacognitiveabilitytojudgetheirownperformance.Conversely,high-performingindividualstendedtounderestimatetheirperformance.Becausetheyassumedtasksthatwereeasyforthemwereeasyforeveryone,theymistakenlythoughttheirsuperiorabilitieswerecommon.Thisissometimesreferredtoas"impostersyndrome,"wherehighachieversfeellikefraudsdespiteevidenceoftheircompetence.TheimplicationsoftheDunning-Krugereffectareprofound,extendingbeyondtheclassroomintotheworkplaceandpolitics.Inbusiness,amanagerlackingleadershipskillsmayfailtorecognizetheirowndeficiencies,leadingtopoordecision-makingandatoxicworkenvironment.Inpolitics,voterswithlimitedunderstandingofcomplexissuesmayhaveunwaveringconfidenceintheirsimplisticsolutions,potentiallyleadingtopolarization.Overcomingthisbiasrequiresacommitmenttolifelonglearningandhumility.Itinvolvesseekingfeedbackfromothersandbeingwillingtoacceptthatonemightbewrong.Educationplaysacrucialrole;ascompetenceincreases,self-awarenesstendstoimprove.However,thefirststepissimplyacknowledgingthatweallhaveblindspots.Inaworldthatoftenrewardsconfidenceovercompetence,recognizingtheDunning-Krugereffectisessentialforpersonalgrowthandeffectiveleadership.21.WhatistheDunning-Krugereffect?[A]Atendencyforsmartpeopletounderestimateothers.[B]Abiaswherelow-abilityindividualsoverestimatetheircompetence.[C]Amethodtoimprovelogicalreasoning.[D]Atestusedtomeasurehumorandgrammar.22.WhatdidDunningandKrugerfindaboutlow-performingindividuals?[A]Theywereawareoftheirpoorperformance.[B]Theyunderestimatedtheperformanceofothers.[C]Theylackedtheabilitytorecognizetheirownincompetence.[D]Theywereeagertoimprovetheirskills.23.Whydohigh-performingindividualssometimesfeellikefrauds?[A]Theyscorelowonstandardizedtests.[B]Theyassumetheirabilitiesarecommon.[C]Theyareoftencriticizedbytheirpeers.[D]Theylackconfidenceintheirfield.24.Theauthormentionstheworkplaceandpoliticstoillustrate______.[A]thedifficultyofmeasuringcompetence[B]thewide-rangingimpactofthecognitivebias[C]theimportanceofformaleducation[D]thedifferencebetweenbusinessandpolitics25.Accordingtothetext,howcanoneovercometheDunning-Krugereffect?[A]Byavoidingfeedbackfromothers.[B]Byrelyingsolelyonintuition.[C]Bypracticinghumilityandseekingfeedback.[D]Byrewardingconfidenceovercompetence.Text3Urbanagriculture,thepracticeofcultivating,processing,anddistributingfoodinoraroundacity,isbecominganincreasinglyvitalcomponentofsustainablecityplanning.Astheglobalpopulationurbanizes,thedemandforfoodrises,whilethedistancebetweenfarmandforkgrows.Thisdisconnectleadstoincreasedcarbonemissions,foodwaste,andalossofnutritionalvalue.Urbanfarmingoffersasolutionbybringingfoodproductionbacktotheconsumer.Rooftopgardens,verticalfarms,andcommunitygardensarethemostcommonformsofurbanagriculture.Rooftopgardensutilizeunderusedspacestoreducebuildingenergycostsbyprovidinginsulation.Verticalfarms,oftenhousedinabandonedwarehouses,usehydroponicoraeroponicsystemstogrowplantswithoutsoil,usingsignificantlylesswaterthantraditionalfarming.Communitygardensfostersocialcohesion,providingneighborswithaspacetocollaborateandlearnaboutnutrition.Despiteitsbenefits,urbanfarmingfacessignificanthurdles.Landincitiesisexpensiveandscarce.Zoninglawsoftenrestrictagriculturalactivities,makingitdifficultforfarmerstoscaleup.Additionally,thehighcostoftechnology,particularlyforverticalfarming,canbeprohibitive.Thereisalsotheissueofpollution;soilinurbanareascanbecontaminatedwithheavymetals,requiringrigoroustestingbeforecropsaresafetoeat.However,thetechnologicaladvancementsinAgritecharehelpingtoovercomethesebarriers.Automatedsystems,LEDlighting,andAI-drivenclimatecontrolaremakingindoorfarmingmoreefficientandcost-effective.These"smartfarms"canproducecropsyear-round,independentofweatherconditions.Thisresilienceisparticularlyappealinginthefaceofclimatechange,whichisincreasinglydisruptingtraditionalagriculture.Economically,urbanagriculturecancreatelocaljobsandstimulatethelocaleconomy.Bykeepingfooddollarswithinthecommunity,itreducestheleakageofcapitaltolargemultinationalcorporations.Whileurbanfarmsmaynevercompletelyreplaceruralagriculture,theyserveasacrucialsupplement.Theyenhancefoodsecurity,reduceenvironmentalimpact,andmakecitiesmorelivable.Aswelooktothefuture,integratinggreenspacesintotheconcretejungleisnotjustanaestheticchoicebutanecessityforsurvival.26.Whatistheprimarybenefitofurbanagriculturementionedinthefirstparagraph?[A]Itincreasesthepriceoffood.[B]Itreducesthedistancebetweenproductionandconsumption.[C]Itencouragespeopletomovetoruralareas.[D]Iteliminatestheneedfortraditionalfarming.27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaformofurbanagriculture?[A]Rooftopgardens[B]Verticalfarms[C]Communitygardens[D]Wheatplantations28.Accordingtothetext,whatisamajorchallengeforurbanfarming?[A]Lackofconsumerinterest.[B]Highlandcostsandzoningrestrictions.[C]Abundanceofwater.[D]Toomanyabandonedwarehouses.29.Howdoestechnologyhelpurbanfarming?[A]Itmakesfarmingmorelabor-intensive.[B]Itallowsforyear-roundproductionindependentofweather.[C]Itincreasestheuseofsoil.[D]Itslowsdownthegrowthofplants.30.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardurbanagriculture?[A]Skeptical[B]Optimisticbutcautious[C]Indifferent[D]CriticalText4Theconceptof"culturalcapital,"introducedbyFrenchsociologistPierreBourdieu,referstonon-financialsocialassetsthatpromotesocialmobility.Theseassetsincludeeducation,intellect,styleofspeech,dress,andotherculturalmarkers.Bourdieuarguedthatwhileeconomiccapital(money)isimportant,culturalcapitalisequallycrucialinmaintainingandreproducingsocialhierarchy.Itexplainswhychildrenfromprivilegedbackgroundsoftensucceed,regardlessoftheirinnateability.Culturalcapitalexistsinthreestates.Thefirstis"embodiedstate,"whichreferstothelong-lastingdispositionsofthemindandbody.Thisincludesknowledge,mannerisms,andtastesthatapersoninternalizesoveryearsofupbringing.Itcannotbetransmittedinstantaneouslylikemoney;itrequirestimeandpersonaleffort.Thesecondis"objectifiedstate,"whichreferstoculturalgoodssuchasbooks,instruments,ormachines.Owningapaintingrequireseconomiccapital,butunderstandingorappreciatingitrequiresculturalcapital.Thethirdis"institutionalizedstate,"typicallyrecognizedbyeducationalqualifications.Adegreeobjectivelycertifiestheculturalcompetenceofaholder,makingitconvertibleonthelabormarket.Theimplicationsofthistheoryareprofoundforunderstandinginequality.Schoolsoftenrewardtheculturalcapitalofthedominantclasseswhiledevaluingthatofmarginalizedgroups.Forinstance,ateachermightperceiveastudentwhospeaksinthedominantdialectandisfamiliarwithclassicalliteratureas"bright"or"well-behaved,"whileastudentfromadifferentculturalbackgroundmightbeseenaslackingpotential,eveniftheyareequallyintelligent.Thishiddencurriculumperpetuatesinequalitybyfavoringthosewhoalreadypossessthe"correct"culture.However,culturalcapitalisnotstatic.Itcanbeacquired,thoughtheprocessisdifficultforthoselackinginitialresources.Accesstohigh-qualityeducation,exposuretothearts,andnetworkingcanhelpindividualsaccumulateculturalcapital.Yet,theeaseofacquisitiondependsheavilyonone'sstartingpoint.Thiscreatesaparadox:thesystemattemptstobemeritocratic,buttheverydefinitionof"merit"isoftenshapedbytheexistingpowerstructure.Inthemodernera,digitalliteracyhasbecomeanewformofculturalcapital.Theabilitytonavigatedigitalspaces,code,orcriticallyevaluateonlineinformationcreatesanewdivide.Associetyevolves,sodothemarkersofculturalcapital.Understandingthisconceptisessentialforcreatingtrulyequitablesocialpolicies.Itforcesustolookbeyondincomeandaddresstheinvisiblebarriersthatpreventsocialmobility.31.Whatis"culturalcapital"accordingtoPierreBourdieu?[A]Financialassetsinheritedfromfamily.[B]Non-financialassetslikeeducationandstylethataidsocialmobility.[C]Theabilitytospeakaforeignlanguage.[D]Physicalstrengthandhealth.32.Whichformofculturalcapitalisrepresentedbyauniversitydegree?[A]Embodiedstate[B]Objectifiedstate[C]Institutionalizedstate[D]Digitalstate33.Howdoesthe"hiddencurriculum"inschoolsaffectstudents?[A]Ittreatsallstudentsequallyregardlessofbackground.[B]Itfavorsstudentswhopossessthedominantculture.[C]Ithelpsmarginalizedstudentssucceed.[D]Iteliminatestheneedforculturalcapital.34.Whatistheauthor’sviewontheacquisitionofculturalcapital?[A]Itisimpossibleforadultstolearn.[B]Itiseasyforeveryonetoacquire.[C]Itispossiblebutinfluencedbyone'sinitialresources.[D]Itisirrelevantinthemodernjobmarket.35.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutdigitalliteracy?[A]Itisnolongerimportant.[B]Itisanewformofculturalcapital.[C]ItisonlyusefulforITprofessionals.[D]Ithasincreasedsocialequality.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheImportanceofSleep[B]DietaryAdjustmentsforEnergy[C]TheRoleofHydration[D]ManagingStressEffectively[E]RegularPhysicalActivity[F]SocialConnectionandHealth[G]ConsistencyisKey41.Maintainingahealthylifestyleisoftenequatedwithstrictdietingandintensegymsessions,butthefoundationofwellnessactuallyrestsonsomethingfarmorefundamental:movement.Ourbodiesaredesignedtomove,yetsedentaryjobshavemadeusinactive.Incorporatingjust30minutesofmoderateexercise—suchasbriskwalking,cycling,orswimming—candrasticallyimprovecardiovascularhealth,boostmood,andenhanceimmunefunction.Itisnotaboutrunningamarathon;itisaboutkeepingthebodyinregularmotiontopreventthestagnationthatleadstodisease.42.Whileexercisewakesthebodyup,restallowsittorepair.Weoftensacrificesleepforproductivity,treatingitasaluxury.However,chronicsleepdeprivationislinkedtoahostofailments,includingobesity,diabetes,andheartdisease.Duringdeepsleep,thebrainclearsouttoxinsandthemusclesrepairthemselves.Prioritizing7-9hoursofqualitysleepisarguablythesinglemosteffectivethingyoucandoforyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.Itistheultimateresetbutton.43.Thefoodweconsumeactsasthefuelforourdailyactivities.Adietrichinprocessedsugarsandsaturatedfatscanleadtoenergycrashesandlong-termhealthissues.Instead,focusingonwholefoods—vegetables,fruits,leanproteins,andwholegrains—providessustainedenergy.Itisnotnecessarytofollowarestrictivediet,butrathertomakemindfulchoices.Reducingsugarintakeandstayinghydratedaresimplestepsthatcanleadtosignificantimprovementsinhowwefeelandfunction.44.Waterisoftenoverlookedasanutrient,yetitisvitalforeverycellinourbody.Evenmilddehydrationcancauseheadaches,fatigue,anddifficultyconcentrating.Thebrainisparticularlysensitivetofluidlevels.Drinkingwaterbeforemealscanalsoaidindigestionandweightmanagement.Whilethe"8glassesaday"ruleisageneralguideline,listeningtoyourbody'sthirstsignalsiscrucial.Replacingsugarysodaswithwaterisaneasywinforyourhealth.45.Finally,thesecrettomakingallthesechangesstickisnotintensity,butregularity.Motivationoftenfluctuates,andrelyingonwillpoweraloneusuallyleadstofailure.Buildinghabits—small,automaticbehaviors—isthekey.WhetheritislayingoutworkoutclothesthenightbeforeorpreppingmealsonSunday,establishingroutinesreducesthementalloadofmakinghealthychoices.Whenhealthybehaviorsbecomepartofyourdailyrhythm,theynolongerfeellikechores,butsimplyapartofwhoyouare.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligencehassparkedaglobaldebateaboutitsimpactonthefutureofemployment.WhileAIhasthepotentialtoautomatemundaneandrepetitivetasks,therebyincreasingproductivity,italsoposesasignificantriskofdisplacingworkersinvariousindustries.Historically,technologicalrevolutionshavedestroyedjobsbutalsocreatednewones,oftenrequiringdifferentskillsets.However,thespeedandscaleofAIdevelopmentareunprecedented.Expertsarguethattheworkforcemustadaptbyacquiringnewskills,particularlythosethatmachinescannoteasilyreplicate,suchascreativity,emotionalintelligence,andcomplexproblem-solving.Educationsystemsandcorporatetrainingprogramsmustevolvetomeetthisdemand,ensuringthatthebenefitsofAIaresharedbroadlyacrosssocietyratherthanconcentratedinthehandsofafew.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouarethesecretaryoftheStudentUnionatyouruniversity.Theuniversityisplanningtoorganizea"CareerDevelopmentWeek"tohelpstudentsprepareforjobhunting.Writeanemailtoadistinguishedalumnus,Mr.Zhang,1)invitinghimtogivealectureonresumewritingandinterviewskills;2)specifyingthetimeandplace;3)explainingwhyhisexperiencewouldbevaluabletothestudents.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameorthenameofyouruniversity.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourreasonsandcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ChartDescription:Thechartisalinegraphshowingthechangesinthenumberofreaderspreferringe-booksversuspaperbooksinacertaincityfrom2018to2023.In2018,Paperbooks:80%;E-books:20%.In2019,Paperbooks:75%;E-books:25%.In2020,Paperbooks:60%;E-books:40%.In2021,Paperbooks:50%;E-books:50%.In2022,Paperbooks:40%;E-books:60%.In2023,Paperbooks:30%;E-books:70%.Thetrendshowsasteadydeclineinpaperbookreadershipandacorrespondingriseine-bookreadership,withthelinescrossingin2021.答案与详细解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[B]cultivated解析：此处意为“企业文化通常是通过……来培养/建立的”。transmitted（传播），cultivated（培养），ignored（忽视），analyzed（分析）。根据语境，企业文化是在日常互动中建立起来的，cultivated最符合语境。2.[A]bridge解析：此处意为“为了填补这一鸿沟”。bridgethegap是固定搭配，意为“填补差距/鸿沟”。3.[B]tedious解析：根据后文“awkward”（尴尬）以及“forcedfun”（强迫的乐趣），可知这些活动让人觉得乏味。exciting（兴奋），tedious（乏味），genuine（真实），mandatory（强制的）。tedious与上下文消极语境相符。4.[B]perceive解析：此处意为“员工往往把这些活动看作是待办事项清单上的一项”。lookforwardto（期待），perceive（看作/感知），cancel（取消），enjoy（享受）。根据语境，员工并不享受，只是看作任务，选perceive。5.[C]cohesive解析：此处意为“建立有凝聚力的社区”。physical（物理的），distant（遥远的），cohesive（有凝聚力的），diverse（多样的）。建立团队凝聚力是目标，选cohesive。6.[B]replicate解析：此处意为“试图在数字上复制办公室体验”。improve（改善），replicate（复制），abandon（抛弃），sell（出售）。前文提到不要试图复制旧模式，选replicate。7.[C]acknowledge解析：此处意为“承认错误”。hide（隐藏），commit（犯/承诺），acknowledge（承认），repeat（重复）。心理安全感包括承认错误而不受惩罚，选acknowledge。8.[A]foundation解析：此处意为“信任是强大远程文化的基石”。foundation（基础），surface（表面），enemy（敌人），goal（目标）。foundation符合搭配。9.[C]fostering解析：此处意为“培养情感和职业支持系统”。destroying（破坏），monitoring（监控），fostering（培养/促进），limiting（限制）。fostering符合积极语境。10.[B]lines解析：此处意为“模糊了个人生活与职业生活之间的界限”。relationship（关系），lines（界限），gap（差距），conflict（冲突）。blurthelines是固定搭配。11.[A]through解析：此处意为“隔着屏幕”。through（通过/隔着），behind（在后面），on（在上面），over（在上方）。隔着屏幕很难发现职业倦怠的迹象，选through。12.[C]struggling解析：此处意为“不知道员工什么时候在挣扎（遇到困难）”。working（工作），sleeping（睡觉），struggling（挣扎/困难），relaxing（放松）。根据burnout（倦怠）的语境，选struggling。13.[B]result解析：此处意为“以结果为导向的方法”。time（时间），result（结果），profit（利润），rule（规则）。对应前文的“presenteeism”（出勤主义），即从关注时间转向关注结果。14.[B]sustainable解析：此处意为“在远程环境中可持续”。impossible（不可能），sustainable（可持续），fragile（脆弱），identical（相同）。可持续的文化是目标。15.[D]collaborate解析：此处意为“不在于我们坐哪里，而在于我们如何协作”。survive（生存），play（玩），leave（离开），collaborate（协作）。工作的核心是协作。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText116.[C]flexibilityandautonomy解析：第一段提到：“thegigeconomypromisesflexibilityandautonomyforworkers”（零工经济为工人提供了灵活性和自主权）。故选C。17.[B]Itlackstraditionallaborprotectionsandbenefits.解析：第二段提到：“Thelackofbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andretirementplansleavesgigworkersvulnerable.”（缺乏福利……使零工工人处于弱势）。这是主要的批评点。故选B。18.[C]livewitheconomicinsecurity解析：第三段提到：“Othersfearitcreatesa'precariat'—aclassofpeoplewholivewithlittlepredictabilityorsecurity.”（其他人担心它创造了一个“不稳定无产者”阶级——一群几乎没有可预测性或安全感的人）。故选C。19.[A]Toavoidlegalresponsibilitiesandcosts.解析：第二段提到：“Thisallowscompaniestoavoidpayingpayrolltaxesandprovidinglaborprotections.”（这使公司能够避免支付工资税和提供劳动保护）。故选A。20.[C]Anewregulatoryframeworkisneededtobalanceflexibilityandsecurity.解析：最后一段提到：“Thequestionnowisnothowtostopit,buthowtoregulateit...findingabalancebetweenflexibilityandsecuritywillbethedefiningchallenge.”（现在的问题不是如何阻止它，而是如何监管它……找到灵活性和安全性之间的平衡将是定义性的挑战）。故选C。Text221.[B]Abiaswherelow-abilityindividualsoverestimatetheircompetence.解析：第一段定义：“the'Dunning-Krugereffect'isacognitivebiaswherebypeoplewithlowabilityatataskoverestimatetheirability.”（达克效应是一种认知偏差，低能力的人高估自己的能力）。故选B。22.[C]Theylackedtheabilitytorecognizetheirownincompetence.解析：第二段提到：“Theseindividualswerenotonlyunawareoftheirincompetence;theywerealsounabletorecognizeitinothers.”（这些个体不仅没有意识到自己的无能；他们也无法在他人身上识别出它）。故选C。23.[B]Theyassumetheirabilitiesarecommon.解析：第三段提到：“Becausetheyassumedtasksthatwereeasyforthemwereeasyforeveryone,theymistakenlythoughttheirsuperiorabilitieswerecommon.”（因为他们认为对自己容易的任务对每个人来说都容易，他们错误地认为自己的优越能力是普遍的）。故选B。24.[B]thewide-rangingimpactofthecognitivebias解析：第四段列举了职场和政治的例子，是为了说明这种认知偏差的影响是深远的，不仅仅局限于学术。故选B。25.[C]Bypracticinghumilityandseekingfeedback.解析：最后一段提到：“Overcomingthisbiasrequiresacommitmenttolifelonglearningandhumility.Itinvolvesseekingfeedbackfromothers...”（克服这种偏差需要致力于终身学习和谦逊。它包括寻求他人的反馈……）。故选C。Text326.[B]I