2023年上海中学高二（下）期末英语试卷含答案

92023年上海中学高二下期末考试Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21.MostoftheworldviewsfreedomofopinionasabasichumanrightandweChinesepeoplealsoconsiderit.______A.assuchB.suchasC.assoD.soas22.Suchfearsoffailingthetestsyouhavearetotallyunnecessary.You'dbetterremovethemfromyourmind.A.thatB.whichC.asD.so23.Despiteeverymeanstounlockthesecretsofnature,therestillexistcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatarenotfullyunderstood.A.hasbeentriedB.havebeentriedC.triedD.tries24.AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Meatpieswon'tjustfallfromtheskyonhappenstobeluckyenoughtobelivingbelow.”A.whoB.anyoneC.whoeverDwhomever25.Onthepleasantshoreofthecity,abouthalfwaybetweenMarseillesandtheItalianboarder,alargenumberofoaktrees.A.standB.standsC.doesstandD.standingare26.Nomatterhowfrequently,theplaysofShakespearestillattractpeopleworldwide.A.beingperformedB.tobeperformedC.it'sperformedD.performed27.Itwassadtothevolunteerthatthefarmers,sopoorthemselves,bringhimfood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could28.Inhistime,heenjoyedareputationinmusic.A.asgreatasMozart,ifnotgreaterthanB.asgreat,ifnotgreater,asMozartC.asgreatas,ifnotgreatthan,MozartD.greater,itnotasgreatasMozart29.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothenewcampus.Itwasnotfarfromthemaincampus.—Yes.Takingtheshuttlebusatallnecessary.A.wasn'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeen30.Inthepastthreeyears,thehomeroomteacherhaswitnessedmanycasesofherstudentsbyfailures.A.tobefrustratedB.havingbeenfrustratedC.befrustratedD.frustrated31.Sheisveryfaithfulinthatshewillalwaysbethereafterthefriendsyouforgottenyourveryname.A.haveB.hadC.hadhaveD.havehad32.Thegraduationsongsfortheclassof2023havebeenheardmanytimestoday.A.tobroadcastB.havebroadcastC.broadcastD.broadcasting33.Morethanhalfamillingpipesincitiesbursteveryyear,somorethan6billiongallonsofwaterleakypipes.A.arelosttoB.arelosingtoC.losetoD.havelostto34.Priceline.comCEOJeffBoydblamedon-goingfinancialproblemsworldwideforkeepingpotentialtravelers athome.A.struckB.strokeC.stuckD.split35.Fieldsoftallcornintothedistancewhereveryoulooked.A.swayedB.stretchedC.shatteredD.slipped36.Hispublicimageasagenerousandkindbusinessexecutiveahistoryofviolentcrimeagainstanimals.A.sufferedB.ensuredC.explodedD.masked37.Theuniversityfacedacostoverrunatightbudgetcoupledwithmiscalculation.A.insuccessiontoB.inrelationtoC.inchargeofD.onaccountofSectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.TwoAncientStoriesandtheGeologicalEventsThatMayHaveInspiredThemMythshavefedtheimaginationsandsoulsofhumansforthousandsofyears.Thevastmajorityofthesearejuststoriespeople1（hand）downthroughtheages.Butafewhaverootsinrealgeologicaleventsofthepast,providingwarningofpotentialdangersandspeakingtotheaweweholdforthepoweroftheplanet.TheOracle（神示所）atDelphiInancientGreece,inthetownofDelphiontheslopesofMountParnassus,therewasatemple2（devote）tothegodApollo.Withinasacredchamber,apriestesscalledthePythiawouldbreatheinsweet-smellingvaporscomingfrom3crackintherock.ThesevaporswouldsendherintoastateofexcitementduringwhichshewouldchannelApolloandspeak4wouldthenbeturnedintoprophesies（预言）byapriest.Science:Thetemplewasarealplace,andscientistshavediscoveredtwogeologicfaults（断层）5（run）beneaththesite,nowinruins.Gaswaslikelycomingfromthosecracks6theoraclewasinaction.AtlantisPlato,theancientGreekphilosopher,wrotethatAtlantis,agreatcivilizationfoundedbyaraceofpeoplewhowerehalfgodandhalfhuman,7（destroy）inagreatdisaster.Science:Atlantisprobablywasn'tarealplace,butarealislandcivilizationmayhaveinspiredthetale.8thecontestantsisSantoriniinGreece.Santoriniisnowagroupofislands,butthousandsofyearsagoitwasasingleisland–avolcanonamedThera.Around3,500yearsago,thevolcanoblewup,destroyingtheisland,settingofftsunamisandblowingtonsofsulfurdioxide（二氧化硫）intotheatmosphere9itcontinuedtoexistforyearsandprobablycausedmanycold,wetsummers.Thoseconditionswouldhaveruinedharvestsintheregionandarethought10（contribute）tothequickdeclineoftheMinoans,whohaddominatedtheMediterraneanfromnearbyCrete.SectionCDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.financesB.continuedC.declineD.addressingE.pressuredAB.unneedyAC.givingAD.chargesAE.temperedBC.skippingBD.causeHowtoCheckOutaCharityBeforeYouDonateYouhearthewords“childhooddisease”or“naturaldisaster,”anditcanbehardtosaynotodonationrequeststohelp.Butyourinstincttobegenerousalwaysshouldbe38byahealthydoseofdoubt.TherecentcrackdownlaunchedbytheFederalTradeCommission（FTC）onfourcancercharitiesagoodremindertomakesureyourdonationsareputtogooduse.Sohowcanyoumakesurethatthemoneyyougivedoesn'tendupliningthepocketsofthe39?Followthesetips.Hangupontelemarketers.ThecancercharitieschargedwithfraudbytheFTCusedtelemarketingcallstoraisedonations.Ifyougetacallfromagroupaskingformoney,youmightfeel40tomakeadonationonthespot.ButtheFTCcautionsthatyoushouldn'trushtosayyesbut41anyrequeststogiveoverthephone.Telemarketingcompaniesoftenkeepasignificantportionofthefundstheyraise.You'rebetteroff42themiddlemanandcontactingacharitydirectlytomakeadonation.Don'twaitforcharitiestocometoyou.Toavoidfeelingthepressuretogivetoanorganizationthatreachesouttoyou,figureoutwhat43isimportanttoyou.Thenfindcharitiesthatare44it.YoucanbrowsecharitiesthathavebeenevaluatedbyCharityNavigatorbycategorytoidentifygroupsyouwanttosupport.Havinga（n）45planwillmakeiteasiertoavoidmakingimpulsedonations.Researchbeforeyougive.TheFTC46againstthefourcancercharitiesshowsthatjustbecauseanorganizationclaimstodogooddoesn'tmeanitactuallydoes.That'swhyit'simportanttofindoutasmuchasyoucanabouthowanorganizationwilluseyourdonationbeforeyougive.Youcanstartwiththird-partyevaluationsandratingsatsitessuchasCharityNavigatorandCharityWatch,whichexaminecharities'47,governanceandeffectiveness.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ForeignaidandNGOscanmakethingsworsewhendisasterstrikesNearlyallofusarecollectivedonorsinsomesense-whengovernmentssendrelieftodisasterareas,themoneytheyusecomesfromtaxpayers.Manyofusarealso48donors,sendingfundsdirectlyfromourownwalletstocharitableorganizations.Butinthepast10to15years,accusationsof49reliefeffortsandunuseddonationshavegeneratedconcernamongdonors.Theseconcernsarenot50;large-scaleinternationaldisasterreliefcanhavedrawbacksthatrangefromwastingresourcestoseriouslyundermining（削弱）localgovernments.Oneofthebiggestchallengestodisasterreliefiscoordination（协调）.Afterdisasterstrikes,immediatenecessitiesareimportant,butwhatisthebestwayto51them?Unfortunately,pouringdonateditemsintoadisasterareacan52reliefefforts.Theirarrivalinlargenumberscancause“theseconddisaster”,53reliefworkerswithextraresponsibilitiesandtakinguppreciousspace.Thentherearetheconsequenteffectsof54fordonationsforsuddenbigemergencies.Aheartfeltexpressionoffeelingcanharmothercharitableeffortsbyredirectingfunds.The2007economicdecline,55,hitUScharitablegivingwhichdidn'trecoveruntil2014.Insuchatimeofdonation56,increasingdonationstoadisasterareacantakefundsawayfromothereffortsthatmightbeabletouseitbetter.Ifcoordinationisgoodandimmediatereliefgoeswell,damagedcommunitiesmoveintothe57phase.Forindividuals,thisincludesreturningtowork,andrecollectingpersonalnetworks,allofwhichrequire58tobasicpublicservices.Thecharitablesupplyoftheseservicescanhave59consequences.Mostphilanthropic（慈善的）organizationswantto60theirrebuildingeffortswithlocalworkers.Thispracticeisbeneficialtoapost-disastereconomyasitprovidesa（n）61sourceofwages.Butifsalariesandworkstandardsofthesevisitingorganizationsarehigherthanthoseofferedintherecoveryarea,thesevisitorsendupcausinganintemal62.Topemployeesarenolongeravailableorwillingtoworkinthepublicsector.48.A.individualB.generousC.competentD.cautious49.A.involuntaryB.desperateC.ill-intentionedD.counterproductive50.A.reasonableB.unfoundedC.promptD.limited51.A.strikeB.secureC.deliverD.pace52.A.renewB.resistC.demandD.slow53.A.overloadingB.supplyingC.chargingD.greeting54.A.votesB.appealsC.pressuresD.substitutes55.A.onthecontraryB.asaresultC.inthemeanwhileD.forexample56.A.fearB.boomC.scarcityD.change57.A.finalB.recoveryC.criticalD.distinct58.A.referenceB.attentionC.accessD.favor59.A.positiveB.immediateC.mixedD.uncertain60.A.staffB.benefitC.replaceD.survive61.A.externalB.reliableC.naturalD.solid62.A.weakeconomyB.unstablecommunityC.classprejudiceD.braindrainSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Myfamilylosteverythinginthelittle-knownfloodofBatonRouge,LouisianalastyearthattheRedCrosscalledthe“WorstUSdisastersinceHurricaneSandy.”Itbeganraininginmid-August.Thenitrainedsomemore,gotmorepowerful,anddidn'tstopfordays.Therewastalkthatthelocalriversweregoingtocrest（到达顶点）andcausesomeprettyseriousflooding.WelivedsomewhatclosetotheAmiteRiver,butourseniorneighborstoldusthatourneighborhoodhadn'tfloodedinover100years.Localnewssaidthatthenearbyhighschoolmaygetalittlebitofwaterinsidefromtherisingriver.Wethoughtwehadacoupleofdaystoplanonhowweweregoingtoshelterinplacebecauseoftheweatherforecast.Onthe13thofAugustIwokeup,walkedoutsideandheadedtowardthedirectionoftheriver.Someofthelowerareaswerecollectingwaterbuttherewasnostandingwateranywherenearmyhouseorevenmyneighborhood.Iwentbackhomeandtoldmywifeweshouldprobablygetsomesuppliesincasethisgotserious;thatmaybeweshouldevenpackacarincaseweneededtoleavethoughIwasfairlycertaintherewasnothingtoworryabout.About30minutesintoslowlypackingtherewasaloudbangingonmyfrontdoor.Itwasmywife'scousin.Iopenedthedoorandshesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?!Getoutofthehouse!”Ilookedbehindherandnoticedmyentireyardunderwaterandthewaterlineonlyaboutahalf-inchfromgoingovermydoorstepandintomyhouse.Iwasfloored.Theriverwasn'tsupposedtocrestuntilthenextday.Ithoughtwehadmoretime.Iyelledatmywife,“Wehavetogetoutofthehouse.Now!”Wepackedupbothourcarsinabout10minuteswithonlyourmostpreciousmemories.Everythingelsewehadbuiltduringa10-yearmarriagewasleftbehind.Weevacuatedabout5mileseastawayfromtherivertomywife'sgrandmothers.Afterbeingthereforaboutanhoursomeonecametothefrontdoorandsaid,“Youguysnedtogetout.Theriveriscoming.”Sureenough,heryardwasfloodingtoo.Weevacuatedasecondtimeinasmanyhourstohercousin'shouseevenfurthereast.Afteronlyanhourweweretoldagainthattheriverwasonthewayandwehadtoleave.63.Theauthorrealizedthearrivalofthefloodwhen.A.therainstartedtofallheavilyandnon-stopB.thenearbyhighschoolwasslightlyaffectedC.therewasstandingwaterinsomelowerareasD.hewasinformedbyhiswife'scousinatthedoor64.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Iwasfloored”inthe6thparagraph?A.Hewasclamenoughtocopewiththeflood.B.Hebecametrappedbytherisingfloodwater.C.Hewasshockedbytheearlyarrivaloftheflood.D.Helosthistemperwithhiswifeforbeingunprepared.65.Fromthestory,whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sevacuation?A.Hedidn'ttakeactionimmediatelydespitehisneighbor'swarning.B.Hetrustedtheweatherforecastsothathepreparedhimselfinadvance.C.Heandhiswifebroughtsomesuppliesandvaluablebelongingswiththem.D.Hewasforcedtoleavethetemporaryhomesagainandagaintoavoiddanger.66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MutualSupportinDisastersB.BatonRougeFloodingC.HowtoSurviveaFloodD.MethodsofPredictingFloods“BlackBlizzard（暴风雪）”byMaurineV.ElederThissuspensefulstoryfollowstwoyounggirls,athomealone,whenaduststormarises.Despitetheiryoungage,BettyandMaryAnnquicklytakeactionwhenthesevereduststormhits.Theybegintakingmeasurestoblockthedustfromcomingintothehouse,whichwouldmaketheairunbreathable.Althoughtheyarefrightened,theytakecomfortthinkingtheycanjustwaitoutthestorminsidetheirhome.Unfortunately,Bettyrealizesherbelovedhorseiscaughtoutinthe“blackblizzard.”Onewrongmoveintheblindingstorm,andFancifootcouldinjurehimself--orworse.BettyfacesthedifficultdecisionofleavingheryoungersistertobravethestormorriskingFancifoot'slifetoremaininsafetyTeacherscouldusethistexttoteachthehistoryoftheDustBowlofthe1930sortoteachthesciencebehindthecausesandeffectsofsoilerosion.“TornadoComing!”byDickDonleyIfyourstudentslovethenail-bitingtale“BlackBlizzard,”they'lllove“TornadoComing!”aswell.Becausethisstoryincludesatornado,ayoungkid,asmalldog,andastrangeneighbor,youmightberemindedofanothertaleyou'vereadbefore.However,therearenotalkingscarecrows（稻草人）orflyingmonkeysinthisstory!MattishomealonewithBusterwhenhehearsthesiren（警报）warningofatornado.Mentallytickingthroughthesafetytipshelearnedinschool,Mattheadsforthestormcellar（防风地窖）withthetornadoformingathisback.Withonlymomentstospare,Mattrealizeshemustleavehislittledoginthesafetyofthestormcellartoruntotheaidofhisunpleasantneighbor,Mrs.Laney.Afterthestormpasses,Mattdoesn'twakeuptofindhimselfinAustralia;however,hedoesfindhimselfinaprettyoddplace.Thistextweaveshelpfultornadosafetymeasuresthroughoutanarrativestory.Foracreativefollow-upactivity,teacherscouldassigndifferentnaturaldisasterstosmallgroupsforresearch.Then,groupscouldusetheirresearchandthemodeltext“TornadoComing!”toincorporatesafetytipswithintheirownshortstoriesabouttheirassignednaturaldisaster.67.Thetargetreadersofthispassageareteacherswho.A.wanttohelpstudentslearnaboutnaturaldisastersB.takeaninterestinstoresrelatedtonaturaldisastersC.havetheneedtoequipchildrenwithsafetymeasuresD.arelookingforinvitingandinspiringchildren'sstories68.Wecanlearnfromthetextsthat.A.BettyandMaryaretooyoungtofightagainstthestormaloneB.BettyistornbetweensavingFancifoot'slifeandprotectingMaryC.MattoffersMrs.LaneytimelyhelpatthecostoflosinghislittledogD.Studentscanaddsafetytipsforothernaturaldisastersto“TornadoComing!”69.Whatdothetwobookshaveincommon?A.Bothinvolveanaturaldisaster,littlekids,ananimalandaneighbor.B.Theytouchuponthethemeofcaringforothersandself-reliance.C.Helpfulsafetymeasuresarehighlightedinthenarratives.D.Themaincharacterssufferpainandfaceadilemma.（C）Here'showthePacificNorthwestispreparingfor“TheBigOne”.It'sthemotherofalldisasterdrillsforwhatcouldbetheworstdisasterinAmericanhistory.Californiahasspentyearspreparingfor“TheBigOne”—theinevitableearthquakethatwillundoubtedlybringaboutallkindsofdamagealongthefamousSanAndreasfault.ButwhatifthefaultthatrunsalongthePacificNorthwestdeliversagiganticearthquakeofitsown?IfthepeopleoftheCascadiaregionhaveanythingtodowithit,theywon'tbecaughtunawares.Theregionisengagedinamulti-dayearthquake-and-tsunamidrillinvolvingaround20,000people.TheCascadiaRisingdrillgivesarearesidentsandemergencyrespondersachancetopracticewhattodoincaseofa9.0-magnitudeearthquakeandtsunamialongoneofthenation'sdangerousandunderestimatedfaults.TheCascadiaEarthquakeZoneisbigenoughtocompetewithSanAndreas（it'sbeencalledthemostdangerousfaultinAmerica）,butit'smuchlesserknownthanitsCaliforniacousin.Nearly700mileslong,theearthquakezoneislocatedbytheNorthAmericanPlateoffthecoastofPacificBritishColumbia.Washington,OregonandNorthernCalifornia.Cascadiaiswhat'sknownasa“megathrust”fault.Megathrustsarecreatedinsubductionzones（俯冲带）—platetectonic（板块构造）boundarieswheretwoplatesconverge（相交）.Intheareaswhereoneplateisbeneathanother,stressbuildsupovertime.Duringamegathrustevent,allofthatstressreleasesandsomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulearthquakeoccur.Rememberthe9.IearthquakeandtsunamiintheIndianOceanoffSumatrain2004?ItwascausedbyamegathrusteventastheIndiaplatemovedbeneaththeBurmamicro-plate.ThelasttimeamajorearthquakeoccurredalongtheCascadiafaultwasin1700,soofficialsworrythatanothereventcouldoccuranytime.Topreventthateventfrombecomingaseveredisaster,firstresponderswilljoinmembersofthepublicinrehearsalsthatinvolvecommunication,evacuation,searchandrescue,andotherpossiblesituations.Thousandsofcasualties（伤亡人员）areexpectedifa9.0earthquakeweretooccur.First,theearthquakewouldshakemetropolitanareasincludingSeattleandPortland.Thiscouldcauseatsunamithatwouldcreatedamagealongthecoast.Notallcasualtiescannecessarilybeprevented-butbycoordinatingacrosslocal,state,andevennationalborders,officialshopethattheworst-casesituationcanbeprevented.Ontheexercise'swebsite,officialsexplainthatthereporttheyprepareduringthisrehearsalwillinformdisastermanagementforyearstocome.ForhundredsofthousandsofCascadiaresidents,“TheBigOne”isn'taquestionofif,onlywhen.Andit'snevertooearlytogetreadyfortheinevitable.70.Whatdoes“TheBigOne”referto?A.AgiganticgeologicalfaultinAmerica.B.Alarge-scaledrilltopreparefordisasters.C.Amassiveanddestructivenaturaldisaster.D.Massdestructioncausedbytheearthquake.71.WhatisthepurposeoftheCascadiaRisingdrill?A.Topreparepeopleforamajorearthquakeandtsunami.B.Toincreaseresidents'awarenessofupcomingdisasters.C.Toteachpeoplenowhowadapttopost-disasterlife.D.Tocopewiththeaftermathofapossibleearthquake.72.Whathappensincaseofamegathrustearthquakeaccordingtothepassage?A.Twoplatesmergeintoone.B.Avarietyofforcesconverge.C.Boundariesblurbetweenplates.D.Enormousstressisreleased.73.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Alarge-scaledrillissupposedtopreventdeathsintheearthquake.B.SanAndreasfaultoncedelivereda9.1earthquakeintheIndianOcean.C.NomassiveearthquakeisexpectedtostrikeCalifomiainthenearfuture.D.Disaster-reliefeffortsatdifferentlevelsmayhelpreducepossiblelosses.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Itisbecausecaringforpeopleisanactivitytraditionallyconsideredtobetypicalofwomen.B.Itissometimesusedtoshutw