2025年福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试英语复习指导：专题二 词汇.课件

专题二

词汇CONTENT目录考纲要求01知识精讲02综合训练03考纲要求01考纲要求掌握《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)附录5收录的约2490个词汇,包含九年义务教育阶段和中等职业教育阶段基础模块、职业模块及拓展模块的词汇。能借助词典等资源,理解词汇在语篇中的意义;了解常见词根和词缀;掌握常见构词法,如合成法和派生法等;能利用所学词汇,就熟悉话题表达个人的交际需求。考核目标与要求01考生应掌握九年义务教育阶段和中等职业教育阶段基础模块、职业模块及拓展模块的词汇;应通过学习词汇的用法,积累词块,借助构词法扩展词汇量,并在语言实践活动中有效运用所学词汇知识,发展词汇应用能力。考试范围与要求02知识精讲02知识精讲词汇是构成语言最基本的材料,在英语学习中词汇占据很重要的地位,英语交流也是通过词汇来实现的。学好词汇对理解阅读材料和写作均有益处。学业水平考试的重点是掌握单词或词组的特定含义并能在实际语境中应用。在英语学习中除了重视提高记忆和使用英语词汇及词组的能力外,还应该注意以下几点。1.学习单词时,搭配其短语一起学。4.注意总结归纳和辨析易混单词,准确掌握每个词汇的含义。3.掌握常见的构词法,熟知英语中常见的词根或词缀,有助于记忆单词。2.学会在语境中理解单词或词组的含义,大胆猜测单词的意思。知识精讲知识点一

派生法一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原词意义相近或截然相反的新词,这个新词叫派生词,这种构词法叫派生法。1.前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。例如:前缀含义例词a-处在……arise,aside,aloneauto-自动的automatic,automobileanti-反对,抵抗antifreeze,antinuclearbi-两个bicycle,biennial,bilingualco-共同co-worker,cooperate,co-exist,co-education知识精讲前缀含义例词de-向相反方向发展Decentralize(分散),defrost(解冻)dis-不,否定disbelieve,disagree,dishonest,disappear,disorderen-使可能enrich,enable,enlarge,encourageex-以前的ex-husband,ex-presidentin-不,非inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrect,inaccurateim-impossible,imbalance,impersonal,impolite,impracticalir-irregular,irresponsibleil-illogical,illegalinter-相互,之间international,interactkilo-千kilometer,kilogram知识精讲前缀含义例词micro-极小的,微小的microwave,microcomputermis-错误的,坏的misbehave,mislead,mistake,misunderstand,misfortunemulti-多,多种multiply,multinational,multicolor,multiculturalnon-不,非non-existent,non-smoker,non-stopover-太多,过分overwork,overdo,overestimatere-重复,再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,rethink,retellself-自己,本身self-centered,self-confident,self-controlsemi-半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automaticsub-下,次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subwaysuper-在上面,超级supermarket,superpower知识精讲前缀含义例词tele-远程的telephone,telegraph,telescopetrans-过,穿过,变transformation(变形),translatetri三个triangle(三角形),tricycle(三轮脚踏车),triplets(三胞胎)un-不,表相反意义unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untieunder-在……之下underline,underestimate,undergroundvice-副vice-premier,vice-president知识精讲知识点一

派生法2.后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近但词性不同的新词;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原词词义相反的新词。形容词后缀含义例词-able可……的,具有……的reasonable,knowledgeable,believable,comfortable,forgettable,acceptable-al与……有关的physical,magical,political,central,industrial,national,natural-an属于某地方的人European,American,Australian,African-ern方向eastern,northern,southern-ful有……的helpful,careful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,useful（1）形容词后缀知识精讲形容词后缀含义例词-ive有……倾向的attractive,expensive,destructive,collective,active,creative,effective-y表天气,状态noisy,dusty,thirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-less没有……的careless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless-en由……制成的golden,wooden,woolen-ous有……(性质)的dangerous,poisonous,courageous,famous,continuous,serious,various-some引起……的troublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-like像……的childlike,womanlike,manlike-ant有……(性质)的ignorant,significant,observant,important-ent有……(性质)的diligent,silent,excellent,frequent知识精讲形容词后缀含义例词-ly以……方式;有……性质的lively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-ish像……似的,有……性质的childish,foolish,selfish(2)名词后缀名词后缀含义例词-ence性质,状态difference-er/-or……的人(或物)writer,farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container-ese某国(人)的Chinese,Japanese-ess女性,雌性hostess,actress,princess知识精讲名词后缀含义例词-ian某国、某地人;精通……的人musician,Asian,Russian,technician-ist专业人员physicist,scientist,communist,socialist-ment行为,状态government,movement,achievement-ness性质,状态illness,sadness,carelessness-tion动作,状态,结果invention,organization,translation-th性质,情况depth,warmth,truth-ful(满的)量handful,spoonful,mouthful-(a)bility抽象,性质,状态possibility,disability,reliability知识精讲名词后缀含义例词-y性质,情况modesty,delivery,honesty-dom处于……状态;性质freedom,boredom-age状态,行为,身份,结果courage,storage,marriage(3)副词后缀副词后缀含义例词-ward(s)向……upwards,forward,northward(s),backwards,downwards-ly方式,程度slowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily知识精讲动词后缀含义例词-ize使成为apologize,specialize,realize,modernize,mechanize,criticize-en使……变得widen,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,shorten,deepen-fy/-ify变为,……化simplify,beautify,terrify,purify(5)数词后缀数词后缀含义例词-teen十几fourteen,eighteen,thirteen,fifteen,nineteen-ty整十位数forty,fifty,sixty,ninety-th序数词fourth,twelfth,twentieth(4)动词后缀知识精讲知识点二

合成法由两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法,合成的词叫作合成词。合成词一般看其词知其意。构成方式例词n.+n.horseback,banknote,newspaper,cellphoneadj.+n.backyard,forehead,greenhouse,highwayv.+n.;n.+v.typewriter,pickpocket,daybreakadv.+n.overcoat,outsidev.-ing+n.;n.+v.-inglivingroom,freezingpoint,handwriting1.合成名词知识精讲构成方式例词v.+adv.;adv.+v.breakthrough,outbreak,outcome,overflown.+prep.+n.sister-in-law,editor-in-chief2.合成形容词构成方式例词adj.+adj.red-hotadj.+n.;n.+adj.first-class,full-time,part-time,world-famous,day-longadj.+v.-inggood-looking,free-thinking,easy-goingadj.+v.-edready-madeadj.+n.-edgood-tempered,high-heeled,cold-blooded,warm-hearted,absent-minded知识精讲构成方式例词n.+n.-ediron-willedn.+to+n.face-to-face,door-to-doorn.+v.-ingbeauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,peace-loving,English-speakingn.+v.-edman-made,water-covered,sun-burntadv.+adj.ever-green,over-anxiousadv.+v.-inghard-working,far-seeing,far-reachingadv.+v.-edwell-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known,well-informed,widespreadnum.+n.five-year,one-way,five-starnum.+n.+adj.five-year-old,800-meter-longnum.+n.-edfour-legged,six-storied知识精讲构成方式例词n.+v.daydream,babysit,sleepwalkadv.+v.overcome,upturn,outnumber,underestimate,overworkadj.+v.whitewash4.合成副词构成方式例词adj.+n.meanwhileadj.+adv.everywhere,nowhereadv.+adv.however,wherever,wheneverprep.+n.beforehand,overheadprep.+adv.forever3.合成动词知识精讲构成方式例词pron.+self/selvesherself,themselves,myself,yourselvesadj.+n.anything,nothing,nobody,somethingpron.+adv.whoever,whatever6.合成介词构成方式例词adv.+n.inside,outsideprep.+adv.;adv.+prep.without,within,into5.合成代词综合训练1.Sheofferedsomeusefuladvice.A.建议B.通知C.通告2.Whatabraveboyheis!A.可爱的B.勇敢的C.聪明的3.WeplantocallonourteacherthisSunday.A.参观B.联系C.拜访4.Tomwantstobecomeafamouswriter.A.熟悉的B.著名的C.满意的5.Thisfactoryproducesmanykindsofcars.A.生产B.销售C.出