初中英语：非谓语动词全攻略不定式-动名词-分词一次分清

初中英语：非谓语动词全攻略，不定式/动名词/分词一次分清一、先搞懂：什么是非谓语动词？我们平时用的动词，放在主语后面充当谓语，体现时态、人称和数，比如Heplaysfootball.这里的plays就是谓语动词。而非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不充当句子谓语的动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，但可以在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分，相当于名词、形容词、副词。初中阶段重点掌握三类非谓语：动词不定式：todo（带to的动词原形）动名词：doing（动词+ing，具备名词性质）分词：现在分词doing（表主动、进行）、过去分词done（表被动、完成）二、考点精讲1：动词不定式todo✅基本结构肯定形式：to+动词原形；否定形式：nottodo（否定词not直接加在to前面）✅核心句法功能（中考常考）1.作主语直接作主语：TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.（学好英语很重要）初中更常用形式主语it，避免句子头重脚轻：Itis+形容词+todosth.（做某事是……的）例句：Itisnecessarytokeepreadingeveryday.（每天坚持阅读很有必要）2.作宾语部分动词后只能接todo作宾语，这些词是必背考点，直接记牢：want,hope,wish,decide,plan,learn,agree,refuse,promise,choose,fail,prepare例句：Shehopestobecomeadoctor.（她希望成为一名医生）3.作表语常放在be动词后，说明主语的内容、梦想、计划等。例句：Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworld.（我的梦想是环游世界）4.作定语放在名词后面，修饰名词，表将来要做的事。例句：Ihavealotofhomeworktodotonight.（今晚我有很多作业要做）5.作状语（必考）主要表目的，可搭配inordertodo（为了做某事），也是句型转换常考点。例句：Hegetsupearlytocatchthebus.=Hegetsupearlyinordertocatchthebus.（他早起赶公交车）固定结果状语：too…to…（太……而不能）、…enoughto…（足够……去做）6.作宾语补足语常见搭配：ask/tell/want/allow/encouragesb.todosth.（让/告诉/想要某人做某事）否定形式：ask/tellsb.nottodosth.（告诉某人不要做某事）✅重点坑点：省略to的不定式两类动词后接不定式作宾补，要省略to，中考逢考必出：1.感官动词：see,watch,notice,hear,listento,feel搭配：seesb.dosth.（看见某人做了某事，强调动作全过程）2.使役动词：make,let,have搭配：makesb.dosth.（让某人做某事）⚠️特别提醒：被动语态中，省略的to要还原回来！例句：Thebossmadehimworklonghours.（主动）→Hewasmadetoworklonghours.（被动）三、考点精讲2：动名词doing动名词是动词+ing形式，本质相当于名词，在句子里可以充当名词能做的所有成分，和现在分词写法一样，但用法完全不同，注意区分。✅核心句法功能1.作主语Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.（在阳光下看书对眼睛不好）2.作宾语（中考重中之重）大量动词和固定短语后，只能接doing作宾语，务必死记硬背，这是最易丢分的考点：finish,practice,enjoy,mind,keep,avoid,suggest,miss固定短语：giveup,lookforwardto,payattentionto,beusedto（习惯于）,bebusy,havetrouble(in)例句：Ienjoylisteningtomusicinmyfreetime.（我空闲时间喜欢听音乐）Sheisusedtogettingupearly.（她习惯早起）3.作表语Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.（我的爱好是集邮）4.作定语修饰名词，表用途，aswimmingpool（游泳池），areadingroom（阅览室）四、考点精讲3：分词（现在分词doing+过去分词done）分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，常作定语、表语、宾补、状语，核心区别看主被动和状态。1.现在分词doing✅含义：表主动、进行，修饰物时表示“令人……的”作定语：asleepingboy（一个正在睡觉的男孩）作表语：Themovieisveryinteresting.（这部电影很有趣）作宾补：seesb.doingsth.（看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行）2.过去分词done✅含义：表被动、完成，修饰人时表示“感到……的”作定语：abrokencup（一个打碎的杯子），awrittenreport（一份书面报告）作表语：Iaminterestedinscience.（我对科学感兴趣）五、易混对比：非谓语高频易错短语（中考必背）很多同学丢分，都栽在这些长得像、意思差很多的搭配上，整理好直接背：stoptodo：停下来（手头的事）去做另一件事；stopdoing：停止正在做的事remembertodo：记得要去做某事（未做）；rememberdoing：记得做过某事（已做）forgettodo：忘记要去做某事（未做）；forgetdoing：忘记做过某事（已做）trytodo：尽力去做某事；trydoing：试着做某事seesb.do：看见某人做了某事（全过程）；seesb.doing：看见某人正在做某事（动作进行）六、做题秒判口诀，一眼选答案掌握技巧，不用死记硬背也能做对，牢记这个判断口诀：介词后面一律接doing固定搭配单独记，todo和doing不混淆表目的、将来，首选todo作定语表语，主动用doing，被动用done谓语让做用原形，被动语态要还to七、初中非谓语高频句型汇总It’s+形容词+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.too…todo…/…enoughtodo…ask/tell/wantsb.(not)todosth.make/let/havesb.dosth.finish/practice/enjoy/minddoingsth.lookforwardtodoingsth.beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事bebusydoingsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.练习题一、用所给词的适当形式填空It’seasy________(learn)Englishwell.Hedecides________(visit)hisgrandparentsnextweek.Sheenjoys________(listen)tolightmusic.Myhobbyis________(draw)pictures.It’stoolate.Let’s________(go)homenow.Theboyisinterestedin________(play)basketball.Ihope________(get)goodgradesintheexam.Heoftenhelpsme________(study)math.Stop________(talk).Theteacheriscoming.Shepractices________(speak)Englisheverymorning.It’sbadforyou________(eat)toomuchjunkfood.Theyplan________(travel)toBeijingthissummer.Doyoumind________(open)thewindow?Hewants________(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.Remember________(turn)offthelightsbeforeyouleave.Ifinish________(do)myhomeworkat9o’clock.Thefilmisso________(interest).Heismade________(work)fortenhoursaday.Welookforwardto________(meet)youagain.Try________(do)itinthisway.It’seasier.Isawhim________(enter)theroomjustnow.Shekeeps________(exercise)tokeephealthy.It’stimeforus________(have)lunch.Herefused________(help)thelazyboy.Forget________(do)yourhomework?You’llbepunished.The________(break)windowneedsrepairing.Theyagree________(share)thefoodwitheachother.Sheisbusy________(prepare)forthetest.Iheardsomeone________(sing)inthenextroom.Lethim________(finish)theworkalone.二、单项选择It’simportant________healthyfoodeveryday.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.eatsMybrotherlikes________chessinhisfreetime.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.playedTheteachertoldus________quietinclass.A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept—Doyouenjoy________TV?—Yes,Ido.A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watchedHeoftenhelpshismother________thehousework.A.doB.todoC.doingD.AandBRemember________theletterforme.A.postB.topostC.postingD.postedThelittlegirlistooyoung________herself.A.dressB.todressC.dressingD.dressesIsawhim________basketballontheplaygroundyesterday.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.playsWeshouldstop________toomuchmeat.It’sunhealthy.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.ateHepractices________Englisheverymorning.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spokeMydreamis________afamouswriter.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.beenWouldyoumind________thedoor?A.closeB.tocloseC.closingD.closedThebossmadetheworkers________allday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.workedIlookforwardto________yousoon.A.seeB.toseeC.seeingD.sawHetried________uplate,buthefailed.A.notgetB.nottogetC.notgettingD.tonotgetSheisusedto________earlyeverymorning.A.getupB.gettingupC.gotupD.getsupIt’scleverofyou________theproblem.A.solveB.tosolveC.solvingD.solvedInoticedaboy________underthetree.A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stoodWehavenothing________butwait.A.doB.todoC.doingD.didHefinished________thebooklastweek.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.readsThestoryisvery________.Allofusare________.A.interesting;interestedB.interested;interestingC.interesting;interestingD.interested;interestedTellhim________loudlyinthelibrary.A.nottalkB.nottotalkC.don’ttalkD.nottalkingHeistootired________on.A.walkB.towalkC.walkingD.walksIoftenhearher________inthenextroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sangTheydecided________tothepark.A.goB.togoC.goingD.wentKeep________hard,andyou’llsucceed.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.workedShedoesn’tmind________byothers.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.beinglaughedHewants________anewbike.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.buysIt’sbadforeyes________inthesun.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.readsLet’s________arest.Wearetired.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.has三、句子改写It’simportantthatweshouldlearnEnglish.（同义句）It’simportant________________________English.Hegetsupearlysothathecancatchthebus.（同义句）Hegetsupearly________________thebus.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.（同义句）Theboyis________young________gotoschool.Isawthathewentintotheoffice.（同义句）Isaw________________intotheoffice.Helikesreadingbooksbest.（同义句）________________ishishobby.Sheoftenhelpsmedomyhomework.（同义句）Sheoftenhelpsme________myhomework.Remembertoclosethewindow.（同义句）Don’t________________closethewindow.Wehadagoodtimeinthepark.（同义句）Weenjoyed________inthepark.HestartedlearningEnglishat5.（同义句）Hestarted________________Englishat5.Thefilmisverymoving.（同义句）Thefilmisvery________.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.（同义句）Idon’tknow________________________next.Theymakehimwork12hoursaday.（被动句）He________________________work12hoursaday.Stoptalking,please.（同义句）Stop________________,please.Heisstrongenoughtocarrythebox.（同义句）Heis________strong________hecancarrythebox.Ifindthatitiseasytolearnmath.（同义句）Ifind________easy________________math.Shelikesswimmingbetterthanrunning.（同义句）She________swimming________running.CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?（同义句）Canyoutellmehow________________there?Heforgotthathedidhishomework.（同义句）Heforgot________hishomework.Wehavemuchhomeworktodo.（同义句）Wehave________________homeworktodo.Theboyissleeping.（同义句）The________boyisquiet.答案一、填空答案1.tolearn2.tovisit3.listening4.drawing5.go6.playing7.toget8.(to)study9.talking10.speaking11.toeat12.totravel13.opening14.tobe15.toturn16.doing17.interesting18.towork19.meeting20.doing21.enter22.exercising23.tohave24.tohelp25.todo26.broken27.toshare28.preparing29.sing/singing30.finish二、选择答案1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D6.B7.B8.A9.C10.C11.B12.C13.A14.C15.B16.B17.B18.C19.B20.C21.A22.B23.B24.A25.B26.C27.D28.B29.B30.A三、句子改写答案1.forustolearn2.tocatch3.too;to4.himgo5.Readingbooks3.with7.forgetto8.ourselves9.tolearn10.interesting11.whattodo12.ismadeto13.tospeak14.so;that15.it;tolearn16.prefers;to17.toget18.doing19.lotsof20.sleeping既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词1.remembertodosth.记住要做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）Remembertoclosethedoor,please.记着关门.Irememberclosingthedoor.我记得关了门了.2.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（已做）Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了.Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了.3.regrettodo