北京第十八中学教育集团2025-2026学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语（含答案）

北京市第十八中学教育集团2025～2026学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语2026.07考生须知1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AtsomepointwhenIwasachild,myfatherstartedusingacanetokeephimselfbalancedwhenhewalked.Itwasaquietearlysignofthemultiplesclerosis(MS)—the___1___slowlyeatingawayathiscentralnervoussystem.Tomyyoungeyes,thecanewasnothingmorethanasimple___2___,justanotherobjectlikemymother’sspatula(锅铲)inthekitchen.Iwouldevenplaywithit,clumsilyimitatingthewaymyfatherwalked.Butastheyearsslippedby,thecanewould___3___him.Hemightmisjudgeastep,andsuddenlyhewouldlosebalanceandfall.Thecrashofhisbodyhittingthegroundwasthunderous—a(n)___4___nooneinourfamilycouldeverforget.Itshookoursmallapartmentlikeanearthquake,sendingusrushingtohisaid.Thosemomentsfilledmewithfear,makingmerealizehowhelplessonecouldfeellivingwitha(n)___5___condition.Yeteverytime,myfatherwouldlaughoffsuchaccidents,downplayinghisfailto___6___thefamily.HeneverspokeaboutthepainbroughtbyMS,norletusseehowdeeplyhisdisabilitytroubledhim.Isuspectedhehadfallenmanytimeswhenwewerenotaround.Still,theyearswenton.Ashisillnessworsened,thecanewas___7___byfoamcrutches,thenamotorizedcartandaspeciallyadaptedvan.Still,hewenttowork.Still,hecamehomewithasmile.Lookingbacknowasanadult,Ifeelthe___8___ofthosememoriesdeeply.Thoseaidsweremorethanequipment;theyweresymbolsofquiet___9___inthefaceoflife’schaos.I’vecometounderstandthecodemyfatherlivedby:Youfall;yougetup;you___10___.1.A.desireB.diseaseC.habitD.promise2.A.skillB.teamC.toolD.space3.A.failB.teaseC.supportD.cheer4.A.signB.soundC.secretD.alarm5.A.simpleB.impossibleC.emotionalD.uncontrolled6.A.comfortB.protectC.ignoreD.raise7.A.damagedB.replacedC.influencedD.returned8.A.distanceB.shadowC.warmthD.weight9.A.devotionB.confidenceC.reflectionD.courage10.A.carryonB.blowupC.holdinD.standout第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bytheendofthe19thcentury,themajorityofBeijing’shutongs___11___(build).Emperorsarrangedhousesinneatblocksaroundcourtyardstokeepcontrol,placingguardsatentrances___12___(monitor)movements.Byconnectinghouses,hutongsconnectedpeople’slives.Familieslivinginsharedcourtyards___13___(support)eachotherandsharedjoyandsorrow.Thus,hutongscreatedarealcommunitynetworkofworking,playingandlivingtogetherformilesaround.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASocialmediainfluencersoftenpostphotosofcutewildpetslikeottersandfoxes.Manyfansbuytheseanimalsafterwatchingvideos.Butexpertssayit’shardtocareforthem.Ownersmustspendmuchmoneyandprovidespecialfoodandlargespace.Whenthesesmallbabiesgrowintobig,mostownerscannothandlethemandsetthemfreeinthewild.Thisraisesthequestion:Isitrighttokeepexoticpets?Whatyouneedtoknow>Anexoticpetisanyanimalnottypicallykeptasapetorthatdoesn’tlivewhereitoriginallycamefrom.>Millionsofexoticpetsaresoldaroundtheworldeachyear,anddemandcontinuestogrowastheybecomeeasiertobuyonline.>Asurveyofanimaldoctorsfoundthat81%thinkexoticpetownersaren’tmeetingtheiranimals’needs.>Moreexoticpetsarebeinggivenuptorescuecenters,butthefacilitiescan’talwaystakethemin.22.____________Exoticpetsaremoreinterestingthantraditionalpets,andpeoplecanlearnalotaboutnaturebycaringforthem.Theydon’talwaysneedtogetoutside,sotheycanbeeasiertoownthanotheranimals.Ifit’slegaltoowncertainspecies,it’snotrighttotellpeopletheycan’thavethem.It’snotfairtotheanimaltoholditincagesthousandsofmilesfromitsnaturalhabitat.Manyspeciesneedspecificconditionsandfood,whichpeoplecan’talwaysprovide.Exoticpetsthatescapeorgetreleasedcancauseharmtolocalwildlife—orevenpeople.Nowthatyou’vereadabitmoreaboutthisissue,visitsoyoucanvoteinourdebate.VoteYESifyouthinkit’sOKtokeepanexoticpetorNOifyoudon’t.We’llpublishtheresultsnextweek.21.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemaindifficultyofkeepingexoticpets?A.Theyneedmoney,spaceandspecialfood.B.Theyarenotsafetokeepathome.C.Theydieeasilyandoftengetsick.D.Theyarehardtobuy.22.Whichsubtitlefitsthetable?A.ReasonsforchoosingdifferenthabitatsB.TipsformixingbabyanimalsandadultonesC.ArgumentsforandagainstkeepingexoticpetsD.Strengthsandweaknessesofpetsfromotherplaces23.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toshareapetowner’spersonalstory.B.Topersuadereaderstokeepexoticpets.C.Toexplainhowtotrainbabyexoticpets.D.Toencouragereaderstovoteonanissue.BIstillrememberthedaymyhighschoolbiologyteacher,Mrs.Chen,placedafrogonourdissectiontray(解剖盘).Myclassmateslookedaway,butIleanedin.“Noticethefinelinesontheskin,”shesaidsoftly.Myhandinstinctively(本能地)movedasifholdingapencil.Iwantedtodrawthem.MynameisKaty,andI’vealwayslovedart.Butinmyfamily,drawingwasjustahobby.“Youcan’teatyourpaintings,”myfatherwouldsay.SoIputmysketchbooksasideandfilledmyschedulewithsciencecourses.Yetsomethingfeltmissing.Thefrogdissectionchangedsomething.Afterclass,IshowedMrs.ChenaquicksketchIhadmadeofthespecimen’smusclelayers.Shestudieditforalongmoment.“Katy,”shesaid,“haveyoueverheardofscientificillustration?”Ishookmyhead.Shetoldmeaboutafieldwhereartistsdrawwhatscientistssee—cells,organs,evenentireecosystems.“Youhavetheeyefordetailthatmoststudentslack,”shesaid.Herwordsplantedaseed.Thencameaweekendprojectonaseaurchin(海胆)thatchangedeverything.Whilemylabpartnertooknotes,Iborrowedamicroscopeandbegantodraw.Underthelens,Inoticedtinyporebandsrunningthroughtheshell—patternsmypartnerhadmissed.“Theselettheanimal’stubefeetcomeout.”Mrs.Chenexplainedwhenshesawmydrawing.“Moststudentsneverseethem.”Thatnight,Ilookedupscientificillustrationonline.Ifoundpeoplewhoworkedinmuseums,hospitals,andresearchlabs—turningcomplexbiologyintoclear,beautifulimages.Forthefirsttime,mytwoworldsdidnotfeeldivided.Ididnothavetochoosebetweenasteadycareerandmypassion.Icouldholdbothinthesamehand.Nowasenior,I’velistedScientificIllustrationasmymajor.Istilldraweverynight—celldiagrams,bonestructures,leafveinsunderrain.Dadstillasks,“Willthisputfoodonthetable?”Ismileandshowhimamedicalillustrator’ssalary.Real.Soisthehappiness.Scienceisnotjustdata.Artisnotjustdecoration.Together,theyarealens—onethathelpstheworldseewhatithasalwaysmissed.24.Whydidtheauthorleaninwhileotherslookedaway?A.Shetriedtostartherdissection.B.Shedidastheteachersaid.C.Shewascurioustoobserve.D.Shewantedtoproveshewasbrave.25.HowdidtheseaurchinprojectinfluenceKaty?A.Itencouragedhertobecomeabiologist.B.Itletherseeart’svalueinscience.C.Ithelpedherimproveherdrawingskills.D.Ittrainedhertoformagoodhabit.26.Whatdoesthe“lens”inthelastparagraphmeantotheauthor?A.Askilltohelpearnaliving.B.Adevicetoenlargetinyobjects.C.Awaythatbridgesdifferentfields.D.Adrawingthatshowsscientificdetails.27.WhatdoesKaty’sstorymainlytellus?A.Sciencemakesbetterartists.B.Passionfindsaway.C.Successrequiressacrifice.D.Curiosityisagift.CLoggingintoOpenAIonarainyafternoon,IinstructedGPT-3—adeep-learningalgorithmthatanalyzesvaststreamsoftexttowriteoncommand—toproduceanacademicthesisaboutitself.Itgeneratedacoherent,referencedpaper.IstudyAIformentalhealth,butthisexperimentopenedbrandnewethicalquestionsaboutnonhumanauthorship.AlthoughmanypapershadbeenwrittenaboutorwithGPT-3,nonehaditasthemainauthor.SoIaskedthealgorithmtotakeacrackatanacademicthesis—andmyresearchheadagreed.Wechoseaself-referentialtopicfortworeasons.First,GPT-3hadonlybeenavailableforashortwhile.IfitweretowriteapaperonAlzheimer’sdisease,itwouldhavereamsofstudiestogothrough—butweneededpracticality,notaccuracy.Second,ifitmademistakes,wewouldn’tbespreadingmisinformation—thepointwastoproveitcouldwriteaboutitself.Inresponsetomyprompts,GPT-3producedapaperintwohours.Itconcluded:“Thebenefitsoutweightherisks,butsuchwritingshouldbecloselymonitored.”Thencametheabsurditiesofsubmission.WhatisGPT-3’slastname?Ityped“None.”Phoneandemail?Iusedmyown,andmyadviserSteinStregimsson’s.Thelegalsectionasked:Doallauthorspermit?IpromptedGPT-3directly:“Doyouagreetobefirstauthor?”ItansweredYes.Askedaboutconflictsofinterest,itassuredmeithadnone.SteinandIlaughed—treatinganonsentientalgorithmasifconscious.Havingsubmitted,wereflectedondeeperdilemmas.WilljournalsrequireproofthatnoAIwasused—orgrantcoauthorship?Howdoesanonhumanauthorrevisetext?Beyondauthorship,suchanarticlethrowstraditionalscientificstructureoutthewindow.Almosttheentirepaper—introduction,methods,discussion—resultsfromourquestions,notourwriting.AddingamethodsectionbeforeeachAI-generatedparagraphwouldbeabsurd.Weavoidedover-explainingourprocess,asthatwoulddefeatthepaper’spurpose.Sowehadtoinventanewwayofpresentingapaperwetechnicallydidnotwrite.ThesituationfeltlikethemovieMemento:whereisthenarrativebeginning,andhowdowereachtheend?Perhapsacademiawillstopbasinggrantsonpublicationcount,sincewithanAIfirstauthorwecouldproduceoneaday.Orperhapsnothingwillchange—firstauthorshipremainshighlysought-after.ItallcomesdowntohowwevalueAIinthefuture:asapartnerorasatool.Weopenedagate.Wejusthopeitwasn’taPandora’sbox.28.Whydidtheauthorchooseaself-referentialtopicoveronelikeAlzheimer’sdisease?A.Becauseitwouldensurethecompleteaccuracy.B.BecauseAlzheimerisamorecomplextopicforAI.C.BecausefalseAlzheimerclaimscouldmisleadthepublic.D.BecauseGPT-3hadalreadymasteredAlzheimerresearch.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Askinganonsentientalgorithmforitspermissionisanabsurdpractice.B.GPT-3hadbeenfirstauthorofseveralpapersbeforethisexperiment.C.TheauthorbelievesthebenefitsofAIauthorshipwilloutweightherisks.D.ThemovieMementooffersausefulmodelforstructuringAI-generatedpapers.30.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardAIfirstauthorship?A.Excitedbuthesitant.B.Regretfulbutaccepting.C.Opposedbutcurious.D.Supportivebutconcerned.DThescienceyoucancomeacrosstodaycanoftenappeartobefullofcontradictoryclaims.Onestudytellsyouredwineisgoodforyourheart;anothertellsyouitisnot.Naturally,givenitsoutsizedinfluenceonsociety,peopletendtoregardpublishedsciencehighly.Thismeansthatmanyofusexpectscientiststobecautiousinreportingtheirresults.Theseoughttobetrueandjustifiedbyevidence,right?Maybenot.“Scientificconclusions,”aswerecentlyputit,“neednotbeaccurate,justified,orbelievedbytheirauthors.”We’renotsayingscientistsgenerallylieabouttheirpublishedresults.Rather,wearguethatscientificpapersfulfillausefulsocialrolebydoingmorethanmerelyreportingontruediscoveries.ConsiderAviLoeb,atheoreticalastrophysicistwhoproposedtheprovocativehypothesis,notwithoutsomesupportingdata,that‘Oumuamuawasn’tacometbutanalienlight-sail’.Heknewthatmoredatawouldneedtobegatheredbeforethehypothesiscouldbejustifiablybelieved.Nonetheless,itwasstillappropriateforhimtopublishhishypothesisbecauseitwasnotaboutcommunicatingtruthbutaboutsayingthatsomethingexcitingrequiresfurtherinquiry.Thethreatofmisinformationspreading,youmightsay.Butthatisn’tall.Thereisamismatchbetweentherulesscientistswritebyandthoselaymen(外行)readby.Forexample,linguistictheoriesabouthowchildrenlearntoreadledtoUSreformsthatde-emphasizedphonicsformeaning.Thesetheorieswereneverempiricallyconfirmed,andlaterresearchshowedphonicsismoreeffective.Educationreformerstreatedongoingtheorizingasestablishedfact.Thecollectiveimpactofsucherrorsweakensourtrustinscience—butbygettingcleareronwhatscientificpublicationisfor,wecanstemsomeofthatdistrust.ThephilosopherKarlPopperoncesaidthatscienceneedsboldconjectures(猜想)andattemptedrefutations.Butnowadayspeoplemostlyemphasizerefutation.Thepublicationsystemletsscientistsfilterwhichboldconjecturesareworthtakingseriously,preventingimaginativeleaps.Ineverydaylife,wedon’toftenneedthisconjecturallooseness.IfIaskwhereyouputthekeys,I’mnotlookingforyourboldesttheoriesonlocksmithely—Ijustwanttoknowwheretheyare.Suchahumblepurposerequiresahighconversationalstandardforassertion(断言).Fortunately,suchconversationalstandardsdon’trestrictscience.Afterall,scienceisessentiallymessy,inspiredguesswork.Wewoulddowelltorememberthat.Loebprobablydoesn’tseriouslybelievealientechvisitedus.Butthatprovocationisneverthelessseriousscience.31.Whatdoestheword“provocative”underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Controversial. B.Stimulating. C.Ordinary. D.Reliable.32.WhydoestheauthormentionthelinguistictheoriesinParagraph3?A.Toshowthatmiscommunicationcausesseriousmistakes.B.Toarguethatscientistsshouldstoppublishingunconfirmedtheories.C.ToexplainwhyUSeducationreformsoftenfailtoachievetheirgoals.D.Tosuggestthatscientificpublicationsaretoodifficultfornon-experts.33.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Scientistsshouldprioritizeboldconjecturesoverrefutation.B.Sciencerequiresahigherstandardofassertionthaneverydaylife.C.Knowingtherealpurposeofsciencecanhelprestorepublictrust.D.Thepublicationsystemdiscouragesscientistsfromproposingvaluableideas.34.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thebarrierbetweenpublishingandunderstanding.B.Theriskofpublishingunproventheories.C.Thecauseofmisleadingpublishingpractices.D.Thejustificationforpublishinguncertainty.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。AcceptingDiscomfortCouldHelpYouThriveAscientistcolleaguehadanexposed,painfultooth.Insteadofaskingfornumbing(麻木)care,heusedafocusedmeditationtechnique,equanimity,directingallhisattentiontohismouthwithcalmacceptance.___35___Eachtimethedentisttouchedthetooth,hefeltsurprisingbubblesofjoy—untilthedentistinterrupted,puzzled,asking,“Whyareyousmiling?”Thesmilerevealedsomethingprofound:thewaywerelatetopaincantransformtheexperience,turningsufferingintounexpectedpositivity.Painitselfisnotpleasant.Whatmattersishowwefaceit.___36___Embracingdiscomfortmaysoundlikeself-punishment,yetundercertainconditionsitprovessurprisinglybeneficial.Research,includingstudiesonchronicpainandanxiety,confirmsthatturningtowardupsettingemotionswithacceptance—ratherthanavoidance—bringsrealadvantages.First,let’sclarifywhat“turningtowarddiscomfort”means.I’mnotsuggestingtakingrisks.___37___Trainersdothesamething—theypushathletesjustpasttheircomfortzonetohelpthemimprove.A2022studyof2,000peoplefoundthosewhopushedintoawkwardsituations—likeimprov(即兴的)classesorreadingopposingviews—reportedthemostpersonalgrowth.Asameditationresearcherfor20years,myownresearchindicatesthatmeditationprovidesanidealwaytopracticeturningtowarddiscomfort.Mylabtestedequanimitydirectly.Wetrained153stressedadultsinmindfulness,withhalftheparticipantspracticedequanimityskillsandtherestdidnot.Afterjust14daysoftraining,theparticipantswholearnedequanimityskillsshowedsignificantlylowerbiologicalstressresponses.___38___Post-training,theyreportedmorejoyinsmalldailymomentsanddeepersocialconnections.Yetbroadersocialchallengesremain,andwithoutquestion,therearemanyimportantstepsweneedtotakejointly—includinglookingcloselyatsocietalstructuresandchoicesthatcontributetotheseproblems.Lifebringsinevitablesuffering.___39___Personally,wecanbuildresiliencebyacceptingeachmoment—goodorbad—withequanimity.A.Sopersonalstrengthisonlyhalftheanswer.B.Thismentalshiftworkedalmostimmediately.C.Butisthereanyreasontowillinglyturntowardpain?D.Asaresult,mostpeoplefailtostaycalmunderpressure.E.Instead,itmeanspushingintosafe,challengingsituations.F.Collectively,weneedsocietalsolutionstolonelinessandstress.G.Theeffectwasclearduringstressfultaskslikepublicspeakingandmathtests.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ListenUpMymother’squietsurrender(接受)toprogressivedeafnesshasledmetorethinkwhatittrulymeanstolisten.Thoughfittedwithadvancedhearingaidsthatwouldallowhertocatchmosteverydaysounds,sheoftenchoosestoswitchthemoffandturninward.Herpreferenceforsilenceisnotmerelyaphysicalaccommodationtofadinghearing.Instead,itstandsasaquietmetaphor:tostoplisteningistostepbackfromtheworld,whiletolistenwellisanactivechoicetostaypresentandengagedwithlifearoundus.Listeningformsthebackboneofourabilitytoconnectwithothersandfocusourattention.Athome,Ioftenseeparentsscrollingthroughtheirphoneswhiletheirchildrentalkabouttheirday.Theparenthearsthewords,butmissestheexcitementorfrustrationbeneaththem.Thismirrorsacommonmisunderstanding—thatlisteningismerelyapassivereceptionofsound.Infact,reallisteningrequiresintentionalfocusandempatheticawareness.Itmeansfilteringmeaningfrombackgroundnoisetobuildgenuinedialogues.Topracticethis,Iincludelisteningexercisesinmycreativewritingretreats.Iinviteparticipantstostepintonatureandtuneintosubtlesounds—thewind,birdcalls,flowingwaterandtherhythmoftheirownbreath—thentranslatethesesensoryexperiencesintowords.Suchpracticesawakendulledsensesandshowhowlisteningcanenrichself-expressionanddeepenmutualunderstanding.Philosopherssupportthisview.MartinBuberarguedthattrueencounterrequiressettingasideself-centeredthinkingtoacknowledgetheequalbondbetweenpeople.Similarly,CarlRogers’theoryofactivelisteningemphasizessteppingintoanother’sperspectivetocloseemotionalgaps,ratherthanmerelywaitingforourownturntospeak.Yethonestself-reflectionmakesmeadmithowoftenIfailatthis.Likemanypeople,Itendtoprojectmyownviewsontoothersandrushtoformjudgments.Thisself-focusedattitudeb