2026年英语六级《阅读》考试真题及答案

2026年英语六级《阅读》考试真题及答案PartIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theconceptof"digitalminimalism"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyearsasaresponsetothepervasiveinfluenceoftechnologyinourdailylives.CoinedbyCalNewport,thephilosophyadvocatesforamoreintentionaland1.________useofdigitaltools.Ratherthanmindlesslyscrollingthroughsocialmediafeedsorconstantlycheckingemails,proponentssuggestthatweshouldcarefullyevaluatewhichtechnologiesaddvaluetoourlivesand2.________discardtherest.Thecoreprincipleisnottoabandontechnologyaltogether,buttoreclaimourautonomyandattention.Inanerawhereappsaredesignedtoexploitpsychologicalvulnerabilities,keepingusersengagedforaslongaspossible,3.________resistanceisnecessary.Thisinvolvesa30-dayperiodofdetachment,whereindividualsstepbackfromoptionaltechnologiestorediscoverofflineactivitiesthatprovide4.________satisfaction.Criticsmightarguethatthisapproachiselitistorimpracticalforthosewhosejobsrelyheavilyonconnectivity.However,thephilosophyemphasizesthatthisisnotaboutluddism(oppositiontonewtechnology);rather,itisaboutoptimizingtheuseoftoolstoserve5.________humangoals.Byreducingdigitalnoise,peoplecanexperiencereducedanxiety,improvedsleepquality,anddeeperrelationships.Thebenefitsextendbeyondmentalhealth.Adecluttereddigitallifecanleadtoincreased6.________andcreativity.Whenwearenolongerconstantly7.________bynotifications,ourbrainscanenterastateofdeepwork,allowingforcomplexproblem-solvingandskillacquisition.Furthermore,thetimesavedfromexcessivescreentimecanbe8.________tohobbies,exercise,orcommunityinvolvement,fosteringamorebalancedlifestyle.Ultimately,digitalminimalismisaboutcultivatingamindsetwheretechnologyisatool,notamaster.Itrequires9.________efforttoestablishandmaintainboundaries,buttherewardisaricher,moremeaningfulexistence.Aswemovefurtherintothedigitalage,theabilitytocontrolourdigitalconsumptionwillbecomea10.________skillforpersonalandprofessionalsuccess.A.substantialB.productivityC.ruthlesslyD.meaningfulE.fragmentedF.allocatedG.disciplinedH.constantlyI.interruptedJ.specificK.vitalL.distractedM.consciouslyN.underlyingO.optionalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheRiseofVerticalFarminginUrbanLandscapes[A]Asurbanizationcontinuestoaccelerateglobally,thechallengeoffeedingdenselypopulatedcitiesbecomesincreasinglycomplex.Traditionalagriculture,withitsheavyrelianceonvasttractsoflandandfavorableweatherconditions,isill-suitedtomeetthedemandsofmodernurbancenters.Enterverticalfarming—arevolutionaryapproachtoagriculturethatinvolvesgrowingcropsinverticallystackedlayers,oftenwithincontrolledenvironmentslikeskyscrapersorwarehouses.Thismethodisnotmerelyanovelty;itrepresentsafundamentalshiftinhowwethinkaboutfoodproductioninthe21stcentury.[B]Oneofthemostcompellingadvantagesofverticalfarmingisitsextraordinaryefficiencyinlanduse.Bygrowingupwardsratherthanoutwards,thesefarmscanproduceasignificantlyhigheryieldpersquarefootcomparedtotraditionalfieldfarming.Forinstance,asingleverticalfarmoccupyingacityblockcantheoreticallyyieldtheequivalentofhundredsofacresoftraditionalfarmland.Thisspatialefficiencyiscrucialincitieswhererealestatepricesareatapremiumandavailablelandisscarce.[C]Waterconservationisanothercriticalbenefit.Traditionalagricultureisnotoriouslywater-intensive,ofteninvolvingfloodirrigationthatleadstosignificantwasteandrunoff.Incontrast,verticalfarmingtypicallyutilizeshydroponicoraeroponicsystems,whichdelivernutrientsdirectlytotheplantrootsthroughwatermistorathinfilmofwater.Theseclosed-loopsystemscanuseupto95%lesswaterthanconventionalfarmingmethods,avitalfeatureinregionsfacingwaterscarcity.[D]Furthermore,verticalfarmingmitigatestheenvironmentalimpactassociatedwithfoodtransportation.Thecurrentglobalfoodsupplychaininvolvesshippingproducethousandsofmiles,resultinginasubstantialcarbonfootprint.Bysituatingfarmswithinornearthecitiestheyserve,verticalfarmingdrasticallyreduces"foodmiles"—thedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtoconsumer.Thislocalizationnotonlyreducesgreenhousegasemissionsbutalsoensuresthatconsumershaveaccesstofresher,nutrient-denseproducethathasn'tspentweeksintransit.[E]Thecontrolledenvironmentagriculture(CEA)aspectofverticalfarmingalsoeliminatestherelianceonpesticidesandherbicides.Inasealed,hygienicindoorenvironment,pestsanddiseasesarefareasiertomanagethaninopenfields.Thismeansthatverticalfarmscanproduceorganic-qualitycropswithouttheecologicaldamagecausedbychemicalrunoff,whichoftenpolluteslocalwaterwaysandharmsbiodiversityintraditionalfarmingsettings.[F]Despitetheseadvantages,theeconomicviabilityofverticalfarmingremainsasignificanthurdle.Theinitialcapitalexpenditureforsettingupahigh-techverticalfarmisstaggering.Costsincludeadvancedlightingsystems(oftenLEDgrowlights),climatecontrolmachinery,automatedharvestingsystems,andtherealestateitself.Thesehighoverheadstranslatetohigherpricesfortheproduce,whichcanlimitthemarkettoaffluentconsumersornichemarkets.[G]Energyconsumption,particularlyforlightingandclimatecontrol,isanotherpointofcontention.Whilewaterusageislow,theelectricitydemandtopowertheartificiallightingrequiredforphotosynthesis—especiallyinfacilitiesthatdonotutilizenaturallight—isimmense.Criticsarguethatunlessthisenergycomesfromrenewablesources,thecarbonfootprintofverticalfarmingcouldrivalorevenexceedthatoftraditionalfarming.[H]Proponents,however,arguethattechnologyisrapidlyaddressingthesechallenges.ThecostofLEDtechnologyhasplummetedinrecentyears,andenergyefficiencycontinuestoimprove.Innovationsinrenewableenergyintegration,suchassolarpanelsinstalledonwarehouseroofs,arebeginningtooffsettheelectricaldemands.Additionally,automationandAI-drivenmanagementsystemsareoptimizingresourceuse,reducingwaste,andloweringlaborcosts,makingthebusinessmodelmoresustainableovertime.[I]Thesocialimplicationsofverticalfarmingarealsonoteworthy.Thesefarmscancreatejobsinurbanareas,rangingfromtechnicalrolesinplantscienceandengineeringtomanuallaborinharvestingandpackaging.Moreover,theycanserveaseducationalhubs,reconnectingurbanpopulationswiththeoriginsoftheirfood.Community-focusedverticalfarmscanrevitalizeneighborhoodsbyprovidingfreshproduceto"fooddeserts"—areaswhereaccesstoaffordable,healthyfoodoptionsislimited.[J]Lookingahead,theintegrationofverticalfarmingintosmartcityplanningcouldbetransformative.Imagineacitywhereresidentialandcommercialbuildingsareintegratedwithagriculturalspaces,creatingaself-sustainingecosystem.Whilewearenotyetatastagewhereverticalfarmingcancompletelyreplacetraditionalagriculture,itservesasacrucialcomplement.Asclimatechangecontinuestodisruptweatherpatternsandthreatencropyields,theresilienceandreliabilityofferedbyindoorverticalfarmingwilllikelymakeitanindispensablecomponentoffuturefoodsecuritystrategies.11.Verticalfarmingcansignificantlyreducethedistancefoodtravelsfromthefarmtotheconsumer,therebyloweringcarbonemissions.12.Thehighinitialsetupcostsfortechnologyandrealestatemakeitdifficultforverticalfarmstocompeteeconomicallywithtraditionalagriculture.13.Verticalfarmingallowsfortheproductionofcropswithouttheneedforharmfulchemicalpesticides,benefitingthelocalecosystem.14.Bygrowingcropsinstackedlayers,verticalfarmingachievesmuchhigherproductionratesperunitoflandcomparedtooutdoorfarming.15.Criticspointoutthatthemassiveelectricityrequirementforartificiallightingmightnegatesomeoftheenvironmentalbenefitsifrenewableenergyisnotused.16.Verticalfarmingcreatesemploymentopportunitiesinurbansettingsandcanhelpalleviatetheproblemoffooddeserts.17.Themethoduseshydroponicoraeroponicsystemsthatrequireafractionofthewaterusedinconventionalfarming.18.Technologicaladvancements,suchascheaperLEDsandAIautomation,arehelpingtoovercometheeconomicandenergychallengesofverticalfarming.19.Verticalfarmingisseenasanecessaryevolutioninfoodproductionduetothelimitationsoftraditionalagricultureinthefaceofrapidurbanization.20.Theresilienceofverticalfarmingagainstclimatedisruptionsmakesitakeyelementinensuringfuturefoodsupplies.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneThe"GigEconomy"—characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs—hasbeenhailedbymanyasthefutureofwork.Itpromisesflexibility,autonomy,andthepotentialforworkerstobetheirownbosses.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhavefacilitatedthisshift,connectingserviceprovidersdirectlywithconsumers.However,beneaththeveneeroffreedomliesacomplexrealitythatraisessignificantquestionsaboutworkerprotections,economicstability,andsocialequity.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitdemocratizesthelabormarket.Itallowsindividualstomonetizeskillsthatmightotherwisegounusedandprovidesincomeopportunitiestothosewhomightstruggletoenterthetraditional9-to-5workforce,suchasstudents,stay-at-homeparents,ortheunemployed.Forworkersindevelopingnations,itoffersachancetotapintoglobalmarkets,earningforeigncurrencywithoutmigrating.Theflexibilitytochoosewhenandwheretoworkisoftencitedastheprimarybenefit,allowingforabetterwork-lifebalance—orsothenarrativegoes.However,thisflexibilityoftencomesatasteepprice.Theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployeesmeanstheyaretypicallyexcludedfromlaborprotectionsthathavebeenestablishedoverdecades.Theydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,retirementcontributions,orunemploymentbenefits.Furthermore,theybearthecostsoftheirownequipment,maintenance,andinsurance.Ineffect,therisksofdoingbusinessareshiftedentirelyfromthecorporationtotheindividual.Algorithmicmanagementisanotherdefiningfeatureofthiseconomicmodel.Unliketraditionalworkplaceswherehumanmanagersassigntasksandevaluateperformance,gigworkersaremanagedbyopaquealgorithms.Thesealgorithmsdictatewhichjobsareoffered,atwhatprice,andcandeactivateworkersbasedoncustomerratingsorproductivitymetricswithlittletransparencyorrecourse.This"digitalTaylorism"maximizesefficiencyfortheplatformbutcancreateahigh-pressureenvironmentfortheworker,devoidofhumanempathyorunderstandingofextenuatingcircumstances.Theeconomicimplicationsareequallyconcerning.Whilethegigeconomycanprovidesupplementaryincome,formanyitisaprecariousexistence.Incomeisoftenvolatileandunpredictable,makingfinancialplanningdifficult.Thereisalsoevidencetosuggestthatthegigeconomycontributestoa"racetothebottom"intermsofwages.Asworkerscompetefortasksonaglobalscale,laborstandardscanbeeroded,drivingdownpayrates.Thisphenomenoncanunderminethebargainingpowerofworkers,makingitdifficulttoorganizecollectivelyforbetterconditions.Despitethesechallenges,thegigeconomyisunlikelytodisappear.Thestructuralchangesintheglobaleconomy,drivenbytechnologyandchangingconsumerpreferencesforon-demandservices,aretoodeep-seated.Thesolution,therefore,maynotbetoresistthetrendbuttoadaptourregulatoryframeworks.Governmentsaroundtheworldarebeginningtograpplewiththis,proposinglegislationthatwouldextendcertainbenefitstogigworkersorcreatingathirdcategoryofworker—dependentcontractors—thatfallssomewherebetweenanemployeeandafreelancer.Ultimately,thegoalshouldbetoharnesstheefficiencyandinnovationofthegigeconomywhileensuringthatthefundamentalrightsanddignityofworkersarepreserved.Thisrequiresarethinkingofsocialsafetynets,perhapsdecouplingbenefitsfromspecificemploymentandtyingthemtotheindividual.Aswenavigatethistransition,itiscrucialtorecognizethat"flexibility"shouldnotbeaeuphemismfor"insecurity."21.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryargumentmadebyproponentsofthegigeconomy?A.Itprovidesastablecareerpathwithlong-termgrowthpotential.B.Itoffersflexibilityandthechanceforindividualstobetheirownbosses.C.Iteliminatestheneedfortraditionalmanagementstructuresentirely.D.Itguaranteeshigherwagescomparedtotraditionalemployment.22.Whatisamajordisadvantageforgigworkersregardingtheirclassificationasindependentcontractors?A.Theyarerequiredtoworklongerhoursthantraditionalemployees.B.Theyareunabletochoosewhichclientstheywanttoserve.C.Theyareexcludedfromstandardlaborprotectionslikehealthinsuranceandpaidleave.D.Theyhavetopayhighertaxesontheirearnings.23.Howdoes"algorithmicmanagement"affectgigworkers?A.Itprovidespersonalizedcareercoachingandfeedback.B.Itallowsworkerstosettheirownpricesforservices.C.Itcreatesahigh-pressureenvironmentwithlittletransparencyorhumanrecourse.D.Itensuresfairdistributionoftasksamongallworkers.24.Whatdoestheterm"digitalTaylorism"inthepassagereferto?A.Amethodfortrainingworkersusingdigitaltools.B.Theuseofalgorithmstomaximizeefficiencyattheexpenseofworkerwell-being.C.Anewformofdigitalcurrencyusedinthegigeconomy.D.Thetrendofworkersorganizingunionsonline.25.Whatsolutiondoestheauthorsuggestregardingthefutureofthegigeconomy?A.Banninggigeconomyplatformstoprotecttraditionaljobs.B.Ignoringthetrendandfocusingontraditionalemploymentsectors.C.Adaptingregulatoryframeworkstoextendbenefitsandprotectionstogigworkers.D.Encouragingworkerstoacceptthelackofsecurityinexchangeforflexibility.PassageTwoTheconceptof"deeptime,"popularizedbygeologistJohnWesleyPowellinthelate19thcentury,referstothevastexpansesofgeologicaltimethathaveshapedtheEarth.Unlikehumanhistory,whichismeasuredinyears,decades,orcenturies,deeptimeismeasuredinmillionsandbillionsofyears.Graspingthisconceptisintellectuallychallengingbecauseitliesfaroutsidethescaleofhumanexperience.Ourbrainsareevolvedtounderstandtimeframesrelevanttoourlifetimes—seconds,days,seasons—noteons.Yet,understandingdeeptimeisessentialforcomprehendingtheprocessesthathavemadeourplanethabitableandthecurrentenvironmentalcrisesweface.ThelayersofrockthatmakeuptheEarth'scrustarethearchivesofdeeptime.Throughthestudyofstratigraphy,scientistscanreadtheselayerslikethepagesofabook.Fossilsembeddedwithintheserocksprovidesnapshotsoflifefromeraslongpast,revealingadynamichistoryofevolution,extinction,andregeneration.TheGrandCanyon,forexample,offersavisiblecross-sectionofgeologicalhistory,exposingrocklayersthatspannearlytwobillionyears.Standingattherim,oneislookingnotjustatalandscape,butatatemporalabyss.Humanactivities,however,arenowexertingaforcesoprofoundthatscientistsarguewehaveenteredanewgeologicalepoch:theAnthropocene.Thistermdenotestheperiodduringwhichhumanactivityhasbecomethedominantinfluenceonclimateandtheenvironment.Wehavealteredtheplanet'satmosphere,hydrosphere,andbiosphereonascalecomparabletothegreatforcesofnature.Theburningoffossilfuelshasrapidlyincreasedcarbondioxidelevels,leadingtooceanacidificationandglobalwarming.Plasticpollutionhascreatedadistinctgeologicallayeridentifiableinthestrata.ThejuxtapositionofdeeptimeandtheAnthropocenecreatesajarringparadox.Ononehand,weliveonaplanetthathasenduredimmensechangesoverbillionsofyears—iceages,asteroidimpacts,andcontinentaldrift.Fromtheperspectiveofdeeptime,thehumanspeciesisamereblip,andourindustrialcivilizationisafractionofasecond.Thisperspectivecanleadtoasenseofcomplacency;iftheEarthhassurvivedeverythingbefore,itwillsurviveustoo.Ontheotherhand,therateofchangeintheAnthropoceneisunprecedented.Whilegeologicalprocessesusuallyunfoldovermillennia,human-inducedchangesareoccurringoverdecades.Weareconductingamassive,uncontrolledexperimentontheEarth'ssystems.Theplanetmayindeed"survive"inthesensethatitwillcontinuetoorbitthesun,butthebiospherethatsupportshumancivilizationandcountlessotherspeciesisunderseverethreat.Massextinctionevents,similartotheonethatwipedoutthedinosaurs,arearealpossibility.Understandingdeeptimeoffersahumblingcorrectivetohumanarrogance.Itremindsusthatwearenottheownersoftheplanet,buttemporaryinhabitantsofacomplex,ancientsystem.Italsohighlightstheresponsibilitywebear.WhilewecannotdestroytheEarthitself,wepossessthepowertodrasticallyaltertheconditionsthatmakelifepossible.Recognizingourplaceindeeptimeencouragesashiftinvalues—fromshort-termeconomicgaintolong-termstewardship.Itsuggeststhatourlegacyshouldnotbeadistinctlayerofplasticandradioactivewaste,butaconsciousefforttopreservetheintricateweboflifeforthemillenniatocome.26.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthegeologicaltechniquesusedtodaterocksandfossils.B.Toarguethathumanhistoryismoreimportantthangeologicalhistory.C.ToexploretheconceptofdeeptimeanditsrelevancetotheAnthropocene.D.ToprovideadetailedhistoryoftheGrandCanyon'sformation.27.Whyisgraspingtheconceptofdeeptimedifficultforhumans?A.Becausehistoricalrecordsonlygobackafewthousandyears.B.Becausethehumanbrainisevolvedtounderstandmuchshortertimeframes.C.Becausegeologicalprocessesaretoocomplextounderstandwithoutadvancedtechnology.D.BecausethereisinsufficientphysicalevidenceoftheEarth'searlyhistory.28.HowdoestheauthorcharacterizetheAnthropocene?A.Asaperiodofstabilityfollowingthelasticeage.B.Asatimewhennaturalforcesarethedominantinfluenceontheplanet.C.Asanepochwherehumanactivityhasbecometheprimarydriverofplanetarychange.D.Asatheoreticalconceptthathasnotyetbeenprovenbyscientists.29.Whatisthe"jarringparadox"mentionedinthepassage?A.TheEarthisveryold,yethumancivilizationisveryyoung.B.Geologicalchangesareslow,buthuman-inducedchangesareincrediblyfast.C.Humansaredestroyingtheplaneteventhoughwerelyonitforsurvival.D.Wehavethetechnologytostudydeeptimebutfailtolearnfromit.30.Whatconclusiondoestheauthordrawregardingourunderstandingofdeeptime?A.ItleadstocomplacencybecausetheEarthhassurvivedworsedisasters.B.Itencouragesashifttowardslong-termstewardshipoftheplanet.C.ItprovesthathumansarethemostimportantspeciesinEarth'shistory.D.Itsuggeststhathumaneffortstochangetheenvironmentarefutile.PartIIReadingComprehension(AnswerKeyandDetailedExplanations)SectionA1.M【解析】空格前有形容词intentional，空格后有名词use。此处需要一个副词来修饰use。选项中副词有consciously(M)和constantly(H)。根据上下文，“数字极简主义”提倡的是有目的的、有意识地使用数字工具，而不是“不断”地使用。Consciously更符合“intentional”的语境。句意：该理念提倡一种更有目的性和有意识的数字工具使用方式。2.C【解析】空格位于动词discard之前，修饰discard。此处需要副词。根据句意，支持者建议我们要仔细评估哪些技术为我们的生活增加价值，并无情地丢弃其余的。Ruthlessly(C)符合语境，表示决绝的态度。3.G【解析】空格前为is，空格后为名词resistance。此处需要形容词修饰resistance。根据上下文，应用程序被设计成利用心理弱点，因此需要一种自律的抵抗。Disciplined(G)符合句意。4.D【解析】空格后为名词satisfaction。此处需要形容词修饰satisfaction。根据语境，人们通过脱离数字技术重新发现线下活动，这些活动能提供有意义的满足感。Meaningful(D)符合句意。5.J【解析】空格后为名词短语humangoals。此处需要形容词修饰goals。根据句意，优化工具的使用是为了服务于特定的人类目标。Specific(J)符合语境。6.B【解析】空格前为increased，空格后为连词and和creativity。此处需要一个名词，且与creativity（创造力）并列，作为increased的宾语。Productivity(B)生产力，符合语境。句意：清理后的数字生活可以提高生产力和创造力。7.L【解析】空格前为nolonger，空格后为bynotifications。此处需要过去分词作谓语，或者形容词作表语。句意：当我们不再被通知分心时……Distracted(L)符合语境。注意：Interrupted(I)也是备选，但distracted更能描述被通知打扰后的心理状态。8.F【解析】空格位于be动词之后，介词to之前。结构为beallocatedto...。句意：节省下来的时间可以被分配给爱好、锻炼或社区参与。Allocated(F)符合句意。9.G【解析】空格后为名词effort。此处需要形容词修饰effort。句意：它需要自律的努力来建立和维护界限。Disciplined(G)在第3题用过，但题目允许重复使用吗？通常选词填空不重复使用，但看选项列表，G是disciplined。如果G已用，检查其他选项。Wait,letmere-checkthelist.List:A.substantial,B.productivity,C.ruthlessly,D.meaningful,E.fragmented,F.allocated,G.disciplined,H.constantly,I.interrupted,J.specific,K.vital,L.distracted,M.consciously,N.underlying,O.optional.第3题用了G。第9题还需要一个形容词修饰effort。句意：建立界限需要努力。Substantial(A)大量的，也是形容词。Itrequiressubstantialeffort.这也很通顺。让我们重新审视第3题和第9题。第3题：...resistanceisnecessary.什么样的抵抗？面对APP的成瘾性设计，我们需要“disciplined”抵抗。第9题：Itrequires______effort.建立界限需要什么样的努力？“Substantial”(大量的/实质性的)或者“Disciplined”。如果第3题选了G，第9题选A。让我们再看第7题。nolonger______bynotifications.被通知打断还是分心？Distracted(L)更好。再看第1题。intentionaland______use.Consciously(M)副词。再看第10题。______skill.Vital(K)至关重要的。所以第9题选A.substantial。10.K【解析】空格后为名词skill。此处需要形容词修饰skill。句意：控制数字消费的能力将成为个人和职业成功的一项至关重要的技能。Vital(K)符合句意。SectionB11.D【解析】题目说垂直农业显著减少了食物从农场到消费者的距离，从而降低碳排放。对应D段第一句：“verticalfarmingdrasticallyreduces'foodmiles'—thedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtoconsumer.”以及第二句提到的“reducesgreenhousegasemissions”。12.F【解析】题目说高昂的初始设置成本使得垂直农业难以在经济上与传统农业竞争。对应F段第一句：“theeconomicviabilityofverticalfarmingremainsasignificanthurdle”以及“Theinitialcapitalexpenditure...isstaggering.”13.E【解析】题目说垂直农业可以在不使用有害化学农药的情况下生产作物，造福当地生态系统。对应E段：“eliminatestherelianceonpesticidesandherbicides...withouttheecologicaldamagecausedbychemicalrunoff.”14.B【解析】题目说通过在堆叠层中种植作物，垂直农业每单位土地的产量比户外农业高得多。对应B段第一句：“growingcropsinverticallystackedlayers...produceasignificantlyhigheryieldpersquarefootcomparedtotraditionalfieldfarming.”15.G【解析】题目说批评者指出，除非使用可再生能源，否则人工照明的大量电力需求可能会抵消一些环境效益。对应G段：“Criticsarguethatunlessthisenergycomesfromrenewablesources,thecarbonfootprintofverticalfarmingcouldrivalorevenexceedthatoftraditionalfarming.”16.I【解析】题目说垂直农业在城市地区创造就业机会，并有助于缓解“食物荒漠”问题。对应I段：“Thesefarmscancreatejobsinurbanareas...”以及“providingfreshproduceto'fooddeserts'.”17.C【解析】题目说该方法使用水培或气培系统，所需水量仅为传统农业的一小部分。对应C段：“Theseclosed-loopsystemscanuseupto95%lesswaterthanconventionalfarmingmethods.”18.H【解析】题目说技术进步，如更便宜的LED和AI自动化，正在帮助克服垂直农业的经济和能源挑战。对应H段：“Proponents,however,arguethattechnologyisrapidlyaddressing