衔接点15 句子种类（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点15句子种类初中视角高中展望初中阶段，学生主要学习简单句，即只包含一个主语和谓语的句子。学生学习基本的句型结构，如主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）。此外，学生也会开始接触复合句，即包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解和使用复合句，包括各种类型的从句（如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等）。此外，学生需要掌握更复杂的句型结构，如倒装句、强调句、省略句等。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中句子种类考点聚焦】句子种类一、英语句子按照其用途可分四种1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!二、英语句子按照其结构可分三大类(1).简单句（Simple

Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句，AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?(2).并列句（Compound

Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，常用的并列连词有and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellasHeisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Don’tbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.(3).复合句（Complex

Sentences）：复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。ChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.The

film

had

beenon

when

we

got

to

the

cinema.【高中句子种类考点聚焦】课标解读英语句子按照使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四大类；按照句子结构（分句数量）可分为简单句、并列句、复合句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）三类。陈述句细分肯定句与否定句；疑问句包含一般疑问、特殊疑问、选择疑问、反义疑问句；祈使句侧重肯定结构与否定结构；感叹句聚焦what/how两种核心句式。并列句依托and/but/or/so等并列连词衔接分句；复合句是高中重难点，三大从句依托从句引导词搭建主从复合结构。总的来说，高中英语对句子种类不再局限于基础句式识别，侧重在完形、语法填空、短文改错、书面表达中辨析句式类型、精准选用连词与句式结构，要求学生依托句式特征读懂长难句、规范写作造句。考点清单英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句1．简单句：简单句是指只有一套主、谓结构（或并列主语和并列谓语）并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子。简单句由五种基本句型构成，如下：1）ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）2）ＳＶ（主＋谓）3）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）4）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）5）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）6)therebe句型1）主语+系动词+表语：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。常见的系动词有①be；②keep,remain,stay；③feel,taste,smell,sound,look；④seem,appear；⑤get,come,become,turn,grow,go；⑥prove,turnout等。ThisismyEnglishbook.Theweatherisgettingwindyandrainy.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.练习：划分句子成分a.Helookedunhappyatthattime.b.Itseemedlikeagoodideaatthetime.c.Sheturned21inJune.d.Iwassopleasedtohearfromyou.2)主语+谓语：此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）,如live,travel,work,lie,arrive,stay,agree,rise,fail,succeed,happen,getup，takeplace,等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。Poemsdon'ttranslateeasily.Myrecentbooksellsverywell.Thesunwasshining.练习：划分句子成分a.Itseconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyinthepasttenyears.b.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.c.Thismorningwemetattheschoolgateandwenttheretogether.3)主语+谓语+宾语：此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）,如spend,visit,reach,forget,explain,take,discover,waste,trust,dowith,lookforwardto,lookafter等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.。Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Youcanputthedishesinthekitchen.Theyatewhatwasleftover.练习：划分句子成分a.Intheafternoon,I’llshowyouaroundandtakeyoutosomeplacesofinterest.b.I’mlookingforwardtomeetingyousoon.c.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.d.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningtopopularmusicandcollectingstamps.4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give,

offer,lend,teach,bring,take,return,send,hand,

pass,buy,make,cook,get,sing,ask等。Thedriversavedusalotoftrouble.Theyhaveofferedus＄60,000forthehouse.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.练习：划分句子成分a.MrWangtaughtusEnglishlastyear.b.Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.c.Theyofferedhimajob,butheturneditdown.d.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhimthegoodnews.5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。本句型中的"宾语

+

宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的"间接宾语

+

直接宾语","间接宾语

+

直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。例：1)We

elected

Liu

Lei

monitor.

2)The

news

made

him

unhappy.

3)You

shouldn't

let

him

go

there

alone.

4)I

had

the

bike

repaired.

5)

I

feel

it

very

pleasant

to

be

with

your

family.

6)therebe句型表示人或事物"存在"的概念,一般译作"有",本句型句首的

There只是一个引导词,本身并无任何词汇意义。句子的主语是处于动词

be

后的那个名词。动词

be

的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致。动词

be

的时态随具体情况而变化。如果是单个的主语,动词

be则随这个主语的数和人称而变化。如果是并列的主语,动词be一般随最靠近be的那个主语的人称和数而变化。反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’tthere?或aren’tthere?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物动词,如

arrive,

come,

go,

exist,

happen,

live,

remain,

seem,

stand

等。a.There

is

a

dictionary

lyingon

the

desk.

b.There

will

be

a

sports

meet

next

week.

c.There

stands

a

big

tree

in

front

of

the

classroom.

e.There

used

to

be

a

shop

on

the

corner

of

the

street.

练习：划分句子成分a.Isawthekids/childrenplayingbytheriveratthattime.b.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.c.Ihadmywalletstolenonabusyesterdayafternoon.d.InoticedKatereadinginthelibraryallthemorning.e.Fatherasked/gotmetobringhimsomenewspapers.f.Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.综合练习：指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Hewishedmegoodluck.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_______________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+P)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________2.并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。1）并列句的构成方式：用连接词连接，前面可加逗号。例：Theseflowersarewhiteandthoseflowersarered.Wefishedallday,butwedidn'tcatchathing.Hurryup;it'sgettinglate.Ifoundabucket,putitinthesink,andturnedthetapon.Itookoffmycoat,searchedallmypockets,butcouldn'tfindmykey.2）并列句的分类：（1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.（2）表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.（3）表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.（4）表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.练习:指出下列划线词属于哪一类并列关系a.Neitherishemistaken,noramI.b.Notonlydidthestudentsdance,but(also)theirteachersang.c.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.d.Heworkedhard,yethefailed.e.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;neverthelessitistrue.f.Putonyourcoat,oryou'llcatchacold.g.Startoutrightaway,or/otherwiseyou'llmissthefirsttrain.h.Itwaslate,sowewenthome.i.Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.3.复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。状语从句——状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。定语从句——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。名词性从句主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。表语从句:用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。同位语从句:用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。例：1）Howthebooksellsdependsonitsauthor.（主语从句）2）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhecanarriveontime.（宾语从句）3）That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.（表语从句）4）Thequestionwhoshouldcomewithmehasnotbeensettled.（同位语从句）5）Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.（定语从句）6）BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhavelivedherefor5years.（状语从句）一．分析句子:阅读短文，判断加粗句子所属基本句型ANowautumnarrivesquietlyinourneighbourhood.①Theweatherbecomescoolandcomfortable.Ourcommunitycentregivesus②manyinterestingoutdooractivitieseveryweekend.Wefind③outdoorsportsrelaxingandhelpfulforourhealth.④Therearemanymapletreesalongbothsidesofthestreet.Wealwaysenjoythebeautifulsceneryinfall.BTomisavolunteerinthecitylibrary.①Heworkshardeveryweekday.Heusuallyreads②varioussciencebooksduringhissparetime.Thelibrariankeeps③thereadingroomtidyandquietallyearround.④ThereisabigbooksaleinthelibrarynextFriday.Lotsofreaderslookforwardtothecomingactivity.二、句子翻译1．你应该保持你的房间干净且整齐。(SVOC)(汉译英)______________________________________________________________2．我们的英语老师说话太快了。(S＋V＋Ad)(汉译英)______________________________________________________________________________3．过去十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(主语+谓语+状语)(汉译英)______________________________________________________________________________4．一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校参观。(SVOA)（汉译英）______________________________________________________________.5．我们学生应该经常与我们的父母交流想法。（SVOA）(汉译英)__________________________________________________________________________________________一、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。InternationalNursesDayisanannualcelebrationofthevitalworkandroleofnursesaroundtheworld.Theevent,whichwasfirstmarkedin1965,1(create)bytheInternationalCouncilofNurses.SinceJanuary1974,theglobalcelebrationsaretraditionallyheld212May.Butthisyear’scelebrationswillbe“extraspecial”.ThepublichasbeenaskedtoshinealightonTuesday.Therequestisin3(recognize)oftheWorldHealthOrganization.ChiefnursingofficerforEnglandRuthMayhasjoinedotherleadersin4(urge)peopletoshinealightfromtheirwindowat8:30pm.onTuesday5(mark)theday.MsMaysaidoftheevent,“InternationalDayoftheNurseis6(particular)specialthisyearnotjustbecausewemarkthe200thanniversaryofFlorenceNightingale’sbirthday,7becauseoftheextraordinaryworkallthosewhohavefollowedinherfootstepsaredoingin8fightagainstthenovelcoronavirus.Shecontinued“Iwanttothankeachandeveryoneofourfantasticnurses9areonthefrontlineinthebattleagainstthegreatesthealthemergencyinNHShistory.Theirprofessionalismandskillsarehelpingtosaveandrebuildcountlesslives.Iknowhowmuchthepublic’ssupporthascheeredmy10(colleague)duringthistestingtime.ItwouldmeanagreatdealifpeopleonceagainshowedtheirgratitudebyshiningalightfornursesthisTuesday.”二、阅读理解Whetheryoushopforfoodinatraditionalgrocerystoreorabig-boxstore,mostofyouroptionsarejunkfoods.Termsonfoodpackaginglike“lowfat,”“gluten-free,”“keto-friendly”and“agoodsourceoffiber”don’tanswerthefundamentalquestion:Isthisfoodgoodforme?Thereislittlereliableguidanceavailableforpeoplewhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(标签).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大胆的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahigh-sugarsodaorbreakfastcerealproduct,forexample,isanunhealthychoice.Chile,Mexico,Brazilanddozensofothercountrieshaveworkedtochangefoodlabeling.Researchhassuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnutritionalqualityandchangetheirpurchasinghabits.Finally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofover-processedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsumptionofdrinkshighinsugarandsodiumdeclinedbynearly25percent.InUruguayasurveypublishedin2020assessingtheearlyeffectsofnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticedthewarningchangedtheirdecisionsaboutbuyingaproduct.Ofthosewhochangedtheirdecisions,17percentsaidtheychoseasimilarproductwithfewerwarnings,and18percentdecidednottobuyasimilarproductatall.IntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingt