备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题十一 被动语态

七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题十一被动语态：结构与用法【教材出处】八下Unit4Helpingout：被动语态的基本概念（主动语态与被动语态对比）八下Unit5Lookingintonature：一般现在时被动语态（am/is/are+过去分词）八下Unit6Livingwithnature：一般过去时被动语态（was/were+过去分词）八下Unit3Whatmakesagreatteam?：含情态动词的被动语态（情态动词+be+过去分词）【考点精讲】考点一被动语态的基本概念与结构一、基本概念英语动词分主动、被动两种语态：主动语态：主语是动作执行者

例句：Theboybrokethewindow.男孩打破了窗户。（boy执行break动作）被动语态：主语是动作承受者

例句：Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.窗户被男孩打破了。（window承受break动作）⚠️关键限制：被动语态仅适用于及物动词；happen、takeplace、arrive、die、appear等不及物动词无被动语态。

错误：Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday.

正确：Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.二、基础句式结构被动核心公式：be+及物动词过去分词，be随时态、人称、单复数变化句式类型完整结构例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)Thebookiswrittenbyhim.否定句主语+be+not+过去分词+(by+执行者)Thebookisnotwrittenbyhim.一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by+执行者)?Isthebookwrittenbyhim?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by+执行者)?Whowasthebookwrittenby?补充说明：by+执行者可省略，适用于执行者未知、无需点明的场景。

例：Thewindowwasbroken.（窗户被打碎了，不知道是谁打碎的）三、使用被动语态的三大场景强调动作承受者，弱化动作发出者

Thebridgewasbuiltin2020.重点突出桥梁建造时间，而非建造人。动作执行者不明、无需指明

Mybikewasstolenyesterday.（不知道小偷是谁）

Englishisspokeninmanycountries.（无需说明说话人群）委婉表达，刻意回避执行者

Amistakehasbeenmade.出现了一处失误（不点明是谁犯错）考点二各时态被动语态形式汇总所有时态被动均围绕be+过去分词，仅改变be动词时态时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词Theroomiscleanedeveryday.一般过去时was/were+过去分词Theroomwascleanedyesterday.一般将来时willbe+过去分词/am/is/aregoingtobe+过去分词Theroomwillbecleanedtomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词Theroomisbeingcleanednow.过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词Theroomwasbeingcleanedat8:00lastnight.现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词Theroomhasbeencleanedalready.含情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词Theroommustbecleanednow.中考分层要求：必考：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、情态动词被动；了解：现在进行、过去进行、现在完成时被动。拓展1：过去分词作表语VS被动语态二者形式一致，核心区分：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语强调主语状态被动语态（有by短语/明确动作时间，突出动作）

ThedoorwaslockedbyTomjustnow.门刚刚被汤姆锁上。（强调“锁”这个动作）过去分词作表语（无动作语境，只描述状态）

Thedoorislocked.门是锁着的。（只描述门当前状态）拓展2：口语get型被动口语中可用get替代be表被动，多用于意外、突发小事

Hegothurtintheaccident.他在事故中受伤。

Shegotdressedquickly.她迅速穿好衣服。考点三主动形式表达被动意义一、感官系动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）后接形容词描述主语特征，只用主动，不加被动

Theflowerssmellsweet.花朵闻起来很香。

Thesouptastesdelicious.汤尝起来很美味。

Thisclothfeelssoft.这块布料摸起来柔软。二、表物品属性的不及物动词（sell/write/wash/read/drive/cook）搭配副词，描述物品本身特性，主动表被动

Thebooksellswell.这本书销路很好。

Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔书写顺滑。

Thisshirtwasheseasily.这件衬衫很好洗。三、beworthdoing固定搭配动名词主动形式表被动含义

Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。

Thefilmisworthseeing.这部电影值得一看。拓展：need/require/want+doingdoing主动表被动，等价于needsthtobedone

Theroomneedscleaning.=Theroomneedstobecleaned.房间需要打扫。

Theflowersrequirewatering.=Theflowersrequiretobewatered.花需要浇水。考点四双宾语动词的被动转换主动句结构：主语+动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）

被动有两种转换方式：间接宾语（人）作主语：人+be+过去分词+物

主动：Mymothergavemeabook.

被动：Iwasgivenabookbymymother.直接宾语（物）作主语：物+be+过去分词+to/for+人

主动：Mymothergavemeabook.

被动：Abookwasgiventomebymymother.介词to/for区分表介词动词清单含义togive,send,show,teach,tell,lend,offer传递、给予、告知forbuy,make,cook为某人制作、购买例句：give类（to）

主动：Shegavehimapresent.

被动1：Hewasgivenapresent.

被动2：Apresentwasgiventohim.buy类（for）

主动：Mymotherboughtmeanewcoat.

被动1：Iwasboughtanewcoat.

被动2：Anewcoatwasboughtforme.考点五含情态动词的被动语态基础结构情态动词（must/can/should/may）+be（原形）+过去分词

TheworkmustbefinishedbeforeFriday.这项工作周五前必须完成。

Thewindowcanbeopenedeasily.这扇窗户很容易推开。

Theplanshouldbediscussedcarefully.方案应当仔细研讨。

Theroommaybeusedasameetingroom.这间屋子可当作会议室。否定、疑问变化否定：情态动词+not+be+done

TheworkmustnotbefinishedbeforeFriday.一般疑问：情态动词提前

—MusttheworkbefinishedbeforeFriday?

—Yes,itmust./No,itneedn’t.⚠️易错点：情态动词后be必须用原形，不可变形。【高频失分点】失分点1：遗漏be动词、be时态变形错误误：Thebookwrittenbyhim.

正：Thebookiswrittenbyhim.

解析：被动语态be+过去分词缺一不可，根据时间判断be时态。误：Theroomcleanedyesterday.

正：Theroomwascleanedyesterday.失分点2：不及物动词滥用被动误：Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday.

正：Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.

误：Themeetingwillbetakenplacenextweek.

正：Themeetingwilltakeplacenextweek.

解析：happen/takeplace/arrive/die/appear无被动。失分点3：双宾语被动遗漏to/for或介词混用误：Abookwasgivenmebymymother.

正：Abookwasgiventomebymymother.

误：Acoatwasboughttome.

正：Acoatwasboughtforme.失分点4：感官动词误用被动误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.

正：Thefoodtastesdelicious.

解析：感官动词加形容词，主动表被动，不加be。失分点5：物品属性动词错加被动误：Thebookissoldwell.

正：Thebooksellswell.

解析：sell/write/wash等表物品特性，主动表被动，无be动词。【九年级衔接预览】九上Module5Afinebalance：深化情态动词被动（can/must/shouldbedone）、不定式被动tobedone；九上Module6Livegreen：环保主题综合运用被动语态；复习重点：被动时态结构、主动表被动特殊句型、双宾语被动、情态动词被动。三级过关精练过关一・基础达标一、用所给动词适当形式填空Theroom________(clean)bymymothereveryday.Thebridge________(build)in2005.Thehomework________(finish)soon.Theseflowers________(water)bymyfathereverymorning.Themeeting________(hold)yesterday.English________(speak)inmanycountries.Anewschool________(build)inourtownnextyear.Thewindows________(wash)byTomeveryweek.Thebook________(write)byafamouswriter.Thechildren________(take)totheparkbytheirteacherlastSunday.二、单项选择Theroom________bymysistereveryday.

A.cleans B.cleaned C.iscleaned D.wascleanedThenovel________in2010.

A.publishes B.published C.ispublished D.waspublishedTheseplants________everythreedays.

A.water B.watered C.arewatered D.werewateredThefood________delicious.

A.tastes B.istasted C.taste D.aretastedThework________byusnextweek.

A.finishes B.isfinished C.willfinish D.willbefinishedAnewlibrary________inourschoolsoon.

A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.willbebuiltThebook________well.

A.sells B.issold C.sold D.wassoldI________anewbikebymyfatheryesterday.

A.gave B.wasgiven C.wasgiving D.havegivenThewindow________byTomjustnow.

A.breaks B.broke C.isbroken D.wasbrokenTheflowers________everymorning.

A.water B.watered C.arewatered D.werewatered过关二・能力提升三、用所给动词适当形式填空Theroom________(clean)whenIcamein.Thework________(mustfinish)byFriday.Thehouse________(build)ofwoodandstone.Thiskindofcloth________(wash)easily.Anewschool________(build)inmyhometownatthistimelastyear.四、单项选择Thebook________bymanypeoplesinceitcameout.

A.reads B.isread C.hasbeenread D.wasreadThiskindofcar________inChina.

A.makes B.ismade C.made D.wasmadeThemeeting________tomorrow.

A.holds B.isheld C.willbeheld D.washeldTheproblem________atthemeetingnextMonday.

A.discusses B.isdiscussed C.willbediscussedD.wasdiscussedTheboy________tothehospitalbyhisfatheryesterday.

A.takes B.took C.istaken D.wastakenThework________intwodays.

A.finishes B.finished C.willbefinished D.hasbeenfinishedThiskindofpen________smoothly.

A.writes B.iswritten C.wrote D.waswrittenThebook________worth________.

A.is;read B.is;reading C.are;reading D.are;readI________agiftbymyfriendonmybirthday.

A.gave B.wasgiven C.wasgiving D.havegivenThewindow________bytheboy.Hebrokeitjustnow.

A.isbroken B.broke C.hasbroken D.wasbroken过关三・综合突破五、短文填空：用括号内动词正确形式（主动/被动）TheGreatWall________36(know)asoneofthegreatestwondersoftheworld.It________37(build)over2,000yearsago.Thewall________38(make)ofstoneandearth.It________39(say)thatthewallcan________40(see)fromspace,butthisisnottrue.Everyyear,millionsofpeople________41(attract)bytheGreatWallandcometovisitit.Manypartsofthewall________42(repair)inrecentyears.Thewall________43(visit)bypeoplefromallovertheworld.It________44(consider)asymbolofChinesecivilization.Ifyou________45(invite)tovisitChina,theGreatWallisaplacethatyoucannotmiss.参考答案与解析过关一・基础达标一、动词填空iscleaned解析：everyday一般现在时被动，主语单数wasbuilt解析：in2005过去时间，一般过去被动willbefinished/isgoingtobefinished解析：soon表将来arewatered解析：everymorning一般现在被动，主语复数washeld解析：yesterday过去时，hold过去分词heldisspoken解析：客观事实，一般现在被动willbebuilt/isgoingtobebuilt解析：nextyear将来arewashed解析：everyweek一般现在被动，复数主语iswritten解析：客观介绍，一般现在被动weretaken解析：lastSunday过去时，children复数二、单项选择Ceveryday一般现在被动，单数主语Din2010过去时间，一般过去被动Ceverythreedays经常性动作，复数主语一般现在被动Ataste感官动词主动表被动，food单数用tastesDnextweek将来，work为承受者用将来被动Dsoon将来，library单数将来被动Asellwell表物品