备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题三 数词与介词（含解析）

七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题三数词与介词【涉及教材单元】七上Starter：基数词1—100、时间介词in/on/at七上Unit1Anewstart：序数词、日期表达、编号表达七下Unit3Foodmatters：数量与价格表达七下Unit6Hittingtheroad：by+交通工具八上Unit1Thisisme：年龄表达（attheageof/inone’stwenties）八上Unit4Digitallife：方式介词by/with/in八下Unit3Whatmakesagreatteam?：方位介词across/through/over【考点精讲】考点一基数词与序数词一、基数词构成规则基数词表示人/事物数量。百以内规律清晰，百位以上加and。分类例词1—12（独立单词）one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19（后缀-teen）thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90整十（后缀-ty）twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—99（十位-个位连字符）twenty-one,thirty-two,ninety-nine百位以上（百位+and+后两位）103→onehundredandthree；2,000→twothousand二、序数词构成规则及特殊变化序数词表顺序，多数基数词+th，特殊变形单独记忆。变化规则示例一般直接加-thfour→fourth；six→sixth；ten→tentht结尾只加-height→eighth词尾去e加-thnine→ninthve结尾变f，再加-thfive→fifth；twelve→twelfth整十y变ie，再加-thtwenty→twentieth；thirty→thirtieth不规则特殊变化one→first；two→second；three→third缩写规则：阿拉伯数字+序数词末尾两字母

first→1st；second→2nd；third→3rd；fourth→4th；twenty-first→21stthe用法

①表正常顺序：序数词前加the

thefirstlesson；thesecondfloor

②表“再一、又一”：用不定冠词a/an

Iwanttoreadthebookathirdtime.我想再读一遍这本书。考点二数词核心用法一、年份、日期、时刻表达年份：基数词，两位一组朗读

2026→twentytwenty-six；2000→twothousand日期：月份基数词，日期序数词

书写：May4th；朗读：Maythefourth/thefourthofMay时刻：全部用基数词

8:15=eightfifteen/aquarterpasteight

8:30=eightthirty/halfpasteight

8:45=eightforty-five/aquartertonine二、年龄表达attheageof+基数词

HestartedlearningEnglishattheageofseven.inone’s+整十复数（……多岁）

inhistwenties在他二十多岁时三、编号表达两种格式，名词+基数词更常用

LessonOne=thefirstlesson

Room205（读作Roomtwoofive）

Page10（读作Pageten）四、分数与百分数分数：分子基数词，分母序数词；分子＞1，分母加s

1/3onethird；2/3twothirds

1/4onequarter/onefourth；3/4threequarters百分数：基数词+percent（永久不加s）

25%twenty-fivepercent主谓一致规则：谓语单复数由of后名词决定

Twothirdsofthestudentsarefromthecity.（students复数→are）

70percentofthewaterispolluted.（water不可数→is）五、hundred/thousand/million/billion用法口诀：有数不加s，无数加s加of使用场景结构例句前面有具体数字数字+hundred/thousand…（无s、无of）threehundredstudents模糊约数、无具体数字hundreds/thousands…+of+名词（加s、加of）hundredsofstudents错误示范：threehundredsstudents/hundredofpeople

正确示范：threehundredstudents/hundredsofpeople拓展（九年级预习・倍数表达）AisthreetimesasbigasB.A是B的三倍大AisthreetimesbiggerthanB.A比B大三倍AisthreetimesthesizeofB.A是B的三倍大考点三高频介词分类辨析介词不能单独作成分，必须搭配名词/代词/动名词构成介词短语，作状语、定语、表语。一、时间介词in/on/at/since/for介词使用场景例句in长时间段：年、月、季节、世纪、泛指早中晚in2026；inMay；insummer；inthemorningon特指某一天/某天的早中晚（带修饰词）onMay4th；onMondaymorning；onacolddayat具体时刻、短时间点at8:00；atnoon；atnight；atthemomentsince从过去时间点持续到现在（现在完成时）since2020；sincelastyearfor持续一段时间（现在完成时）fortwoyears；forthreeweeks补充规则：

this/that/next/last/every修饰时间词，前面不加介词

IwillgotoBeijingnextweek.（不加in）区分：

inthemorning（泛指早晨）

onacoldmorning（有天气修饰，特指某天早上）

onMondaymorning（星期修饰，特指某天早上）二、方位介词in/on/at/across/through/over/above/between/among介词含义&用法例句in在空间/范围内部intheroom；inChinaon在物体表面、有接触onthedesk；onthewallat小地点、点位atthedoor；atthebusstopacross平面横向穿过（马路、河面）walkacrosstheroadthrough立体空间内部穿过（森林、隧道、人群）walkthroughtheforestover垂直正上方、越过、覆盖abridgeovertheriver；jumpoverthewallabove高于，不一定垂直thesunabovethemountainbetween两者之间betweenyouandmeamong三者及以上之间amongthethreegirls易混对比：acrossVSthrough

walkacrossthesquare横穿广场（平面）

walkthroughthecrowd穿过人群（立体内部）overVSabove

bridgeovertheriver桥在河正上方（垂直）

planeabovetheclouds飞机在云层上方（不垂直）三、方式介词by/with/in介词用法例句by交通方式、抽象手段bybus；byhand；byemailwith具体工具、身体部位、伴随writewithapen；withmyhelpin语言、颜料、颜色、书写材质inEnglish；inink；inred补充：by+交通工具单数无冠词；交通工具前有形容词/物主代词，改用on/in

onabigbus；inmycar四、其他高频介词about/from/except/besides/against介词含义例句about关于；大约talkabout；about50studentsfrom来自；从……起comefrom；fromMondaytoFridayexcept除开（不包含在内）EveryoneishereexceptTom.besides除……之外（包含在内）BesidesTom,twootherscame.against反对；倚靠againstthewall；fightagainstexcept&besides核心区分：

EveryonelaughedexceptTom.所有人都笑了，Tom没笑（排除）

BesidesTom,everyonelaughed.Tom也笑了，其他人也笑了（包含）五、动词+介词固定搭配短语释义短语释义lookat看lookfor寻找waitfor等待askfor请求、索要payfor为……付款hearfrom收到来信hearof听说thinkof想起、认为thinkabout考虑dependon依靠、取决于belongto属于agreewith同意某人arguewith与……争吵laughat嘲笑shoutat冲……大喊pointat指向arrivein到达（大地点：城市/国家）arriveat到达（小地点：车站/学校）六、形容词+介词固定搭配短语释义短语释义goodat擅长badat不擅长afraidof害怕proudof为……自豪fullof充满tiredof厌倦interestedin对……感兴趣strictwith对人严格strictin对事严格differentfrom与……不同thesameas和……相同similarto与……相似friendlyto对……友好politeto对……礼貌【高频失分点】失分点1日期基数词、序数词混用日期数字必须读序数词，书写可简写数字+th/st/nd/rd

错误：Mayfive

正确：May5th（朗读Maythefifth）失分点2时间介词in/on/at混淆判断标准：时长＞一天用in；特指某天用on；具体时刻用at

错误：Hewasbornat2020.

正确：Hewasbornin2020.

错误：Imetherinarainyday.

正确：Imetheronarainyday.失分点3across/through/over辨析错误across：平面横穿；through：立体内部穿过；over：垂直上方越过

错误：Theriverrunsacrossthecity.

正确：Theriverrunsthroughthecity.（河流从城市内部穿过）

错误：Thebirdflewacrossthewall.

正确：Thebirdflewoverthewall.（小鸟从墙上方越过）失分点4except与besides词义混淆except：排除；besides：包含

Tom没到场：AllthestudentswenttotheparkexceptTom.

Tom也到场：AllthestudentswenttotheparkbesidesTom.失分点5分数、百分数主谓一致谓语单复数由of后名词决定

错误：Twothirdsofthewaterwerepolluted.

正确：Twothirdsofthewaterispolluted.（water不可数→单数）

错误：Onethirdofthestudentsisfromcountryside.

正确：Onethirdofthestudentsarefromcountryside.（students复数→复数）失分点6hundred/thousand/million单复数误用有数字不加s；无数字+s+of

错误：threehundredsstudents/hundredofpeople

正确：threehundredstudents/hundredsofpeople【九年级衔接预览】九上Unit2金钱话题：大量价格、百分比、数字表达；九上Unit5数据分析：说明文高频分数、百分数；阅读难点：介词短语作定语、状语识别；拓展倍数句型：A+倍数+as…as/倍数+比较级/倍数+the+名词(size/length)。复习重点：序数词变形、in/on/at辨析、across&through区分、介词固定短语积累。【三级过关精练】过关一・基础达标一、用所给词适当形式填空Thereare________(twelve)monthsinayear.Decemberisthe________(twelve)month.MybirthdayisonJuly________(nine).Aboutthree________(five)ofthestudentsinourclasswearglasses.Mygrandfatherisinhis________(seventy),butheisveryhealthy.PleaseturntoPage________(twenty)andreadthetext.Ourschoolis________(two)largerthantheirs.Inourschool,thereare________(hundred)ofstudents.Thetrainwillarriveata________pasteight.The________(five)questionisthemostdifficult.About60________(percent)ofthestudentsinourclasslikesports.二、单项选择—Whenisyourfather’sbirthday?

—It’son________.

A.Mayfive B.Mayfifth C.fiveMay D.fifthMayThereare________daysinaweekandTuesdayisthe________day.

A.seven;third B.seventh;three C.seven;three D.seventh;thirdAbout________ofthestudentsinourschoolareboys.

A.twothird B.twothirds C.secondthird D.secondthirdsIusuallygetup________6:30________themorning.

A.at;in B.at;on C.in;in D.in;atTheplaneflew________thecloudsandsoondisappeared.

A.across B.above C.over D.throughHehaslivedinthiscity________2018.

A.for B.since C.in D.atEveryonewenttothemuseum________LiMingbecausehewasill.

A.besides B.about C.with D.exceptPleasewritetheletter________English.

A.by B.with C.in D.on—Howsoonwillthemeetingstart?

—________tenminutes.

A.In B.After C.For D.SinceTheman________ablackhatismyuncle.

A.in B.on C.with D.by过关二・能力提升三、填入合适介词Weusuallyhavealongholiday________October.Theoldmangoestothepark________footeverymorning.Thereisabridge________theriver.Peoplecangoacrossit.Iusuallygotoschool________bike,buttodayIcome________bus.Mybestfriendissitting________me.Weareatthesamedesk.四、单项选择Thedoctortoldmetotakethemedicine________aday.

A.two B.twotimes C.second D.twiceThebeautifulpicturewasdrawn________a5-year-oldgirl.

A.with B.by C.in D.forThetrainwent________thetunnelandarrivedatthestation.

A.across B.through C.over D.onWehavestudiedEnglish________threeyears.

A.in B.since C.for D.from—Howsoonwillyoufinishthework?

—________halfanhour.

A.In B.After C.For D.Since________mysurprise,hepassedtheexam.

A.In B.At C.To D.ForThereisabigtree________thehouse.

A.infrontof B.inthefrontof C.atfrontof D.onfrontofHegoestothelibrary________aweek.

A.two B.twice C.second D.twotime________oftheworkhasbeenfinished.

A.Twothirds B.Twothird C.Secondthirds D.SecondthirdThereare________peopleintheparkonweekends.

A.hundredof B.hundredsof C.threehundreds D.threehundredsof过关三・综合突破短文填空：每空填1个词ThecityofLondonhasalonghistory.Itwasfounded________36about2,000yearsago.Today,itisoneofthe________37(large)citiesintheworld.TheRiverThamesruns________38thecityanddividesitintotwoparts.Therearemanybridges________39theriver.ThemostfamousoneisTowerBridge.Londonisfamous________40itsmuseumsandtheatres.Everyyear,millionsoftouristscomehere________41planeorbytrain.TheBritishMuseumisoneofthe________42(big)museumsintheworld.Ithasmorethan8________43(million)objects.IfyouwanttovisitLondon,thebesttimeis________44autumn.Theweatheriscoolandcomfortable.Youcanenjoythebeautifulscenery________45thecityfromtheLondonEye.参考答案与详细解析过关一・基础达标一、词形填空twelve;twelfth解析：第一空表数量用基数词twelve；第二空表顺序“第十二”用序数词twelfth。ninth解析：日期用序数词，nine去e加th变形为ninth。fifths解析：分数分子3＞1，分母fifth加s。seventies解析：inone’s+整十复数，表“七十多岁”。Twenty解析：编号“Page+基数词”，基数词首字母大写。twice解析：twice表示“两倍”，表倍数。hundreds解析：hundredsof固定搭