衔接点08 主谓一致（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点08主谓一致初中视角高中展望语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】考点1就近原则1．There________somejuiceandapplesinthefridge.A．was B．were C．is D．are2．________myfathernormymotherlikesspicyfood.Theybothprefersweetdishes.A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．Notonly3．Notonlymyfatherbutalsomygrandparents________inthecountryside.A．live B．lives C．isliving D．haslived考点2就远原则4．Jennyaswellasherclassmates________interestedindrawingpictures.A．is B．are C．have D．has5．Mr.Wangwithhiswifeandchildren______inthecountryside.A．enjoysliving B．enjoyliving C．enjoystolive D．enjoytolive6．Frankisn’tveryfriendlytoothers.Asaresult,allmyclassmatesexcepthim________Christmaspresentsfromoneanother.A．havegot B．hasgot C．gets D．weregetting考点3意义一致原则7．IplantotraveltoBeijingnextmonth,andIthink3,000yuan________enough.A．was B．are C．is D．were8．TheGreenfamily________tothesouthofthecountrynextweek.A．aregoingtomove B．wasmovingC．aremoving D．ismoving9．—Thehomeless________sopoorthattheyhavenowheretolive.—Exactly,buttoourjoy,thelocalgovernmentcan________themwithspecialplacestostay.A．is;offer B．are;give C．are;provide D．is;afford考点4语法一致原则10．Anumberofstudents________intheclassroomnow.A．is B．are C．was D．were11．Look!Apairofsportshoes________underthebed.It________mine.A．are,are B．is,are C．are,is D．is,is12．Aboutonethirdofmyclassmates________theirparentsdohouseworkonweekends.A．helps B．help C．tohelp D．helped【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】课标解读在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。典型例句：1.EitherheorIamwrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。2.ThesingeranddancercomesfromShanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。3.Anumberofstudentslikeplayingfootball.许多学生喜欢踢足球。考点清单一、主谓一致核心原则主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。语法一致：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“Thegirlreadsabook.”（女孩读书。）“Girlsreadbooks.”（女孩们读书。）意义一致：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Tendollarsisenoughforthispurchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语“Tendollars”是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。就近一致：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由“either...or...”“neither...nor...”“notonly...butalso...”等连接的句子中。例如：“Eitheryouorheisgoingtotheparty.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。）二、常见主谓一致情况归纳（一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致由and连接主语时不同人/物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。

例：LiMingandZhangHua

are

goodstudents.（李明和张华是好学生。）

Bothriceandwheat

are

grownhere.（这里种植水稻和小麦。）同一人/物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。

例：Theprofessorandwriter

is

speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。）

Fishandchips

is

apopulardish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。）必背：常被视为一个整体的“AandB”结构acupandsaucer一副杯碟ahorseandcart马车aknifeandfork一副刀叉alawandrule法规aneedleandthread一套针线fishandchips炸鱼加炸薯条each/every修饰→单数：并列主语前有each,every,manya等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

例：Eachdoctorandnurse

was

askedtohelp.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。）

Manyastudent

has

madethismistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。）由or/neither...nor等连接主语时就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。

例：EitheryouorJane

is

togo.（要么你去，要么简去。）

Neithertheteachernorthestudents

like

themusic.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。）由either...or，neither...nor，or，notonly...but(also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。AorB（A或B……）谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。EitherAorB（不是A就是B……）NeitherAnorB（A和B都不……）NotonlyAbutalsoB（不仅A……而且B……）（二）、单一主语的主谓一致以复数形式结尾的名词学科名词→单数：physics,mathematics等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例：Physics

is

afundamentalsubject.（物理是一门基础学科。）两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers,scissors等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被pair等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。

例：Mytrousers

are

white.（我的裤子是白色的。）

Apairofscissors

is

inthedrawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。chopsticks筷子compasses圆规glasses眼镜gloves手套jeans牛仔裤pants裤子（美国英语）scissors剪子shoes鞋shorts短裤socks短袜trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语）集体名词强调整体→单数：family,team等词强调整体时用单数。

例：Thefamily

is

movingtoNewYork.（这家人要搬到纽约。）强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。

例：Thefamily

have

differentopinions.（这家人意见不一。）切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。belongings财产clothes衣服earnings收入goods货物leavings剩余savings储蓄非谓语动词或从句作主语单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例：Swimming

is

goodforhealth.（游泳有益健康。）

Whathesaid

remains

amystery.（他的话仍是个谜。）多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。

例：Readingandwriting

are

essentialskills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。）（三）、其他情况的主谓一致表示距离、时间等的复数名词整体概念→单数：Fivedollars

seems

fair.（五美元听起来合理。）强调数目→复数：Onehundredcents

make

adollar.（100美分等于1美元。）不定代词作主语单数原则：everyone,something等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例：Everyone

was

surprisedatthenews.（所有人都对消息感到惊讶。）分数/百分数+of...结构of后名词决定单复数：

例：Twothirdsofthestudents

support

theplan.（三分之二的学生支持计划。）

Threefourthsoftheearth

is

water.（地球四分之三是水。）there/here引导的句子就近一致：谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。

例：There

is

abookandtwopens.（有一本书和两支笔。）

Here

are

somegiftsforyou.（这些是给你的礼物。）一、单句语法填空1．Thenumberofapplicants(rise)greatlyoverthepastthreeyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher(know)theanswertothequestion.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Nowadaysthetempleaswellasitssurroundinggardens(belong)toalocalfamily.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Thefirstorlastphrasespoken(be)memorisedbetterthantheconversationasawhole.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．AsfarasIknow,morethanonestudentaswellasthreeteachers(award)atthemeetingtheotherday.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Inmyopinion,itisnotthepassengersbutthedriverwho(be)toblame.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Thenumberofculturalheritagesitesinthisprovince(remain)stableoverthepastdecade.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．ThenumberofyoungpeoplelearningEnglish(increase)rapidlythesedays.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Whatmattersmosttothestudents(be)theirfinalexamresults,whilewhatlieontheteacher’sdesk(be)themarkedpapers.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Notonlyhisfriendsbutalsohe(wish)foraholidaynow.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．NeitherhenorI(finish)theexperimentsofar.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．Manyateacher(be)presentatthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．NotonlyTonybutalsohisparents(invite)tothepartylastnight.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Alargequantityofmoney(spend)ontheprojectsofar.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．Uptonow,twothirdsoftheproject(finish).(所给词的适当形式填空)16．There(be)acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetableinthepicture.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．It’snotTombutIthat(earn)alivingbyteaching.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．MrLi,ratherthanyou,(be)goingtovisitAmericatomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．Mysister,aswellasmyparents,(like)listeningtomusic.(所给词的适当形式填空)20．QianHujunatJilinUniversity,togetherwithhispartners,(call)thistheplasticstrilemma(三难困境).(所给词的适当形式填空)二、完成句子21．使他的计划成为现实的并非运气，而是多年的辛勤工作。(not...but...)Itwas________luck________yearsofhardworkthat________.22．显然，学生和老师昨晚都对表演不满意。________,neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________________withtheperformancelastnight.23．围绕着这个小村庄的，是青山和一条清澈的小河。________thesmallvillage________greenmountainsandaclearriver.24．Theexpertcommittee________________________fiveleadingscientistsandtwolegaladvisors.专家委员会由五位顶尖科学家和两位法律顾问组成。25．这座古城有许多可以发现的东西，难怪游客不断前来。(therebe)________________inthisancientcity,soit’snowonderthattouristskeepcomingback.26．Caringfortheelderlyisatraditionalvirtue,whichwillcontributeto________.照顾老人是一种传统美德，它不仅有助于家庭幸福，而且有助于构建和谐社会。（notjust...butalso...）27．或者你或者他每天得照顾那位病人。（either...or）_________________tolookafterthepatienteveryday.28．Eitheryouorthepresident________________aboutthetopic.要么你要么总统就这个话题发表演讲。29．Everymanandeverywoman________________now.现在所有男人和女人都在工作。30．_________theboysfromthefire.不仅是你而且还有他从火中救出了那些男孩。三、语篇填空（主谓一致专练）"Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart,"mymotheroftensays.Everydifficultyinmylife1(teach)metobestrong.Aftergraduation,Itogetherwithmybestfriend2(plan)tostartasmallbookstore.Thepoliceaswellasthecommunityworkers3(help)usgetthebusinesslicenselastmonth.Notonlythebooksbutalsothelovelystationery4(attract)manycustomerssofar.Threeyears5(be)notalongtime,butourstore6(become)popularnearby.Thenumberofregularvisitors7(increase)everymonth.WhatIneedtodonow8(be)tokeepprovidinggoodservice.Ibelievereading,togetherwithsharing,9(make)ourlifewarmer.AllthatIown10(come)frommyloveforlifeandhardwork.一、语法填空EasyWaystoBuildVocabularyIt'snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it's1ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement,2meansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.Ofcourseyouhavetoworkatit.Youwouldn'tthinkthatafew3(month)ofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenough4therestofyourlife,andthat'salsotrueforbuildingyourvocabulary--youhavetokeepatitdaily,andprettysoonyouwillfindthatyouhaveanexcellentvocabulary.Oneofthe5(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.Youneedto6(real)readatleastonegoodbookaweek,preferablyaclassic.Thisisn'tashardasit7(sound),anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyouimproveyourvocabularywhile8(read)aninterestingpieceofliterature.Anothernicethingisthatyoulearnbothnewwordsand9(they)useunconsciously,meaningthatyouwilltendtousethewords10(learn)thiswayinconversationsalmostautomatically.二、阅读理解Anupcomingwearabledevice(设备)fortheblindcouldhelpthemmovearoundpublicandoutdoorspacesontheirown,actingas“glasses”thatguidethem.Theglassesareactuallyaheadset,similartotheonesyoumightwearforVR(VirtualReality)experiences.Unlikethoseheadsets,thisonedoesn’tshowanypictures.Instead,itdeliverssoftshakesonyourforehead,alongwithsoundfrombuilt-inspeakers,toguideyouthroughpublicareas.Thedeviceisnoticeableindesign.Ithasasizeablesensorfixedontheforehead,acamerasetinthefront,andalargebatterygroupattheback.Itsupportsuptotwohoursofuseonasinglecharge,andthewholepackageweighs1kg.TheAI-poweredsystemworksoutsensorreadings(传感器读数)over100timesasecond.Ithelpsthedeviceunderstandwhereyou’rewalkingandwhat’sinfrontofyou,soyoucanavoidthingsthatblocktheway.Youcanuseyourvoicetoaskforguidancetospecificplaces.Youcansetlocationslike“home”or“work”inadvance,andthedevicewillunderstandsimpleinstructionslike“takemetomyoffice”,thenleadyouallthewaytotherightbuilding.Thede