2025~2026学年河南省安鹤新联盟高二下学期5月联考英语试卷

2025~2026学年河南省安鹤新联盟高二下学期5月联考英语试卷一、阅读理解SustainableCampusInitiative:StudentProjectGrantsTheUniversitySustainabilityOffice(USO)invitesstudentstosubmitproposalsforinnovativeprojectsaimedatreducingourcarbonfootprint.Thisinitiativeencouragesstudentstothinkcreativelyabouthowtheycanmakeatangibleenvironmentalimpactoncampus.GrantLevels:SeedGrant(Upto$500):Thisgrantisdesignedforindividualswhowanttoleadawarenesscampaignsorsmall-scaleprojects,suchaspilotrecyclingprogramsorsingle-useplasticreductioncampaigns.Theseinitiativescansignificantlyraiseawarenessaboutsustainabilityissuesamongstudentsandstaff,providingthefirststepinbroaderenvironmentalaction.ImpactGrant($501-$3,000):Forprojectsinvolvingatleasttwodepartments,thisgrantsupportscollaborativeeffortsaimedatbringingabouttangiblechangesincampusinfrastructure.Examplesincludeenergy-savinglightingsystems,wastediversionprojects,orsustainability-focusedrenovations.Theaimistohavemeasurable,long-lastingimpactonthecampusenvironment.LegacyGrant($3,000+):Thisgrantsupportslong-termsolutionsthathavethepotentialtobeimplementedacrossallcampuses.Legacyprojectsmusthaveclear,permanentenvironmentalbenefitsandareexpectedtocontinueevenaftertheinitialfundingperiod.Theseprojectsrequirethesupportofafacultyadvisor,demonstratingtheiracademicorinstitutionalsignificance.KeyDates(2026):April15:Proposalsubmissiondeadline.May10:Shortlistedcandidateswillbenotifiedforaninterview.June1:Fundingawarded.EvaluationCriteria:Originality(30%):Doestheprojectofferafreshperspectivethatcaninspireothers?Scalability(40%):Istherepotentialtoexpandthisprojecttoothercampusesorinstitutions?Cost-efficiency(30%):Dotheenvironmentalbenefitsjustifytheproject’sbudgetandinvestment?Note:Projectsthatarepurelytheoreticalwithoutapracticalapplicationoncampuswillnotbeconsidered.AllequipmentpurchasedwiththegrantremainsthepropertyoftheUSOandmustbeusedforthedesignatedproject.1.WhatdoesaprojectneedtogetaLegacyGrant?

A．Aplasticreductioncampaign.B．Aminimumtwo-yeartimeline.C．Aprofessionalrecommendation.D．Across-departmentalcooperation.2.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthe“Scalability”criterion?

A．Balancebetweencostandbenefits.B．Creativitybehindthestudent’sidea.C．Directinfluenceonthelocalcampus.D．Potentialforwiderprojectapplication.3.Whichprojectwilllikelyberejected?

A．Astudentpaperonglobalwarminghistory.B．Aplanforsolarbenchesinthecentralpark.C．Ateamefforttobanplasticstrawsincanteens.D．Anappfordormstudentstoshareleftoverfood.Everythingwasgreat—untilitwasn’t.Ittookmeawhiletonoticethingswerechanging.Mybelovedmagazineswerestrugglingtosurvive.Theeditors,photographers,andpublicationsIadmiredwerebeingelbowedoutbyInstagraminfluencersandYouTubetutorials.ThesechangesIcouldlivewith.Ihadspentmylifeadapting.Whatprovedhardertoacceptwerechangesinsidemyowncompany.Foryears,Ibuiltmycosmetics(化妆品)brand,andmymessagewasdirect—beyourself,onlybetter.However,asthecompanyexpandedworldwide,anewmanagementteambroughtastrongerfocusonglobaltrendsandprofits.Meetingsgrewlargerandmoreformal,dominatedbychartsandforecastsinsteadofconversationsaboutrealcustomers.WhileIunderstoodtheneedforgrowth,Isensedthatouroriginalvisionwasslowlyfading.TheturningpointcameduringadiscussionaboutgainingabiggershareoftheAsianmarket.Managerspointedoutthatskin-whiteningwasatop-sellingcategorythere.“Ifwedon’tenterit,”theysaid,“wewon’tremaincompetitive.”Theirreasoningwaspracticalanddata-driven.Butthesuggestionunsettledmedeeply.Formorethantwentyyears,Ihadencouragedwomentochoosefoundationthatmatchedtheirnaturalskintone.LaunchingawhiteningproductseemedtocontradicteverythingIstoodfor.Iconsidermyselfareasonableperson,butI’mafighterwhenIbelieveinsomething.Soinsteadofrejectingtheideaoutright,Iaskedquestions.Whydidcustomerswantwhiteningcream?Theanswerwasthattheywantedbrighter-lookingskin.Thatdistinctionmattered.Brighteningskintoenhanceitsglowwasnotthesameaschangingitscolor.Afterlongdiscussions,wereachedanagreement:wewouldcreateabrighteningproductfocusedonglow,notonmakingskinlighter.Iinsistedthatourmessagewouldneversuggestwomenneededtoalterwhotheywere.Theexperiencetaughtmethatbusinessexpansionoftentestspersonalprinciples.Followingtrendsmayincreaseprofits,butprotectingcorevaluesbuildslastingtrust.Evenastheworldchangedaroundme,Iremainedcommittedtothebeliefthattruebeautydoesnotrequirebecomingsomeoneelse.4.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whattroubledtheauthormost?

A．Mediaevolution.B．Marketcompetition.C．Corporateshifts.D．Onlinetrends.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph3?

A．Thediscussion.B．TheAsianmarket.C．Thereasoning.D．Theskin-whiteningcategory.6.Howdidtheauthoreventuallybridgethegapwiththemanagers?

A．Byprioritizingdata.B．Byfollowingthetrends.C．Bychangingtheproduct’sgoal.D．Byofferingmorechoices.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Businessexpansionoftenresultsinhighcosts.B．Stayingtruetooneselfisessentialinbusiness.C．Marketingpoweriskeytoreachingglobalcustomers.D．Survivingthedigitalagerequiresconstantadaptation.Fordecades,scientistsbelievedthatcognitivelydemandingtasks,suchaswritingorsolvingmathproblems,requiremoreenergythaneasiertaskslikescrollingshortvideosonthephoneorlookingoutofthewindow.However,recentresearchprovestheviewwrong.Ourbrainsperformmassivelycomplexcomputationsalldaylong.“Whetheryou’reengagedinacognitivelydemandingtaskatworkoryou’restaringintospace,yourbrainisusingroughlythesameamountofenergy,”saysneuroscientist(神经科学家)ToddBraverofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Infact,whatfeelsmorechallengingiswhenataskrequiresthebraintogoagainstitsusualhabits.Cognitivelydemandingworkoftenrequiresthecooperationofmanydifferentbrainregionsinnewpatterns.Studieshavefoundthatpushingagainstourbrain’shabitscausesanemotionalresponse,makingusfeeluncomfortable.“It’sunpleasant,anditjustfeelsbad,”saysMichaelInzlicht,apsychologistfromtheUniversityofToronto.Buthepointsoutthatemotionalresponsesaresubjective:theyareinterpretationsofsensationsinourbodiesandbrains.Andwecaninfluencehowmuchwepayattentiontothesesensationsandevenhowweinterpretthem.Weoftenoverestimate(高估)thestruggleandpainrequiredtocompletecognitivetasks.Thisinitialoverestimationcanleadustoputoff,orevenavoidthetasktotally.Studiessuggestthatifwecangetpastthatinitialhurdleofstartingatask,thenthinkingbecomeseasier.Onewaytodothatistopayattentiontothebenefitsinsteadoftheeffortsrequired.InastudypublishedinthejournalSciencein2020,AndrewWestbrook,aneuroscientistatRutgersUniversity,andhiscolleaguesgaveparticipantsthechoiceofsolvinganeasymemorypuzzleforasmallamountofmoneyoramuchharderpuzzleformoremoney.Theoptionsweredisplayedonascreen,andparticipants’eyemovementsweretrackedastheydecidedwhichpuzzletoattempt.Whenpeoplespentmoretimelookingattherewardforthechallengingpuzzle,theyweremorelikelytochooseit.Ifourmind’seye,orourattentionalfocus,isonthebenefitsofanoption,overtimewe’remorelikelytochoosetodohardthings.Performingcomplexmentaltaskswillalsobelesspainfulifweoftenusementaleffort.Whenwedon’thavetomakeadecisiontofocuseveryday,wewillsaveourselvesconsideringthecostsorconsequences.Tomakecognitivelydemandingtasksahabit,trytodothemeverydayatthesametimeandinthesameplace.Addaritual(仪式，惯例)beforetheworkstarts,suchasturningoffthephone.Afterafewweeks,concentratingdeeplywon’tjustfeeleasier,itwillactuallybeeasier.8.Whydopeopletendtofeelcertaincognitivetasksdemanding?

A．Becausetheyconsumemuchmorebrainenergy.B．Becausetheyinvolvemorecomplexcomputations.C．Becausetheyareobjectivelymuchmoredifficult.D．Becausetheyrequirenewbrainregionteamwork.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdle”inparagraph6mean?

A．Benefit.B．Barrier.C．Routine.D．Reward.10.Whydoestheauthorquotethe2020study?

A．Tosupportasolution.B．Topresentacase.C．Toanalyzethecauses.D．Tochallengeanassumption.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Overestimationpromotesefficiency.B．Personalperceptiondeterminesperformance.C．Focusingonrewardsenhancesmotivation.D．Brainreactiontriggerspositiveemotions.Formuchofthe20thcentury,nostalgia(怀旧)wasconsideredbythemedicalcommunityasaneurologicaldisorder,aformofdepression.However,contemporaryneuroscientificresearchhasredefinedthisemotion,revealingitasacomplexpsychologicalresourcethatplaysasignificantroleinmaintainingmentalwell-beingandcognitivecontinuity.Modernstudieshavefoundtheneuralcorrelationsofnostalgia.Whenindividualsrecallnostalgicmemories,thereisobviousactivationinthemedialprefrontalcortex(皮层),aregionrelatedtoself-reflectionandrecallofpersonalexperience.Atthesametime,thebrain’srewardsystemreleasesdopamine(多巴胺).Thisneurochemicalreactionsuggeststhatnostalgiaisnotmerelyapassivereflectiononthepast,butanactivemechanismthatgeneratespositiveeffecttoreducepresentdepression.Oneofthemostprofoundfunctionsofnostalgiaisitsabilitytoincreaseone’ssenseof“self-continuity.”Lifeisfullofdisturbingchanges—movingtoanewcity,changingcareers,orlosingalovedone—thatcanbreakouridentity.Nostalgiaactsasapsychologicalbuffer(缓冲物),bridgingthegapbetweenourpastandpresentselves.Byrevisitingcherishedmemories,individualsconfirmtheircorevaluesandnarrativeidentity,therebyreducingpresentanxiety.Researchindicatesthatindividualsfilledwithnostalgicreflectionsdemonstrategreateroptimismaboutthefutureandhigherresilienceagainststress.Furthermore,nostalgiaservesavitalsocialfunction.Itisinherentlysocial;nostalgicnarrativesalmostunavoidablyinvolvesignificantothers—family,friends,orimportantlifeeventssharedwithpeers.Thisrecallcausesthereleaseofoxytocin,oftenreferredtoasthe“bondinghormone,”whichenhancesfeelingsofempathyandtrust.Consequently,nostalgiacanreducelonelinessbyfosteringasenseofsocialconnectedness,evenwhenoneisphysicallyisolated.Itremindsusthatweareembeddedinawebofmeaningfulrelationshipsthatstandthetestoftime.However,themechanismisnotwithoutitsnuances.Whileadaptivenostalgiapromotespsychologicalhealth,excessivereflectiononanidealizedpastcanleadtomaladaptive(不适应的)behaviors,preventingindividualsfromengagingwithcurrentrealities.Thekeyliesinthebrain’sabilitytointegratethesememoriespositively.Asneuroscientistscontinuetomapthecomplexpathwaysofmemoryandemotion,itbecomesincreasinglyclearthatlookingbackwardisoftenthemosteffectivewayforthehumanbraintopushitselfforward.12.Accordingtothepassage,howhastheperceptionofnostalgiachangedovertime?

A．Itwasonceconsideredaphysicalillnessbutisnowseenasaneurologicaldisorder.B．Itwaspreviouslyviewedasamentalweaknessbutisnowrecognizedasapsychologicalasset.C．Ithasalwaysbeenregardedasasignofdepressionandmelancholia.D．Itwasthoughttobebeneficialinthepastbutisnowconsideredharmfultomentalhealth.13.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheroleofdopamineinnostalgicexperiences?

A．Itisresponsibleforthefragmentationofidentityduringstressfultransitions.B．Itcausesindividualstolosetouchwiththeirautobiographicalmemories.C．Itcontributestothepositiveemotionalresponsegeneratedbyrecallingthepast.D．Itinhibitstheactivityofthemedialprefrontalcortexduringself-reflection.14.Theauthormentions“self-continuity”inParagraph3toexplain.

A．hownostalgiahelpsmaintainastablesenseofidentityamidstlifechangesB．whypeopletendtoforgettheirpastwhentheymovetonewcitiesC．thebiologicalprocessofmemoryretrievalinthehumanbrainD．thedifferencebetweenexistentialanxietyandgeneralstress15.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Nostalgiaisadouble-edgedswordthatprimarilycausespeopletodwellonthepastandignorethepresent.B．Thereleaseofoxytocinisthesolereasonwhynostalgiaiseffectiveintreatingsocialisolationandloneliness.C．Neurosciencerevealsthatnostalgiaisacomplex,adaptivemechanismthatbenefitsmentalhealthandsocialconnection.D．Functionalmagneticresonanceimaginghasproventhatnostalgiaisidenticaltothebrain’srewardsystem.FloreanaIslandusedtobehometoitsownspeciesofgianttortoise(陆龟).ButbecausetheGalapagosisinthemiddleofthesea,ithaslongbeenastoppingplaceforsailors.Inthe1800s,thesetortoiseswerehuntedforfoodbysailors,pirates,andsettlers.16Sailorsandpiratesalsobroughtanimalsthatweren’tfromGalapagos,likerats,cats,andgoats.Overtime,these“introduced”animalshavewipedoutorthreatenedmanyoftheanimalsthatmakeGalapagosspecial.ButtheGalapagosNationalParkandothergroupshavebeenworkingtoprotecttheislandsandthespecialplantsandanimalsthatlivethere.Between1997and2006,expertsworkedtogetridofthelargerintroducedanimalsonmanyoftheGalapagosislands.In2023,aspecialeffortonFloreanaalsohelpedgetridoftheratsandwildcats.17Thenumbersofseveralnativebirdspeciesarealreadyincreasing.AndtheGalapagosrail,abirdwhichhadn’tbeenseenontheislandfornearly200years,hasbeenspottedagain.RemovingtheintroducedanimalsalsomadeitsafefortortoisestobereturnedtoFloreana.YoumightbewonderinghowFloreanatortoisescouldbereturnediftheyhadalreadydiedout.18In2008,sometortoiseswerediscoveredonIsabelaIslandthatlookedverymuchlikeFloreanatortoises.TestingshowedthattheirDNAwasverysimilartothatofFloreanatortoises.Sincethen,scientistsinGalapagoshaveraisedover600youngtortoises,workingtomakesurethetortoiseshaveasmuchFloreanatortoiseDNAaspossible.Workersfromtheparkcarriedtheyoungtortoisestoreleasetheminareaswherethey’relikelytodowell.Manyofthetortoiseshadtrackingdevicesplacedontheirshells.1920Astheygrow,thetortoiseswillhelpclearoutareasthatarethickwithplants,helpdevelopmuddyareasintoponds,andspreadseedsfromplants.

A．Intime,thespeciesdiedout.B．Astheysay,it’scomplicated.C．Thishasmadeabigdifference.D．Thereturnofthetortoisesmarksamilestoneinconservationefforts.E．Forcenturies,humanshavehadadestructiveimpactontheisland’swildlife.F．Thiswillallowscientiststokeepaneyeonhowthetortoisesreacttotheirnewhome.G．Scientistsexpectthatthetortoiseswillplayabigpartinrestoringtheisland’senvironment.二、完形填空Fiveyearsago,Iwokeupafterasix-houroperation.Doctorsremovedatumor(肿瘤)inmybody,andIcouldn’tbelieveitwhen21thatitwasnotcancerous.I’dspentthemonthsbeforethesurgeryfilledwith22.I’dusedallmystrengthjusttogetupandpretendtobeOK.Returninghome,Iattemptedto23whatmyfuturelifewouldbelikewithoutadarkcloudhangingoverme.Theinitial24didn’tlastlong.Lifesoonlookedempty.Monthsbefore,I’dleftmylegaljob.Actually,becomingawriterwasalwaysmydream,butpilesof25lettersmadeitseemoutofreach.Itfelt26tobedepressedaftersurvivingthesurgery,butIwas.Theonlythingthatdraggedmeoutwasto27mysister’sdogLucy.Iwasstillweakandnever28exercise,butIcouldn’tsaynotoLucy.Westartedout29.Atfirst,Icouldhardlywalkablockwithher,butgraduallyIgrewmuch30andwalkedfarther.Littlebylittle,Ifeltaliveagain.I31forapart-timejobandworkedfor3years.Irestartedmywriting—notaheavybook,but32thingsremindingmeIcouldbeawriter.Inowwritefull-time,busy33newbooks.It’shardertofind34totakewalkswithLucy,butthosesimplewalkstruly35me.21.A．toldB．remindedC．persuadedD．warned​22.A．surpriseB．anxietyC．angerD．curiosity​23.A．gothroughB．figureoutC．insistonD．giveup​24.A．courageB．painC．uncertaintyD．relief​25.A．rejectionB．apologyC．thanksD．invitation​26.A．rightB．fairC．normalD．wrong​27.A．touchB．feedC．walkD．bathe​28.A．likedB．lackedC．promotedD．skipped​29.A．shylyB．slowlyC．hurriedlyD．proudly​30.A．kinderB．calmerC．wiserD．stronger​31.A．appliedB．hopedC．waitedD．accounted​32.A．complexB．secretC．smallD．messy​33.A．rankingB．collectingC．releasingD．illustrating​34.A．spaceB．timeC．patienceD．drive​35.A．representedB．judgedC．healedD．tested三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WangHaoze,acrewmemberoftheShenzhouXIXmission,isChina’sfirstfemalespaceflightengineer.Duringhercollegeyears,shewasoutstanding36(academic),rankingatthetopofherclass.Additionally,sherepresentedherschoolinsportscompetitions.“Itwasmypostgraduatementorwholedmetoacareerinthespaceindustry.ProfessorGuFanwasveryinterestedinspaceflight37oftendiscussedrelevanttopicswithus.Healsoencouragedhispostgraduatestudentstoapplyforjobsinthespaceindustry,”WangHaozerecalled,explainingthattheprofessorwasso38(influence)toherthatshedecidedtojointhespacecraftresearchcommunity.Ashergraduation39(approach),Wang40(submit)herresumetotheBeijingAerospacePropulsionInstitute,China’smajorresearchbodyofliquid-propellantrocketengines.Attheinstitute,Wangwaspartoftheresearchanddevelopmentofnewmodelsofrocketengines,anewfield41shehadneverbeeninvolved.42(face)withnewchallengesandknowledge,sheenjoyedlearningandovercomingdifficulties,whichappearedasan43(attract)gametoher.OnOctober30,2024,sheembarkedonaspacejourneyaboardShenzhou-19.Her44(responsibility)includespaceexperiments,materialmanagement,andstationaffairs.WangHaozeis45inspiration,demonstratingcourage,perseverance,andapassionforspaceexploration.四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，你班上周召开了“维护国家安全，人人有责”主题班会。请给你的澳大利亚好友Richard写封邮件，内容包括：1．介绍班会情况；2．分享你的感受。注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearRichard,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Oneafternoonafterschool,Iwaslyingonmybedlisteningtomusic.Mymomknockedonthedoor.“Emma,Mrs.Thompsonfromdownthestreetjustcalled,”shesaid.“HerdaughterChloeishavingahardtimewithmath.Couldyouhelpherout?”Ithoughtaboutitforamoment.Iwasgoodatmath,soIsaidyes.Afewweeks