第二节　形容词和副词 高中英语

第二节形容词和副词考点1形容词和副词的用法1.形容词用法：修饰名词作定语；跟在系动词后作表语；跟在宾语后作宾补；还可用作状语。Thewomanmanagedtoescapefromthefirewithherbaby，extremelyterrifiedandexhausted.这名妇女带着她的孩子逃出了火场，极度惊恐，精疲力竭。Heleft,leavingmealoneintheroom.他离开了，把我一个人留在房间里。2.副词用法：修饰动词；修饰形容词或副词；单独作状语。Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。[点拨]有些副词如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作评注性状语时，往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法，通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。考点2形容词变副词的规则类别例词直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为-le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y(whole例外)terrible→terribly极度地gentle→gently轻柔地whole→wholly整个地词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e，再加-lytrue→truly真实地词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-yfull→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科学地考点3形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化a.单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加-er，-est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：特殊情况构成方法例词以不发音的字母-e结尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾变y为i，再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾，再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottestb.多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more和most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily[点拨](1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,secure和以-ow，-er结尾的词。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right，wrong，excellent，complete，empty，first，wooden，final，east，last等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbad，badly，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar·farther[指时间或空间上“更远(的)”]·further[指空间距离“更远(的)”；在更大程度上]·farthest[指时间或空间上“最久(的)；最远(的)”]·furthest[指空间距离“最远(的)”；在最大程度上]oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.比较等级的常用句型(1)同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。(2)比较级：“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。(3)最高级：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“oneofthe＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有byfar,almost以及序数词等。Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。(4)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原级”表示“越来越……”。Itisrecognisedthattheenvironmentalpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious.人们公认环境污染已变得越来越严重了。(5)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。(6)“the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。3.比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothingcouldbebetterifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.如果有人主动提出帮助他们，那就再好不过了。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：·比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词·比较级＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词·比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。4.倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B(5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。【解题指导】1.根据句子成分判断是形容词还是副词(1)若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。(2)当设空处作状语时，要首先考虑填副词。【典例1】Theriverwassopollutedthatit(actual)caughtfireandburned.答案actually[此处修饰动词caught，在句中作状语，应用副词形式。]【典例2】Readinghistoryisan(amaze)experiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.答案amazing[此处修饰名词experience，在句中作定语，应用形容词形式。]2.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级【典例1】Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris(clean)thanever.答案cleaner[根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。]【典例2】Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.答案stronger[根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级，表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。]3.看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级【典例】(全国Ⅲ卷)Theywerealsothebestand(bad)yearsinmylife.答案worst[由并列连词and前面的“thebest”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。]4.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.答案earlier[由hadmade可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。]5.看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级(1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...【典例】The(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.答案harder[分析句子结构可知，此句为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。](2)the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句【典例】Mymummakesthe(good)biscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.答案best[此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“intheworld”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。]单句语法填空①Researchersbelievestrongly(strong)thenewfindingswillenrichthearchitecturalhistoryofprehistoricChina.②Besidessavingtime,the3D-printedarchitectureischeaper(cheap)incomparisonwithbuildingsusingconventionaltechniquesaswell.③SurfersAgainstSewage,anenvironmental(environment)organizationbasedinCornwallinEngland,organizedtheproject.④Despitetheirsize,theyareunbelievably(unbelievable)fast.⑤Designedandconstructedtothehighest(high)everstandardsforgreenandsustainablehousing,thethreevillageswillbeabletoaccommodate5，500athletesandteamofficials.【综合演练】层级一模拟达标练1.(2023·石家庄质量检测)Inspiredbywhathadbecomeatruly(true)globalevent,CoubertindesignedthesymboloftheGames:theOlympicrings.2.(2023·邯郸期末)Certainly(certain),IfeelverygladbecausethecompetitionwentwellandIamsatisfiedwiththeresultoftherehearsals.3.(2023·沈阳一模)In2018,itwassetasChinaHuafuDaytoadvocatetheelegant(elegance)traditionalChineseclothes.4.(2023·铁岭六校3月联考)Aftercommunicationandworkingtogether,theyhaveseenthatourprofessionalandskiingskillsareactually(actual)verystrong,Baisaid.5.(2023·河北部分名校3月联考)Ithinkthathomeworkisanimportantfactorinastudent’s(student)education.6.(2023·烟台、德州一模)Chinesepaintingbecamepopulararound581ADasmoreandmorepeoplebegantoshowappreciation(appreciate)ofitsbeauty.7.(2023·河北九师联盟3月联考)Uptonow,peoplehadtomakeproductionadjustments(adjust)throughexperience.8.(2023·唐山一模)However,associetyprogresses,therapidriseinincomesandhigher(high)livingstandardswillseemoreChinesesearchingforexperiencesthatareanythingbuttraditional.9.(2023·张掖第二次联考)Hebelieveshislifewillbedifferentwithouttheresponsibility(responsible)ofdeliveringthemailbuthecanhandleit.10.(2023·乐山第二次调研)Researchersthinktheyarethemostcompleteandearliest(early)woodenstructurebuildingfoundationinChina.层级二高考真题练1.(2022·全国甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad，inordertopromoteenvironmentalprotection(protect).2.(2022·全国甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaningful(meaning).3.(2022·全国甲卷)In2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’shighest(high)mountain.4.(2022·全国乙卷)Chinahasaresponsibility(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulations(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.6.(2022·浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci，forexample，roughly(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.7.(2022·浙江1月卷)Whentheanswerwasno，shedeclinedtheinvitation(invite).8.(2021·全国乙卷)Providefinancial(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,thehotter(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish).10.(2021·全国甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetter(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!层级三语篇提能练Inrecentyears,trampolining(蹦床运动)hasgainedgreat1.(popular)amongChineseyouths.Shortvideosshowingpeople’sexcitement