2026年研究生入学考试英语一真题及详解

2026年研究生入学考试英语一真题及详解SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,emergingasanecessaryresponsetoourincreasinglyhyper-connectedlives.Whiletechnologyoffersundeniableconvenienceandhasrevolutionizedthewayweworkandcommunicate,theconstantbarrageofnotificationsandtheallureofinfinitescrollinghavecreatedaparadoxof__1__.Wearemoreconnectedthanever,yetratesofreportedlonelinessandanxietyareat__2__levels.Thisphenomenonhaspromptedpsychologistsandhealthexpertstoadvocateforperiodsofdisconnection,arguingthatsteppingawayfromourscreensisnotmerelyaluxurybuta__3__formentalwell-being.Thehumanbrain,evolutionarilydesignedforprocessingsocialinteractionsin__4__groups,findsitselfoverwhelmedbythesheervolumeofdigitalinformation.Whenweareconstantlypluggedin,ourcognitiveresourcesaredepleted,leadingtoastateofchronic__5__.Thisisoftenreferredtoas"technostress,"aconditioncharacterizedbyaninabilitytocopewiththerapidpaceoftechnologicalchange.Consequently,thepracticeof__6__digitaldevicesforsetintervals—whetherforanhouradayoraweekendretreat—hasbeenshowntolowercortisollevelsandimprovesleepquality.However,implementingadigitaldetoxisofteneasiersaidthandone.Theappsonourphonesareengineeredtobeaddictive,utilizingvariablerewardschedulesto__7__ourdopaminesystems.Thismakestheprospectofunpluggingfeellikeadaunting__8__formany.Furthermore,thereisapervasivefearofmissingout(FOMO),whichdrivesindividualstochecktheirphones__9__,evenintheabsenceofnotifications.Tocombatthis,expertsrecommendagradualapproach.Insteadofgoingcoldturkey,onemightstartby__10__phoneusageinthebedroomorturningoffnon-essentialnotifications.Ultimately,thegoalofadigitaldetoxisnottodemonizetechnologybutto__11__ahealthierrelationshipwithit.Byreclaimingourattention,wecanrediscoverthejoysofface-to-faceinteraction,deepreading,andthesimpleactofbeingpresent.Inaworldthat__12__constantengagement,theabilitytodisconnectisapowerfulactofself-care.Itallowsustorechargeandreturntoourdigitalliveswithrenewedfocusand__13__.Aswemoveforward,findingabalancebetweenthevirtualandtherealwillbe__14__formaintainingpsychologicalhealthinthedigitalage.Thechallengeliesnotinabandoningtechnology,butinmasteringitsothatitservesratherthan__15__us.1.[A]prosperity[B]intimacy[C]plenitude[D]alienation2.[A]record[B]steady[C]manageable[D]unknown3.[A]nuisance[B]imperative[C]option[D]hypothesis4.[A]massive[B]virtual[C]intimate[D]sparse5.[A]stimulation[B]fatigue[C]excitement[D]boredom6.[A]discarding[B]updating[C]ignoring[D]utilizing7.[A]suppress[B]damage[C]hijack[D]regulate8.[A]undertaking[B]pastime[C]inevitability[D]routine9.[A]compulsively[B]reluctantly[C]efficiently[D]logically10.[A]encouraging[B]banning[C]monitoring[D]limiting11.[A]sever[B]cultivate[C]ignore[D]misunderstand12.[A]discourages[B]replaces[C]demands[D]predicts13.[A]confusion[B]apathy[C]clarity[D]skepticism14.[A]trivial[B]detrimental[C]impossible[D]paramount15.[A]enslaves[B]protects[C]informs[D]amusesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedintensedebateregardingitsimpactonthecreativeindustries.Fordecades,creativitywasconsideredthefinalfrontierofhumanuniqueness—adomainwheremachinescouldnotpossiblytreadduetotheirlackofconsciousnessandemotionaldepth.However,theadventofgenerativeAI,capableofproducingstunningvisualart,composingsymphonies,andwritingcoherentprose,haschallengedthisassumption.Whilesomeviewthisasatoolthatdemocratizescreativity,allowingnon-artiststobringtheirvisionstolife,othersseeitasanexistentialthreattohumanartists.ProponentsofAIinartarguethatthesetechnologiesfunctionsimilarlytothecamerawhenitwasfirstinvented.Photographywasinitiallydismissedasamechanicalprocessdevoidofsoul,yetiteventuallybecamearespectedartformthatinfluencedpaintingandculture.Similarly,AIalgorithms,theycontend,aremerelybrushesinthehandsoffuturecreators.Thealgorithmdoesnotreplacetheartist;rather,itextendstheirreach.Thehumanelementremainscrucialincurating,refining,andgivingmeaningtotheoutput.Inthisview,AIlowersthebarriertoentry,fosteringaexplosionofnewstylesandideas.Conversely,criticspointoutthatgenerativeAImodelsaretrainedonvastdatasetsofexistinghumanwork,oftenwithouttheconsentorcompensationoftheoriginalcreators.Thisraisesprofoundethicalandlegalquestionsaboutcopyrightandownership.IfanAIcanreplicateaspecificartist'sstylewithasimpletextprompt,doesitdevaluetheoriginalartist'syearsofpracticeandskilldevelopment?Moreover,thereisthefearthatasAI-generatedcontentfloodsthemarket,humancreatorswillbeeconomicallydisplaced.Theconcernisnotjustabouthighart,butaboutcommercialillustration,copywriting,anddesign—fieldsthatprovidelivelihoodsformillions.Thereactionfromthecreativecommunityhasbeenmixedbutvocal.SomeplatformshaveembracedAItools,integratingthemintotheirsoftwaresuites.OthershavebannedAI-generatedsubmissionstoprotecttheirhumancontributors.Legalsystemsaroundtheworldarescramblingtocatchup,attemptingtodefinehowintellectualpropertylawsapplytomachine-generatedworks.TheU.S.CopyrightOffice,forinstance,hasstatedthatworkscreatedbyAIwithouthumanauthorshipcannotbecopyrighted,leavingalegalgrayareaforhybridworks.Ultimately,theintegrationofAIintothecreativesphereislikelytoresultinahybridecosystem.Thedistinctvalueofhumanartmayshiftfromtechnicalexecutiontoconceptualdepthandemotionalresonance—qualitiesthat,fornow,remainelusivetomachines.Thenarrativeofthe"starvingartist"mightevolve,butthehumandrivetocreateandexpressisunlikelytoberenderedobsolete.Instead,wearewitnessingaredefinitionofwhatitmeanstobecreativeinthe21stcentury.16.Theauthormentionstheinventionofthecamerainordertoshowthat______.[A]Photographywasinitiallyrejectedbypainters.[B]Newtechnologiesareoftenfearedbeforebeingaccepted.[C]AIismoreadvancedthanthecamerawas.[D]Artformsinevitablyinfluenceeachotherovertime.17.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemainethicalconcernregardingAIinart?[A]ThelackofemotionaldepthinAI-generatedworks.[B]ThepotentialforAItoreplacehumanconsciousness.[C]TheunauthorizeduseofhumanworktotrainAImodels.[D]Thedifficultyofdefining"creativity"inlegalterms.18.Theword"elusive"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.[A]essential[B]irrelevant[C]hardtocapture[D]easilyachievable19.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofAIinart?[A]OptimisticaboutthecollaborationbetweenhumansandAI.[B]Alarmedbythethreattohumanartists.[C]Indifferenttothelegalandethicaldebates.[D]CertainthatAIwillreplacehumancreativity.20.Thetextsuggeststhatthefuturevalueofhumanartliesin______.[A]Technicalprecisionandspeed.[B]Conceptualdepthandemotionalresonance.[C]TheabilitytouseAItoolseffectively.[D]Adherencetotraditionalmethods.Text2Theglobalpushtowardsrenewableenergyisoftenframedasanenvironmentalimperative,anecessarysteptocurbthedevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.However,asnationsacceleratetheirtransitionawayfromfossilfuels,anewandcomplexchallengeisemerging:themanagementofelectronicwaste(e-waste)andthelifecycleofrenewableenergyinfrastructureitself.Solarpanels,windturbines,andlithium-ionbatteriesarenotinfiniteresources;theyhaveafiniteoperationallife,afterwhichtheymustbedecommissionedanddisposedof.Solarpanels,forexample,typicallyhavealifespanof25to30years.Thefirstgenerationofutility-scalesolarinstallations,deployedintheearly2000s,isnowapproachingretirement.Whilepanelsarelargelymadeofglass,aluminum,andsilicon—materialsthatarerecyclable—theprocessofrecyclingthemiseconomicallyandtechnicallychallenging.Thehazardousmaterials,suchascadmiumandleadfoundinsometypesofpanels,requirespecializedhandling.Currently,thevastmajorityofdecommissionedpanelsendupinlandfills,posingariskofsoilandgroundwatercontamination.Similarly,thewindenergysectorfacesaloomingwastecrisis.Thebladesofwindturbines,madeprimarilyoffiberglassreinforcedwithresinorcarbonfiber,aredifficulttorecycle.Theyaredesignedtowithstandextremeweatherconditions,makingthemincrediblydurablebutalsoresistanttostandardbreakdownprocesses.Asolderturbinesarereplacedbylarger,moreefficientmodels,thousandsofthesebladesarebeingcutupandburied.Whilesomecompaniesareexploringmethodstoshredbladesforuseincementkilnsorasrawmaterialforotherproducts,thesesolutionsarenotyetscalable.Thebatterystoragesector,criticalforstabilizingtheintermittentpowersupplyfromrenewables,presentsperhapsthemosturgentrecyclingchallenge.Lithium-ionbatteriescontainvaluablemetalslikecobalt,lithium,andnickel.Recoveringthesemetalsispossiblebutoftenenergy-intensiveandcostly.Ifnotmanagedproperly,deadbatteriescancausefiresorleaktoxicchemicals.The"circulareconomy"—aneconomicsystemaimedateliminatingwasteandthecontinualuseofresources—isbeingtoutedasthesolution.Thisinvolvesdesigningproductsforlongevity,reuse,andrecyclabilityfromtheoutset.Governmentsarebeginningtorespondwithlegislation.TheEuropeanUnionhasproposedstrictregulationsonbatteryrecyclingandthemanagementofindustrialwaste.IntheUnitedStates,theInflationReductionActincludesincentivesfordomesticbatteryrecycling.However,expertsarguethatmoreneedstobedonetoincentivizethedesignof"green"technologythatiseasytodismantleandrecover.Withoutacomprehensivestrategyfortheend-of-lifemanagementofgreenenergyhardware,thetransitiontoalow-carboneconomyriskstradingoneenvironmentalproblemforanother.21.Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto______.[A]Promotethebenefitsofrenewableenergysources.[B]Highlighttheenvironmentalrisksoffossilfuels.[C]Discussthewastemanagementchallengesofrenewableenergyinfrastructure.[D]Comparethelifespansofsolarpanelsandwindturbines.22.Accordingtothetext,whyisrecyclingsolarpanelsdifficult?[A]Theycontainnovaluablematerials.[B]Theyaremostlymadeofnon-recyclableglass.[C]Theycontainhazardousmaterialsrequiringspecialhandling.[D]Theirlifespanistooshorttomakerecyclingprofitable.23.Theword"looming"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.[A]Current[B]Approaching[C]Ignored[D]Resolved24.Whatisthe"circulareconomy"mentionedinthetext?[A]Aneconomybasedsolelyonfossilfuels.[B]Asystemfocusedoneliminatingwasteandreusingresources.[C]Afinancialmodelforinvestinginrenewablestartups.[D]Amethodfordisposingoflithium-ionbatteriesinlandfills.25.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasagovernmentresponsetotheissue?[A]Banningtheproductionoflithium-ionbatteries.[B]Offeringincentivesfortheuseofolderturbinemodels.[C]Proposingregulationsonbatteryrecycling.[D]Subsidizingthecostoflandfilldisposal.Text3Inthemid-20thcentury,urbanplanningwasdominatedbytheethosofthe"car-centric"city.Plannersprioritizedthemovementofautomobiles,designingwideboulevards,sprawlingsuburbs,andextensivehighwaynetworksthatoftencarvedthroughhistoricneighborhoods.Thismodel,fueledbythepost-wareconomicboomandtheriseoftheautomobileindustry,promisedfreedom,mobility,andefficiency.However,ascitieshavegrowndenserandthenegativeexternalitiesofcardependencyhavebecomeimpossibletoignore,aparadigmshiftisunderway.The"15-minutecity"concept,championedbyurbanistslikeCarlosMoreno,proposesaradicalreimaginingofurbanlife.Thecoreprincipleofthe15-minutecityisdecentralization.Insteadofsegregatingthecityintozonesforliving,working,shopping,andentertainment—necessitatinglongcommutes—the15-minutecityaimstoensurethatresidentscanaccessalltheiressentialneedswithina15-minutewalkorbikeride.Thisinvolvesmixed-usezoning,whereresidentialbuildingscoexistwithoffices,schools,parks,andlocalbusinesses.Thebenefitsofthisapproacharemultifaceted.Itreducesrelianceoncars,therebycuttingcarbonemissionsandalleviatingtrafficcongestion.Itpromotespublichealthbyencouragingwalkingandcycling.Italsofosterssocialcohesion,asresidentsaremorelikelytointeractwiththeirneighborswhentheyarenotisolatedinvehicles.Criticsoftheconceptarguethatitisunrealisticforexistingmega-citiestorestructurethemselvessodrasticallyandthatitriskscreatingaseriesofgatedcommunitiesor"urbanvillages"thatlackdiversity.Thereisalsotheconcernthatsuchdensitycouldleadtoalossofprivacyorasenseofclaustrophobia.Furthermore,someskepticsviewthe15-minutecityasaformofsocialengineering,restrictingmovementandconfiningpeopletotheirimmediateneighborhoods.Despitethesecriticisms,thepandemicservedasacatalystfortheidea.Lockdownsforcedpeopletostaywithintheirlocalareas,leadingmanytorediscoverthevalueoftheirimmediatesurroundings.CitieslikeParis,Barcelona,andMelbournehavebegunimplementingmeasuresalignedwiththe15-minutevision.Paris,underMayorAnneHidalgo,hasbeenaggressivelyconvertingparkingspacesintobikelanesandcreating"schoolstreets"thatareclosedtotrafficduringdrop-offandpick-uptimes.Barcelona's"superblocks"restrictcaraccesstocertainneighborhoods,handingthestreetsbacktopedestrians.Thetransitionisnotmerelyphysicalbuteconomic.Localbusinessesthrivewhenfoottrafficincreases,ratherthanrelyingoncustomersdrivingfromdistantlocations.Realestatevaluesinwell-connected,walkableneighborhoodsoftenappreciate,thoughthisraisesconcernsaboutgentrificationandaffordability.Successfulimplementationrequirescarefulbalancingtoensurethatthe15-minutecitydoesnotbecomeanenclaveforthewealthy.Itrequiresrobustpublictransittoconnectdifferentneighborhoods,ensuringthatthe"15-minute"radiusdoesnotbecomeaboundarybutafoundationforaconnected,accessible,andsustainableurbanfuture.26.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?[A]Thehistoryofthe"car-centric"citymodelinthe20thcentury.[B]Thecriticismofthe"15-minutecity"conceptbyurbanskeptics.[C]Theshiftfromcar-centricplanningtothe15-minutecitymodel.[D]Theeconomicbenefitsoflocalbusinessesinurbancenters.27.Accordingtothetext,the15-minutecityaimstoachieveallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.[A]Reducingcarbonemissions.[B]Increasingtheneedforlongcommutes.[C]Promotingpublichealththroughwalking.[D]Fosteringsocialcohesionamongresidents.28.TheauthormentionsParisandBarcelonatoillustrate______.[A]Thedifficultiesofimplementingthe15-minutecity.[B]Citiesthathavesuccessfullyresistedcar-centricplanning.[C]Examplesofcitiesimplementingthe15-minutecityconcept.[D]Thenegativeimpactofthepandemiconurbanmobility.29.Whatconcerndoestheauthorraiseregardingtheeconomicaspectofthe15-minutecity?[A]Localbusinessesmaysufferduetoreducedcartraffic.[B]Realestatevaluesmaydecreaseinwalkableneighborhoods.[C]Itmayleadtogentrificationandaffordabilityissues.[D]Publictransitsystemswillbecometooexpensivetomaintain.30.Theauthor'stonetowardsthe15-minutecityconceptisgenerally______.[A]Dismissive[B]Objectivebutcautiouslyoptimistic[C]Highlycritical[D]EnthusiasticbutunawareofdrawbacksText4Theconceptof"heritage"isoftenromanticized,evokingimagesofgrandmonuments,ancienttraditions,andastatic,unchangingpast.However,sociologistsandanthropologistsarguethatheritageisnotafixedlegacybutadynamicprocessofselectionandinterpretation.Whatasocietychoosestopreserve,commemorate,orforgetrevealsasmuchaboutitspresentvaluesandpoliticalprioritiesasitdoesaboutitshistory.Thisactiveengagementwiththepastisknownas"heritagemaking,"anditisfrequentlyasiteofcontestationandnegotiation.Inthecontextofpost-colonialsocieties,thepoliticsofheritageisparticularlyvolatile.Statuesofcolonialfigures,museumshousinglootedartifacts,andstreetnameshonoringimperialgeneralsserveasdailyremindersofapainfulpast.Fordecades,thesesymbolswereacceptedaspartofthelandscape,oftenjustifiedas"history"thatshouldnotbeerased.However,asmarginalizedcommunitiesgainavoice,thereisagrowingdemandto"decolonize"publicspaces.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeandestroyinghistory,butrathercontextualizingit.Itinvolvesaddingplaquesthatexplaintheatrocitiescommittedbycelebratedfigures,repatriatingstolenculturalobjectstotheircommunitiesoforigin,orerectingcounter-monumentstohonorthevictimsofhistory.Thisprocessofre-evaluationisnotlimitedtothepost-colonialworld.IntheUnitedStates,theremovalofConfederatestatueshassparkedintensedebate.ProponentsofremovalarguethatthesestatueswereerectednottorecordhistorybuttoassertwhitesupremacyduringtheJimCrowera,andthustheydonotbelonginpublicspacesofequality.Opponentsclaimthatremovalisanerasureofhistoryandaslipperyslopetowardsrewritingthepast.SimilardebatesareoccurringinEasternEuroperegardingSoviet-eramonuments.Thequestionremains:whoownsthepast?Theroleofmuseumsisalsoshiftingfrombeing"templesofobjects"tobecoming"forumsofideas."Thetraditionalmuseumnarrativewasoftenauthoritativeandsingular,presentingadominantversionofhistory.Today,thereisapushforinclusivityandmultipleperspectives.Museumsareincreasinglycollaboratingwithsourcecommunitiestocurateexhibitions,acknowledgingthatthemeaningofanobjectcanchangedependingonwhoislookingatit.Thisshiftrequiresawillingnesstoconfrontuncomfortabletruthsandtoshareauthority.Ultimately,amatureapproachtoheritagerequiresthecouragetoembracecomplexity.Itinvolvesacknowledgingthatthepastismessyandthatourancestorswerecapableofbothgreatdeedsandterriblewrongs.Byconstantlyre-examiningwhatweholddear,weensurethatheritageservesnotasatoolfordivision,butasaresourceforeducationandreconciliation.Itisawayofgroundingouridentityinanarrativethatishonest,inclusive,andevolving.31.Thetextsuggeststhat"heritage"shouldbeviewedas______.[A]Astaticcollectionofancienttraditions.[B]Afixedlegacypasseddownthroughgenerations.[C]Adynamicprocessofselectionandinterpretation.[D]Aromanticizedversionofthepast.32.Whatdoestheterm"decolonize"implyinthecontextofthetext?[A]Destroyingallhistoricalmonuments.[B]Erasingthehistoryofcolonialpowerscompletely.[C]Contextualizingandre-evaluatingcolonialsymbols.[D]Ignoringthedemandsofmarginalizedcommunities.33.ThedebateoverConfederatestatuesintheU.S.highlightsthetensionbetween______.[A]Preservinghistoryandassertingwhitesupremacy.[B]Erasinghistoryandmaintainingpublicequality.[C]Governmentauthorityandpublicopinion.[D]Federallawsandlocalregulations.34.Howistheroleofmuseumschangingaccordingtothetext?[A]Theyarebecomingmorelikecommercialenterprises.[B]Theyaremovingfromauthoritativenarrativestoinclusiveforums.[C]Theyarerefusingtoreturnartifactstosourcecommunities.[D]Theyarefocusingsolelyonancientcivilizations.35.Theauthorconcludesthatamatureapproachtoheritagerequires______.[A]Ignoringtheuncomfortableaspectsofthepast.[B]Maintainingthesingularnarrativeofdominantgroups.[C]Embracingcomplexityandhonestyaboutthepast.[D]Focusingsolelyontheachievementsofancestors.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions36-40,choosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrasentenceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"flow,"astateofdeepimmersionandoptimalexperience,wasfirstidentifiedandresearchedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.Itdescribesamentalstateofoperationinwhichapersonperforminganactivityisfullyimmersedinafeelingofenergizedfocus,fullinvolvement,andenjoymentintheprocessoftheactivity.\_\_\_36\_\_\_.Itisazonewherethechallengeofataskmatchesone'sskilllevel,creatingasenseofeffortlessaction.Toachieveflow,certainconditionsmustbemet.First,theactivitymusthavecleargoals.Thisprovidesdirectionandstructure,allowingtheindividualtoknowexactlywhatneedstobedone.\_\_\_37\_\_\_.Withoutfeedback,itisdifficulttoadjustone'sperformanceandstayengaged.Furthermore,thebalancebetweenchallengeandskilliscrucial.Ifataskistooeasyrelativetoone'sskills,itleadstoboredomorrelaxation.\_\_\_38\_\_\_.Onlywhenthechallengestretchesone'sexistingcapabilitiesbutisstillattainabledoesflowoccur.Flowstatesarenotlimitedtoartisticorathleticendeavors;theycanoccurinawidevarietyofcontexts,includingtheworkplace.\_\_\_39\_\_\_.Employeeswhoexperienceflowreporthigherjobsatisfaction,productivity,andcreativity.However,themodernworkenvironment,withitsconstantinterruptionsandopen-planoffices,canbetheantithesisofflow.\_\_\_40\_\_\_.Protectingdeepworktimeisbecomingacriticalskillforknowledgeworkers.[A]Second,theremustbeimmediatefeedbackonone'sactions.[B]Inthisstate,peopleoftenlosetrackoftimeandself-consciousness.[C]Conversely,ifataskistoodifficult,itresultsinanxietyorstress.[D]Csikszentmihalyibelievesthatflowisthesecrettohappiness.[E]Therefore,managersareencouragedtodesignworkthatfostersflow.[F]Itisessentialtoeliminateallformsofcommunicationintheoffice.[G]Distractionsbreaktheconcentrationloopnecessarytomaintainflow.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thestudyofhistoryhaslongbeenjustifiedonthegroundsthatitprovidesaguidetothepresentandakeytothefuture.(41)Byexaminingthesequencesofpastevents,historiansseektouncoverpatternsthatmighthelpusunderstandthetrajectoryofhumandevelopment.Thisutilitarianviewofhistory,however,hasbeenchallengedbythosewhoarguethatthepastistoocomplexandcontingenttooffersimplelessons.(42)Theycontendthateveryhistoricalmomentisunique,shapedbyaspecificconstellationofforcesthatcanneverbeexactlyreplicated.Despitethesevalidobjections,theimpulsetolookbackwardremainsstrong.(43)Weturntohistorynotmerelytopredictthefuture,buttomakesenseofthehumanconditioninallitscomplexity.Historyprovidesalaboratoryofhumanexperience,offeringcountlessexamplesofcourage,cruelty,innovation,andfolly.(44)Itallowsustoseeourownlivesandstrugglesaspartofalargernarrative,connectingustogenerationsthatcamebeforeandthosethatwillfollow.Moreover,historicalconsciousnessisessentialforthefunctioningofahealthydemocracy.(45)Withoutasharedunderstandingofthepast,asocietylacksthecollectivememorynecessarytomakeinformeddecisionsinthepresent.Historyremindsusthatinstitutionsandvaluesarenotnaturalgivens,buttheresultsofhumanchoicesandstruggles.Inthissense,thestudyofhistoryisanactofcitizenship,empoweringustoquestionthestatusquoandimaginealternativepossibilities.SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:SupposeyouarethepresidentoftheUniversityStudentUnion.Writeanemailtoallinternationalstudentsto:1)welcomethemtotheuniversity,2)introducetheupcoming"CulturalExperienceWeek,"and3)invitethemtoparticipateintheactivities.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)[ChartDescription:Abarchartillustratesthechangesinthereadinghabitsofcollegestudentsfrom2018to2023.Therearethreecategories:E-books,PrintedBooks,andAudiobooks.In2018,PrintedBookswerethehighestat65%,E-bookswere25%,andAudiobookswere10%.In2023,E-booksroseto45%,PrintedBooksdroppedto40%,andAudiobooksincreasedto15%.]***答案与解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[D]alienation解析：文章开头提到虽然科技让我们联系更紧密，但孤独感却在上升。这里需要一个表示“疏离”或“分离”的词，与前面的“connected”（连接）形成对比。Paradoxofalienation（疏离的悖论）符合语境。Prosperity（繁荣）、intimacy（亲密）、plenitude（丰富）均不符合逻辑。2.[A]record解析：句意是孤独和焦虑的报告率处于“创纪录”的水平。Recordlevels（创纪录水平）是常见搭配。Steady（稳定的）、manageable（可控的）、unknown（未知的）与语境不符。3.[B]imperative解析：专家认为断开连接不仅是奢侈，更是心理健康的一种“必要之事”或“当务之急”。Imperative表示必要、紧急的任务。Nuisance（麻烦）、option（选择）、hypothesis（假设）均不正确。4.[C]intimate解析：人类大脑在进化上是设计用来处理“亲密”群体中的社交互动的（指原始部落的小团体），而不是面对海量信息。Intimate符合语境。Massive（巨大的）、virtual（虚拟的）、sparse（稀疏的）不正确。5.[B]fatigue解析：长时间在线会导致认知资源耗尽，从而产生慢性的“疲劳”。Stimulation（刺激）、excitement（兴奋）与耗尽资源的结果相反；boredom（厌倦）不符合科技带来的刺激感。6.[C]ignoring解析：为了降低皮质醇水平，建议在特定时间段内“忽视”或“不理会”数字设备。Discarding（丢弃）语气太重且不现实；updating（更新）和utilizing（使用）与减压目的相反。7.[C]hijack解析：应用程序利用奖励机制“劫持”我们的多巴胺系统。Hijack形象地表达了被控制、被绑架的感觉。Suppress（抑制）、damage（损害）、regu