2025-2026年全球建筑与建造业现状报告

Buildingfast.Fallingshort.

Asclimaterisksriseandcitiesgrow,wemustrethinkhowwebuildtocreatebetterlivesforall.

GlobalStatusReportfor

BuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

©2026UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

ISBN:978-92-807-4283-1

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DOI:

//10.59117/20.500.11822/49531

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UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(2026).GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026:Asclimate

risksriseandcitiesgrow,wemustrethinkhowwebuildtocreatebetterlivesforall.Paris,2026.

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GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

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Acknowledgements

The2025–2026GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionwaspreparedbythelead

coordinatingauthorsincludingProf.IanHamilton,Dr.HarryKennard,Dr.Shih-CheHsu,Lucien

Hua,MerveYılmaz,fromBuildingInsights,andOliverRapf,Dr.JersonAmorocho,Dr.Sriraj

Gokarakonda,AnaNanu,andLarissaMilo-DalefromBuildingsPerformanceInstituteEurope

(BPIE),andchapter,sectionsanddeepdivesauthorsincludingDr.JuditKockat,Dr.SibylSteuwer,EmilyBankert,andLisaGraaffromBPIE,SeanLockie,OrlandoGibbons,andMatthewMunro

fromArup,MartinRöckfromInstituteforRegenerativeSpatialSystemScience(RISE),andDr.

ClaraCamarasaatUNEPCopenhagenClimateCentre(UNEPCCC).SpecialthankstoDrChiaraDelmastro,AxelNordonFurdosandAraceliPalesFernandezattheInternationalEnergyAgencyforprovidingvaluabledataandinsights.

Thereportwasdesignedby89up

ThereportwaseditedbyChloéFarand

SupportwasprovidedbyHongpengLei,GulnaraRoll,JonathanDuwyn,HananeHafraoui,SophieLoran,SajniNikiShah,KonishNaidu,NyashaHarper-Michon,DimaKhoury,KeishamazaRukikaire,TalHarris,andMosesOsanifromtheUNEP/GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction

(GlobalABC).

ThisreportwasmadepossiblethroughsupportfromUNEP,AssembleAllianceandresearchfundingprovidedbyADEME,FranceandDESNZ,UnitedKingdom.

Theauthorswouldliketothankthefollowingmembersandpartnerswhosupportedthisreportwiththeirimportantcontributions,input,commentsandreviews:

LanaIsamAbuQulbain,TechnicalEngineer,EmiratesGreenBuildingCouncil

HannahAudino,EnergyTransitionsCommission,Systemiq

PaulaBaptista,GermanEnergyAgency(dena)

KatieBeaulieu,NaturalResourcesCanada

TeresaCoady,FRAIC,LEEDFellow,AAIA

Dr.-Ing.MiraConci,EITClimateKIC

Dr.EssamElnagar,BuildingsPerformanceInstituteEurope(BPIE)

VictoriaFalcone,WorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment

LiFen,ChiefEngineer,ShenzhenInstituteofBuildingResearchCo.,Ltd.

LoriFerriss,ClimateHeritageNetwork,BuiltBuildingsLab

MinaHasman,CommonwealthAssociationforArchitects|SOM

Prof.ShanHu,TsinghuaUniversity

Dr.SilkeKrawietz,SETANetwork/SETADesign

Dr.YorkOstermeyer,StichtingCUES/UniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)

Dr.CarolinaOwen,WorldGreenBuildingCouncil(WorldGBC)

Dr.AliciaRegodonPuyalto,UnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServices(UNOPS)

JulieRobles,GlobalGreenGrowthInstitute

Prof.DaYan,TsinghuaUniversity

Dr.DerekSarfo-Yiadom,EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority,Ghana

5UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

6|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

Tableofcontents

PAGE

Foreword10

Politicalstatement11

Executivesummary13

1Introduction20

1.1Therelevanceofthebuildingsandconstructionsector20

1.2TheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction21

1.3Monitoringthebuildingsandconstructionsector23

1.4Theprogressobservedbetween2015-202426

2Globaltrendsinbuildingsandconstruction28

2.1Anexpandingglobalbuildingsandconstructionsector29

2.2Theconstructionmarketandcostinflation32

2.3Thebuildingsandconstructionsectorandthegrowinghousingaffordabilitycrisis34

3Buildingsandconstructionsectorcarbonemissions36

3.1Newbuildingsandtheirembodiedcarbonemissions37

3.2Operationalemissionsfromexistingbuildings41

3.3Towards2030:reducingbuildings’operationalemissions43

Buildings,energydemand,efficiencyandintensity45

4.1Buildings’energyintensity46

4.2Towards2030:fasterreductionofbuildings’energy51

Buildings,energysupply,renewableenergyshareandelectrification53

5.1Shareofrenewableenergyinbuildings54

5.2Towards2030:increasingtheshareofrenewablesinbuildings57

6Policiesfororaclimate-resilientbuildingsandconstructionsector59

6.1NDCswithanextensivestrategyforthebuildingsandconstructionsector60

6.2Towards2030:gettingNDCstoincludeextensivestrategiesforthebuildings63

andconstructionsector

6.3Othernationalpoliciesfordecarbonisationandadaptationofthebuildingsand65

constructionsector

7Buildingenergycodesaroundtheworld68

7.1Buildingenergycodesalignedwithzero-emissionsprinciples69

7.2Towards2030:deployingZEB-alignedbuildingenergycodes72

PAGE

7|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

Greenbuildingcertificationaroundtheworld75

8.1Growthingreenbuildingcertification76

8.2Towards2030:leveragingthepotentialofgreenbuildingcertification78

9Investmentinsustainableandresilientbuildings80

9.1Investmentinbuildings’energyefficiencyanddecarbonisation81

9.2Towards2030:scaling-upinvestmentinbuildings’energyefficiency84

10Future-proofingthebuildingssector:monitoringresilienceandadaptationrisks86

10.1Adaptationandresilienceinbuildingsandconstruction87

10.2Aframeworkfordifferentadaptationandresiliencedomains88

11Roadmapstodrivetransformation:fromstrategytoimplementation89

11.1Regionalandnationalroadmapsforbuildingsandconstructionfollowingthe90

GlobalABCmethodology

11.2Othergreenbuildingroadmapinitiativesaroundtheworld91

12Priorityactions:acceleratingtheobservedprogress93

13Buildingonastrongfoundation:scalinguptheGSRBC94

References98

Annex:GlobalBuildingsClimateTrackermethodology104

8|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

LISTOFTABLESPAGE

Table1.Exampleindicatorsacrossdifferentadaptationandresiliencedomains88

Table2.Globalbuildingsclimatetracker’indicatorsgoals106

LISTOFBOXESPAGE

Box1.Adeepdiveintheaffordabilityhousingcrisis35

Box2.Revisingtheglobalestimateofembodiedemissions39

Box3.Examplesofwherebuildings’embodiedemissionsarebeingaddressedthroughregulation40

Box4.Examplesofwherebuildings’operationalemissionsarereducing44

Box5.Examplesofwherebuildingenergyintensityisreducing52

Box6.Examplesofwhererenewablesinbuildingsaregrowing58

Box7.ExamplesofNDCswithsubstantivecoverageofthebuildingsector64

Box8.A12-stepactionplantoachievenet-zerobuildings67

Box9.Examplesofbuildingenergycodesthatwererecentlyupdated73

Box10.Examplesofwheregreenbuildingcertificationissignificantlygrowing79

Box11.Exampleofbuildinginvestmentandfinancingactivities85

LISTOFFIGURESPAGE

FigureES1.GlobalBuildingsClimateTrackerreferencepathtogoalandobservations14

FigureES2.Buildings’operationalemissions2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil203014

(Basedon(InternationalEnergyAgency2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

FigureES3.Percentagegrowthofoperationalemissions,floorarea,andenergyconsumptionofthe15

globalbuildingsstockinreferenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025g),(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

Figure4.Overviewofthereport(BasedonGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)22

Figure5.GlobalBuildingsClimateTrackerreferencepathtogoalandobservations(BasedonGSRBC24

authorsinternalanalysis)

Figure6.Growinggapbetweenindicatorsandtheirpathstowards2030and2050goals(Basedon25

GSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

Figure7.Percentagegrowthofoperationalemissions,floorarea,andenergyconsumptionofthe27

globalbuildingsstockinreferenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025),(IEA2025e)and

GSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

Figure8.Globalfloorspacebyeconomytype2015to2024(IEA2025g)29

Figure9.GlobalFloorspaceBetweenResidentialandNon-ResidentialBuildings(AdaptedfromIEA31

2025)

Figure10.ResidentialpropertypriceinflationinkeyglobalmarketsQ1-2015toQ4-2024(Bankfor33

InternationalSettlements2025)

Figure11.Frameworkfororganisingmeasurementaroundinterconnectedthematicelementsrelated35

tohousingaffordability,adequacyandsustainability

Figure12.Globalbuildings-relatedcarbonemissions2015-2024,embodiedemissionsfromcement,38

steelandaluminiumusedinbuildings(Basedon(IEA2025g))

Figure13.WholelifecyclestagesofabuildingaccordingtotheEN15978standard(BritishStandards39

Institution2011)

Figure14.Buildings’operationalemissions2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil203041

(Basedon(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

Figure15.Globalbuildings-relatedcarbonemissions2015-2024byemissionsource(Basedon(IEA42

2025g))

Figure16.Percentagegrowthofoperationalemissionsandenergyconsumptionoftheglobal42

buildingsstockinreferenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025e),(IEA2025)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

Figure17.Buildings’energyintensity2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil203046

(Basedon(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

Figure18.Energyconsumptioninbuildingsbyfuel2010–2024(Basedon(IEA2025g))47

Figure19.Buildingstotalfinalenergyconsumptionbyregion,2010to2024(IEA2025)47

Figure20.Totalandpercapitaenergydemandbyenduseservicedemandintheresidentialsectorin48

2024foradvancedandemerginganddevelopingeconomies(Basedon(IEA2025a))

Figure21.Percentagegrowthoffloorareaandenergyconsumptionoftheglobalbuildingsstockin50

referenceto2015(Basedon(IEA2025e)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

9|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

LISTOFFIGURES(CONT.)PAGE

Figure22.

Renewableshare2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil2030(Basedon(IEA2025c)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

54

Figure23.

Buildingsectortotalfinalenergyconsumptionin2015and2024inadvancedandemerginganddevelopingeconomies(IEA2025g).

55

Figure24.

Globalheatpumpsalesin2019,2023and2024acrosstheworld(IEA2025a)

56

Figure25.

NDCsconsideringbuildingsextensively2015-2024*,pathtogoalandpathtogetontrackuntil2030

60

Figure26.

PartiestotheParisAgreementincludingmentionsofbuildingsandconstructionclimateactionsunderNDC3.0.

62

Figure27.

AggregatedZEB-alignedbuildingenergycodes2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil2030

69

Figure28

Nationalandsub-nationalbuildingenergycodesbycoverageandcompliancerequirement.Note:Thismapiswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforthesovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundaries,andtothenameofany

territory,cityorarea.

70

Figure29.

Cumulativegrowthingreenbuildingcertification2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil2030

76

Figure30.

Cumulativeinvestmentsinenergyefficiencyinbuildings2015-2024,pathtogoal,andpathtogetontrackuntil2030(Basedon(IEA2025f)andGSRBCauthorsinternalanalysis)

81

Figure31.

Investmentsinenergyefficiencyandelectrificationinthebuildingssector,2015-2024

82

Figure32.

ClimateActionRoadmapsforBuildingsandConstruction

91

Figure33.

Globalbuildingsclimatetracker’indicatorsandweights

105

Abbreviations

BECs

BuildingEnergyCodes

EMDE

EmergingMarketandDevelopingEconomies

EPBD

EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective

ICBC

IntergovernmentalCouncilforBuildingsandClimate

IEA

InternationalEnergyAgency

IDB

Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank

IPCC

IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange

GlobalABC

GlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction

GBCT

GlobalBuildingsClimateTracker

GSRBC

GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction

GHG

greenhousegas

MEPS

MinimumEnergyPerformanceStandards

NAP

NationalAdaptationPlan

NDCs

NationallyDeterminedContributions

NZE

Net-ZeroEmissions

UAE

UnitedArabEmirates

UNEP

UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

UNFCCC

UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

UNOPS

UnitedNationsOfficeforProjectServices

WorldGBC

WorldGreenBuildingCouncil

ZEB

Zero-emissionsbuilding

10|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

Foreword

Buildingsshapehowwelive,work,andgrow.Theyarewhereopportunityisbuiltandwhereclimateactionbecomestangibleindailylife.

ThesectorgeneratesoveratenthofglobalGDPandemploysnearlyoneinten

peopleworldwide.ItalsocarriesasignificantenvironmentalfootprintaccountingformorethanathirdofglobalCO₂emissionsandalmosthalfofglobalmaterialuse.Theserealitiesmakebuildingsoneofthemostconsequentialarenasfor

climateaction,notonlyformitigation,butforresilience,equity,andwell-being.

Encouragingly,thedirectionoftravelisclear.

Overthepastdecade,globalbuildingfloorareahasexpandedrapidly,while

energydemandandemissionshavegrownmoreslowly.Energyefficiency,

cleanerpower,andbetterdesignhavedeliveredtangibleprogress.Thesegainsshowthatthesectorcangrowwhilereducingitsclimateimpactandthat

policies,markets,andtechnologycanalign.

Yetprogressremainsuneven.

Newconstructioncontinuestooutpacedecarbonisation,whilerenovationof

existingbuildingsisfartooslow.Fossilfuelsstilldominateheating,cooling

andcookinginmanycountries.Asthisreportshows,thegapbetweencurrent

trajectoriesandtheParisAgreementgoalspersists—notbecausesolutionsare

missing,butbecausetheyarenotyetdeployedatthespeedandscalerequired.UNEP’sroleistomakethisprogressvisible,credible,andscalable.Throughthe

GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionandtheworkoftheGlobal

AllianceforBuildingsandConstruction,UNEPisshowingwhatmustbedoneandmainstreamingwhatisalreadyworking.

Thisiswhereashiftinperspectivematters.

Ratherthanviewingbuildingssolelyasaproblemtobefixed,thisreportpresentsthemasaplatformfordelivery:awaytomeethousingneeds,reduceenergy

costs,strengthenresiliencetoclimateextremes,andsupportinclusiveeconomicgrowth,simultaneously.

Well-designed,energy-efficienthousingcutsemissionswhileprotecting

householdsfromvolatileenergypricesandextremeheat.Climate-resilient

buildingsreducerisksfromfloods,storms,andheatwaves.Forlow-income

families,betterhousingdeliverslong-termaffordability,healthbenefits,and

energysecurity.Housingandclimateactionarenotcompetingpriorities;whendesignedtogether,theyreinforceeachother.

Thefutureofclimateactionwillbebuilthomebyhome,neighbourhoodby

neighbourhood,throughtoday’schoicesonhowwedesign,construct,and

renovatethespacesweinhabit.Thisreportshowsthatthefoundationsare

alreadyinplace.Theopportunitynowistoscalethem,andtomakesustainable,affordable,andresilientbuildingstheglobalnorm.

MartinKrause

Director,ClimateChangeDivision

11|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

PoliticalStatement

KENYA

Hon.AliceWahome

CabinetSecretaryforHousingandUrbanDevelopment,Kenya

Kenya’srapidurbanisationdemandshousingandinfrastructuresolutionsthatareboth

resilientandinclusive.AsoutlinedinKenya’sDecarbonizationRoadmapandforthcoming

GreenBuildingStandards,climate-responsiveplanningcombinedwithevidence-based

decision-makingisessentialtosafeguardingvulnerablecommunitiesfromescalatingrisks

suchasheatwaves,flooding,andotherclimate-relatedhazards.TheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionsupportsthiseffortbyprovidingthedataandinsightscountries

needtoevaluateprogress,identifygapsandadvancethedevelopmentofasustainable,

resilientandinclusivebuildingandconstructionsector,ensuringaccesstoaffordablehousingforall.

BRAZIL

Amb.AntôniodaCostaeSilva

ChiefInternationalAdviser,MinistryofCities,Brazil,Vice-chairofICBC

Brazilunderlinesthatstrongdataandcontinuousmonitoringarekeytoturningclimate

ambitionintorealactioninthebuiltenvironment,andremainscommittedtothisapproachaspressuresonthesectorincrease.

InitsroleasVice-ChairoftheIntergovernmentalCouncilforBuildingsandClimate(ICBC),

BrazilsupportstheUNEP-hostedGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstruction(GlobalABC).TheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionprovidesasolidevidencebaseto

trackprogress,identifygaps,andacceleratethetransitiontoazero-emissionandresilientbuiltenvironment.

Braziliscommittedtoapplyingtheseinsightstoexpandaccesstosustainableandaffordablehousing,advancelow-carbonsolutions,andsupportinclusiveandresilientdevelopment.

FRANCE

Mr.Yves-LaurentSapoval

MinisterialdelegateforSustainableCitiesandUrbanEnvoy,MinistryforEcologicalTransition,France,ChairoftheICBCandCo-ChairofGlobalABC

Francebelievesthatclimateactioninthebuiltenvironmentiscentraltopreserveandenhancepeople'swell-being,sustainability,economicstabilityandsecurity.Asweobserveclimate

riskscontinuetoincrease,mitigation,adaptationandresilienceareeverydaymorenecessary.

WewelcomeadecadeofprogressandinclusiveworksinceCOP21,makingthesectormorecoordinated,data-driven,andreadyforaction.Atthisregard,wereiterateoursupporttotheworkoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme(UNEP).

Thankstotheconstantinvolvementofmany,wenowcanrelyonastrongstatement

supportedbymorethan60governments,theDéclarationdeChaillot;animplementation

body,theIntergovernmentalCouncilforBuildingsandClimate(ICBC);andaninclusiveGlobalAllianceforBuildingsandConstructiongathering400keymembersandorganizationthroughthewholevaluechainwillingtoacttogether.

Yet,apartfromactivecommunityengagement,tomakeourbuildingsandcitiesfuture-proof,resilient,andfair,weneedstrongdataandeffectivereporting.

TheGlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstructionisavitaltoolinthiseffort.Itshowsthatwhileprogressispossible,thesectorremainsofftrack,withrisingemissions,continuedrelianceonfossilfuels,andtheneedforstrongerpoliciesandgreaterinvestment.

Francesupportsstrongerbuildingcodesimplementation,fasterrenovation,theuseoflow-

carbonmaterialsandenergyresources,andincreasedinvestmenttodrivechangethisdecade.

Photo:Unsplash

13|UNEP|GlobalStatusReportforBuildingsandConstruction2025–2026

ExecutiveSummary

Photo:Adobe

Theglobalbuildingsandconstructionsectorprovides

essentialinfrastructureforhumanwell-beingandeconomicactivity,isaneconomicpowerhouseandatthesametimeamajorcontributortoclimatechange.I