Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语（牛津译林版2020必修第一册）

SectionBGrammarandusage【PART.01】Vocabulary1.countoncountondoingsth期望做某事countonsbtodosth指望某人做某事；相信某人会做某事count…as把……看作countdown倒计时count...out数出……；不包括count…in把……计算在内练习：Thewholeteamcount______CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.on2.eatawayateatawayat=eatintoeatwell健康首选；吃得营养；吃得好eatin在家吃饭eatat困扰eatout去外面吃饭eatlikeahorse吃得多练习：Myco-workerseat_________everyday,atacostof$8-20perlunch.我的同事每天都外出吃饭，每顿午餐花费8到20美元。out3.throughthickandthinsleepthroughthenight睡一整夜livethroughsth.经历某事gothroughabook读书flowthroughthevillage流经村庄练习：Theworkerswereresolvedtostandbyeachotherthroughthick________thin.工人们决心要互相支援，不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦。and【PART.02】LeadinginWhataretheprosandconsofmakingfriendsonline?Pros:

Peoplemaybeabletomakemanyfriendsonline.Cons:Friendshipsonlinecanbeveryshallow.Textingandmessagingcannotreplaceface-to-facechatting.Sharingexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressone'svalues."Liking"friends'photosonlinedoesn'tdeveloptheconnectionwiththem.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksin…Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself……notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnected……thefriendswhomwelove.…thevalueswhichmattermosttous.…theconnectionwhichweshare.1.Peoplehaveclosefriends.Peoplenaturallyenjoytheircompany.2.Heiskind-hearted.Hehastruefriends.3.Friendshipisapreciouswealth.Onesearchesforitallone'slife.1.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.2.Hewhoiskind-heartedhastruefriends.3.Friendshipisapreciouswealth(that)onesearchesforallone'slife.【PART.03】Grammar1.定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。2.构成：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句3.分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句4.关系词关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词：when，where，why定语从句的概述关系代词先行词在从句中所作的成分that人、物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人、物定语as人、物主语、宾语、表语关系代词的用法1.that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethatcometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来游览这座城市的人数达到100万。（指人，作主语）Thisisthesuitcase(that)sheislookingfor.这就是她在找的那个手提箱。（指物，作宾语）2.which

指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。They

ignored

the

details

which

might

account

for

theaccident.他们忽略了那些或许可以说明事故发生原因的细节。（作主语）3.who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

We

are

concerned

about

the

people

who

have

suffered

a

lotin

the

earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。（作主语）Danny

was

the

man

who

we

rescued

from

the

ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。（作宾语）4.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose

is

the

person

(who/whom)

you

should

care

about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。（作宾语）5.whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。注意：①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.(×)Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.(√)②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday?那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？6.as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在thesame…as...，such...as...等结构中，as不能省略。Suchreasonsaswegivecanpersuadehimtogiveuphisfoolishplan.我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划。I'llbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.我将买和你的一样的词典。注意：当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。Thisisthesamebikethat1losttwomonthsago.这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）ThisisthesamebikeasIlosttwomonthsago.这辆自行车跟两个月前我丢的那辆一样。（同样的自行车，但不是同一辆）7.as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。Asyouknow,sheisastubborngirl,andIcan'tpersuadehertochangehermind.你知道，她是一个倔强的女孩，我不能说服她改变主意。Mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutthegoodolddays,asisoftenthecasewitholdpeople.我爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光，这种情况在老年人中较为常见。归纳：as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：asweallknow众所周知as

is

well

known众所周知as

you

see

如你所见as

we

expect

正如我们预料的那样as

oftenhappens

正如经常发生的那样as

I

can

remember

正如我所记得的as

has

been

said

before

如前所述as

is/

was

expected

正如预料的那样as

can

be

seen

正如所见as

is

often

the

case情况常常是这样宜用

that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词指物且被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The

first

thing

that

you

should

do

is

call

the

police

rightaway.你应该做的第一件事就是马上报警。This

is

the

most

delicious

food

that

I

have

ever

had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。2.当先行词是all，any，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none

等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.一切能做的都已经做了。Tell

me

everything

that

you

know.把你知道的一切都告诉我吧。

Please

send

us

any

information

that

you

have

about

thesubject.有关这个主题的任何资料都请寄给我们。3.当先行词指物且被

the

only，the

very，the

last，the

same等修饰时。The

only

thing

that

she

could

do

was

to

go

to

the

police

forhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。This

is

the

very

book

that

I

want

to

buy.这就是我想买的那本书。【注意】以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”的概念，以致无法做出选择。因为关系代词which也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以，用that引导万无一失。4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。Sometimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthingsthatupsetus.有时，我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事。5.当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isverypopularallovertheworld.足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。2.当关系代词前有介词时。ThisisthehouseinwhichMoYanoncelived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。3.当先行词本身就是that时。Thatwhichyoutoldhimiswhatwewanttoknow.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系代词是that，那么另一句的关系代词宜用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，ones，anyone，noone，nobody，anybody等。Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhoisgoodatsinging?你们班有人擅长唱歌吗?2.在therebe结构中，先行词指人时。Thereisayoungladywhoisinastateofshock.有位年轻女士休克了。3.当先行词是people，those时。Peoplewhowanttotravelabroadshouldapplyforapassportfirst.想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照。Thestudentsyoushouldlearnfromarethosewhograduatedfromfamousuniversities.你应该向那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习。4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的组长。定语从句中的主谓一致1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。I'mfondofthepieceofmusicwhichispopularwiththeteenagers.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。

2.oneof+复数名词+定语从句（复数谓语）theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句（单数谓语）HeisoneofthestudentswhohaveagoodcommandofFrench.他是精通法语的学生之一。（thestudents为先行词）HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasagoodcommandofFrench.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。（theonlyone为先行词）练习1.Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,________keepmyhighsocialstatus.2.Itisthetallestbuilding__________Daminghasseeneversincehecamehere.3.Shesaidshewoulddoanything____________couldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.4.__________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.whichthatthatAs5.Thisactivitywaswarmlywelcomedbystudents,allof___________consideredithelpedtoarousetheirlearninginterest.6.Themomentwhenyouarefeelingsad,readwhatyouwrotepreviously,__________willhelpupliftyourspirits.7.Thebandwasverypopulartenyearsago,mostof__________memberswereintheirtwenties.8.Iwouldliketobuythesamebook_________sheisreading.whomwhichwhoseas【PART.04】AfterclassFinishB11.Commoninterestsproviderichground.Manyfriendshipsgrowfromrichground.2.Whenfriends'communicationiswarm