Unit 5 Revealing nature Using Language 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit5RevealingnatureSectionBUsingLanguage目录Pre-class01While-class02After-class0301Pre-classLeadinginVocabularydeclaredeclare...（tob）……布/宣称……为……declarewaron...向……宣战declareagainst…反对……declarefor...声明赞成/支持……练习：Angryresidentshavedeclaredwar_____theownersofthefactory.onLeadinginVocabularyblameblamesb./sth.forsth.=blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物sb./sth.istoblame（forsth.）某人/某事物（对某事）负有责任take/accepttheblame（forsth.）承担（某事的）责任outlay/placetheblameonsb.把责任归咎于某人theblamelieswithsb.责任在于某人练习：Mariestillblamesherself_____Patrick'sdeathforLeadinginVocabularydecline

declineby…减少了……declinein...在方面降低declinetodosth.拒绝做某事adeclinein...在……方面的下降indecline/onthedecline在下降fall/gointodecline开始衰落

练习：Therehasbeenadecline_____thesizeoffamilies.inLeadinginVocabularybeharmfulto

doharmtosb./sth.=dosb./sth.harm对……有害causesb./sth.harm对……造成伤害sufferharm受到伤害domoreharmthangood弊大于利cometonoharm/notcometoanyharm没有受到伤害meannoharm/notmeananyharm无意伤害，没有恶意

练习：Trytoreducetheuseofchemicalsthatare_____(harm)totheenvironment.harmfulLeadinginVocabularybehometo

be/feelathome舒适自在，不拘束；驾轻就熟，运用自如"makesb.feelathome使某人感到宾至如归findahomeforsth.找地方安置某物hit/drive/hammersth.home直接明确阐述某事物（使人充分理解）bringsth.hometosb.使某人充分意识到某事（的严重性、难度或危险性）hit/strikehome（言语等）正中要害；（形势、经历）使人豁然省悟练习：Warwickishome_____some550internationalstudents.toActivity1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.aDarwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,.bManypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.01Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,"suspected"or"evolvedfromacommonancestor"?1Insentence(a),"evolvedfromacommonancestor"happenedfirst.2Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,"refusedtobelieve"or"evolvedfromlowerformsoflife"?2Insentence(b),"evolvedfromlowerformsoflife"happenedfirst.03Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?3Itindicatestheactionhappenedbeforeacertainpastaction.02While-class过去完成时1过去完成时的构成和用法构成：had+动词的过去分词用法：（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when,before,after,bythetime等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。Bytheendoflastyear，wehadproduced20,000cablecars.到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。Thebarberhadshavedhimselfbeforeattendingyesterday'swedding.理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for,since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。Theworkersaidhehadworkedfortheemployersincelastyear.这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。（3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即"hoped/planned....tohavedone"。Ihadplannedtocome,butIwaspreventedbythebadweather.我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。2常用过去完成时的句式（1）It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second…timethatsb.haddonesth.这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。（2）表示"一......"的hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than..句式中，含hardly/scarcely,nosooner的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/wouldrather/onlyif后的从句中用过去完成时。3过去完成时与其他时态的区别（1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。Activity2YuanLongpingwasborninBeijingin1930.Afterhegraduatedfromuniversityintheearly1950s,hededicatedhimselftotheresearchofagriculture.Yuanhadtheideatocreateanewbreedofriceinthe1960s.Sincethen,hehasworkedtirelesslytoresearchanddevelopabetterricebreed.In1973heandhiscollaboratorsmanagedtocultivateahybridricespeciesthatwassuperiortomanyothers.Thisspeciesproduced20percentmorericeperplantthanthecommonlygrownvarieties.Forhisachievementsandcontributions,Yuanisknownasthe"fatherofhybridrice"andwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublicin2019.Activity2GregorMendel(1822–1884)wasaninfluentialbotanist.Mendelworkedoutthebasicprinciplesofhereditybyexperimentingwithplants.In1866,hepublishedhisfindings,showinghowinvisible"factors"(nowknownasgenes)areresponsibleforpredictablevisibletraits.Asaresultofhiswork,hebecameknownasthe"fatherofmoderngenetics".Activity2aNaturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.bYuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.cYuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.YuanLongping1______todoresearchonhybridricebecausenaturaldisasters2_____foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he3_____abettertypeofrice.beganhadledtodevelopedActivity2aGregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.bGregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.cGregorMendeldiedin1884.GregorMendel4_____studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1884,he5_____importantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.chosetohadmadActivity3Completetheonlineencyclopediaentrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.LonesomeGeorgewasthelastPintaIslandtortoise.Hediedin2012.AfterGeorge'sdeath,thePintaIslandtortoisewasdeclaredextinct.TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.Beforehumans