【基础精练】Unit 5 Humans and Nature 语法知识点扫盲-2022-2023学年高一英语练好基础（北师大版2019必修第二册）

Unit5HumansandNature语法知识点扫盲关系副词引导的定语从句语法图解观察句子1．(教材P30)Thatwasthedaywhenittookonlysixhourstobreakmybodyandsoul.2．(教材P31)Asyoucansee,thereasonwhyI'mheretotellthestoryisthatImadetherightdecision.3．(教材P31)Iwasstilltiedtothebarrelandthewavessooncarriedmetoanareawheretheotherfishermenwere.我的领悟关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在定语从句中充当句子成分。when作时间状语，如例句1；why作原因状语，如例句2；where作地点状语，如例句3。语法知识精讲一、关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where、when、why等。1.关系副词where引导的定语从句where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place、room、house、spot等)，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。◆Theyareplayingintheparkwheretherearesomeflowers.他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。◆Theofficewherethegirlworksisnotfarfromhere.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。(1)有一些先行词，如point、stage、position、case、condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，当在从句中作状语时，需要接where引导的定语从句。◆Youreachapointinyourprojectwhereyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界：一心只想完成它。◆Wereachedastagewherewehadtoanswerviolencewithviolence.我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。(2)where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。◆He'sgotintoasituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(定语从句)他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机控制的境地。◆Whenyoureadthebook，you'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.(状语从句)读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。2．关系副词when引导的定语从句when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time、day、week、month、year等)，关系副词在从句中作时间状语。◆ThereusedtobeatimewhenIhatedgoingtoschool.我有一段时间讨厌去上学。◆I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIleftforcollegewithmyfather.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。3．关系副词why引导的定语从句why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语。why一般不引导非限制性定语从句。◆Doyouknowthereasonwhythewomanburstintotears?你知道这位女士突然大哭的原因吗？二、关系副词和关系代词的选择选择关系词可分为两步：第1步：分析定语从句，看从句中所缺成分确定用关系副词还是关系代词。如从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选择关系代词；若从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。第2步：看先行词。如果根据第1步确定用关系代词且先行词指物，则可用that、which、whose、as，若先行词指人可用that、who(m)、whose等；若根据第1步确定用关系副词，先行词指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。◆Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit后缺少宾语，填关系代词，先行词指物，用that或which，作宾语时可以省略)◆Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(从句中有主语，不需要宾语、表语、定语，故填关系副词，先行词factory指地点，用where)◆Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？(that/which作spent的宾语)语法知识及时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thereasonhegaveforhisabsenceisthathewasdrunk.2．Thatisthereasonmanypeopleoftenfeeluncomfortableinthebackwhensittingbeforecomputersforalongtime.3．ThereasonforhefailedtheEnglishexamwasthathedidn'tlearnitwell.4．Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.5．DoyoustillrememberthedaywejoinedtheParty?6．Thepicturecalledupthedayswestudiedtogether.7．Thisistheoldhousehisfatherwasbornfiftyyearsago.8．Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.9．DaShuhua(打树花)datesbackto300yearsago,localblacksmithscameupwithauniquealternativetofireworks.10．Ithink,micro­blogsarejustlikearealworld,everybodyshouldobeythelawsandmoralcodes,andnoabsolutefreedomshouldexistthere.Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)1．我永远也不会忘记我去上大学的那一天。I'llneverforgettheday．2．大家都想参观周总理工作过的那个地方。Everyonewantstovisittheplace．3．我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。Wedon'tknowthereason．4．你能设想出这个长单词被使用的场合吗？Canyouthinkofasituation?5．这位年轻的老板在努力营造一种员工喜欢工作的轻松氛围。Theyoungbossiscreatinganatmosphere．参考答案：Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thereasonthat/whichhegaveforhisabsenceisthathewasdrunk.2．Thatisthereasonwhymanypeopleoftenfeeluncomfortableinthebackwhensittingbeforecomputersforalongtime.3．ThereasonforwhichhefailedtheEnglishexamwasthathedidn'tlearnitwell.4．Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.5．DoyoustillrememberthedaywhenwejoinedtheParty?6．Thepicturecalledupthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.7．Thisistheoldhousewherehisfatherwasbornfiftyyearsago.8．Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.9．DaShuhua(打树花)datesbackto300yearsago,whenlocalblacksmithscameupwithauniquealternativetofireworks.10．Ithink,micro­blogsarejustlikearealworld,whereeverybodyshouldobeythelawsandmoralcodes,andnoabsolutefreedomshouldexistthere.Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)1．我永远也不会忘记我去上大学的那一天。I'llneverforgetthedaywhen__I__went__to__university．2．大家都想参观周总理工作过的那个地方。Everyonewantstovisittheplacewhere__Premier__Zhou__once__worked．3．我们不知道他们为什么没有遵守诺言。Wedon'tkno