2025年下半年广东汕头全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级复习试题库

2025年下半年广东汕头全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级复习试题库第一部分英语知识运用（完形填空）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]）中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。Therapidproliferationofartificialintelligencehasfundamentallyalteredtheparadigmofmodernscientificresearch.Historically,scientificbreakthroughswerepredominantlyachievedthroughhuman1______andpainstakingtrialanderror.However,contemporaryresearchincreasingly2______onmachinelearningalgorithmstoprocesscolossaldatasets,identifyhidden3______,andevenformulatenovelhypotheses.This4______doesnotmerelysignifyaquantitativeaccelerationindataprocessing;itrepresentsaprofound5______shiftinhowscientificinquiryisconducted.Forinstance,inthefieldofdrugdiscovery,traditionalmethodsrequireresearchersto6______synthesizeandtestthousandsofchemicalcompounds,aprocessthatisbothprohibitively7______andtime-consuming.AI-drivenmodels,conversely,canvirtually8______millionsofmolecularinteractionswithinhours,drastically9______thetimelinefrominitialresearchtoclinicaltrials.10______,thistechnologicaldependencyraisescriticalepistemologicalquestions.WhenanAIsystemgeneratesahighlycomplexmodelthataccuratelypredictsabiological11______,scientistsarefrequentlyconfrontedwithanexplainability12______.Thealgorithmmayyieldcorrectoutcomes,buttheintricatewebof13______operationsremainsa"blackbox,"impenetrableeventoitscreators.Thisopacitychallengesthefoundationalscientificprincipleof14______,whichdictatesthatresultsmustbeindependentlyverifiableandtheirunderlyingmechanismscomprehensible.Ifresearcherscannot15______howanAIarrivedataspecificconclusion,theresult16______ahypothesisratherthananestablishedscientificlaw.17______,thescientificcommunitymustdevelopnewmethodologiestopeerintothesealgorithmicblackboxes.Thefutureofscienceliesnotin18______humancognitionwithartificialcomputation,butin19______themsynergistically.Ahumanexpert'sintuitivegraspofphysicallawsandanAI'sbrute-forcecomputationalpowermustbe20______toensurethatscientificprogressremainsbothrapidandrigorouslygroundedinhumanunderstanding.1.[A]intuition[B]hesitation[C]obligation[D]simulation2.[A]insist[B]relies[C]acts[D]calls3.[A]flaws[B]patterns[C]obstacles[D]biases4.[A]transition[B]reduction[C]distraction[D]isolation5.[A]qualitative[B]marginal[C]structural[D]superficial6.[A]abruptly[B]spontaneously[C]manually[D]hypothetically7.[A]efficient[B]expensive[C]comprehensive[D]predictable8.[A]simulate[B]isolate[C]eliminate[D]complicate9.[A]expanding[B]extending[C]shortening[D]delaying10.[A]Therefore[B]Nevertheless[C]Moreover[D]Meanwhile11.[A]outcome[B]symptom[C]mutation[D]illusion12.[A]gap[B]dilemma[C]paradox[D]option13.[A]external[B]internal[C]manual[D]observable14.[A]authority[B]transparency[C]confidentiality[D]flexibility15.[A]decipher[B]deny[C]predict[D]ignore16.[A]constitutes[B]replaces[C]violates[D]questions17.[A]Consequently[B]Alternatively[C]Otherwise[D]Furthermore18.[A]substituting[B]conflicting[C]integrating[D]comparing19.[A]separating[B]aligning[C]prioritizing[D]abandoning20.[A]diverged[B]merged[C]evaluated[D]standardized第二部分阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]）中选出最佳选项。Text1Theadventofthe"circulareconomy"hasgainedsignificanttractionasaviablealternativetothetraditionallineareconomicmodelof"take,make,anddispose."Inacirculareconomy,thelifecycleofproductsisextendedthroughmechanismsofrecycling,reusing,andrepairing.Theobjectiveistominimizewasteandresourceleakage,therebydecouplingeconomicgrowthfromtheconsumptionoffinitenaturalresources.Whilethetheoreticalframeworkisundeniablycompelling,itspracticalimplementationencounterssubstantialroadblocks,particularlyintherealmofconsumerelectronics.Modernelectronicdevices,suchassmartphonesandlaptops,areoftendeliberatelyengineeredwith"plannedobsolescence."Softwareupdatesarefrequentlydesignedtoslowdownolderhardware,andhardwarecomponentsareincreasinglysolderedorgluedtogethertopreventuserrepairs.Thisarchitecturalparadigmforcesconsumersintoaperpetualupgradecycle,whichishighlyprofitableformanufacturersbutdetrimentaltoenvironmentalsustainability.Recognizingthis,severaljurisdictionshavebeguntomandate"righttorepair"legislation,compellingtechconglomeratestoprovideconsumersandthird-partyrepairshopswithaccesstogenuinepartsanddiagnostictools.However,thetransitionisfraughtwithcorporateresistance.Techgiantsarguethatopeninguptheirhardwareecosystemsposesseveresecurityrisksandcompromisesintellectualproperty.Theycontendthattightlyintegrated,sealeddevicesarenecessaryforwaterresistance,miniaturization,andoveralldeviceintegrity.Whilethesetechnicalargumentsholdsomevalidity,criticsarguethattheunderlyingmotiveremainspredominantlyfinancial.Totrulyrealizeacirculareconomyinelectronics,theremustbeaparadigmshiftnotonlyinregulatoryframeworksbutalsoinengineeringphilosophies.Devicesmustbedesignedfordisassembly,utilizingmodularcomponentsthatcanbeseamlesslyswappedorupgradedwithoutdiscardingtheentireunit.Furthermore,economicincentivesmustbealignedwithsustainability;currently,thecostofrepairingacrackedsmartphonescreenoftenexceedsthesubsidizedcostofanewdeviceboundtoamulti-yearcarriercontract,creatingaperverseeconomicdisincentiveforrepair.21.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarygoalofacirculareconomy?[A]Tomaximizetheprofitabilityofelectronicdevices.[B]Todecoupleeconomicgrowthfromfiniteresourceconsumption.[C]Toencouragetherapidupgradecycleofconsumerelectronics.[D]Tomandaterighttorepairlegislationglobally.22.Whatdoestheterm"plannedobsolescence"(Para.2)mostlikelyrefertointhecontextofelectronics?[A]Theunintentionaldegradationofsoftwareovertime.[B]Thepracticeofdeliberatelydesigningproductswithalimitedusefullife.[C]Thephysicalwearandtearcausedbyconsumernegligence.[D]Thenaturalprogressionoftechnologicaladvancement.23.Whydotechgiantsresistthe"righttorepair"legislation?[A]Becausetheylackthetechnicalexpertisetocreatemodulardevices.[B]Becausetheybelieveitthreatenssecurityandintellectualproperty.[C]Becausetheywanttosupportthird-partyrepairshopsfinancially.[D]Becausetheyarerequiredtoprovidedevicesforfree.24.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecurrenteconomicstructureofsmartphonerepairs?[A]Itischeapertorepairadevicethantobuyanewone.[B]Carriercontractsartificiallyinflatethecostofrepairs.[C]Theeconomicincentivescurrentlydiscourageconsumersfromrepairingdevices.[D]Subsidizeddevicesmakerepairshopshighlyprofitable.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sattitudetowardtherealizationofacirculareconomyinelectronics?[A]Cautiouslyoptimisticbutrealisticabouttherequiredsystemicchanges.[B]Highlypessimisticduetoinsurmountabletechnicallimitations.[C]Indifferenttotheargumentspresentedbytechconglomerates.[D]Firmlysupportiveofthecurrentlineareconomicmodel.Text2Theconceptof"deepwork,"coinedbycomputerscienceprofessorCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneradominatedbyinstantmessaging,socialmedia,andtheomnipresentpingofemailnotifications,deepworkhasbecomeanincreasinglyrarecommodity.Newportarguesthatthecapacitytoperformdeepworkisnotananachronisticrelicofthepast,butratherasuperpowerinthetwenty-first-centuryeconomy.Yet,moderncorporatecultureoftenactivelyworksagainstthissuperpower,prioritizingtheillusionofbusynessoveractualproductivity.Thearchitectureofthemodernworkplaceislargelyopen-plan,ostensiblydesignedtofostercollaborationandspontaneousideageneration.However,empiricalstudiessuggestthatsuchenvironmentsfrequentlyleadtohigherlevelsofstress,reducedconcentration,andloweroveralljobsatisfaction.Theconstantvisualandauditoryinterruptionsfragmentanemployee'sattention,makingitnearlyimpossibletoenterastateofflow—thepsychologicalstateofdeepabsorptioninanactivity.Tocompensateforthisfragmentedattention,workersfrequentlyresortto"shallowwork"—logistical,non-cognitivelydemandingtasksthatareeasytoperformbutofferlittlelong-termvalue.Respondingtoemails,attendingstatusmeetings,andupdatingspreadsheetsbecometheprimarymetricsofdailyachievement.Theeconomicimplicationsofthisshiftareprofound.Asartificialintelligenceincreasinglyautomatesshallowwork,theeconomicpremiumondeepworkwillinevitablyrise.Professionalswhocanengageincomplexproblemsolving,strategicthinking,andhigh-levelcreativeoutputwillthrive,whilethosewhoseskillsarelimitedtoshallowadministrativetaskswillfaceobsolescence.Therefore,cultivatingtheabilitytododeepworkisnotmerelyamatterofpersonalefficiency;itisastrategicimperativeforcareersurvival.Achievingthisrequiresadeliberaterestructuringofone'shabits:settingstrictboundariesfortechnologyuse,schedulinguninterruptedblocksoftimeforcomplextasks,andactivelytrainingthebraintoresistthedopamine-drivenfeedbackloopsofsocialmedia.26.AccordingtoCalNewport,whyis"deepwork"considereda"superpower"today?[A]Becauseitisacommonskillthateveryonepossesses.[B]Becauseitisincreasinglyrareandhighlyvaluableinthemoderneconomy.[C]Becauseitallowsemployeestomultitaskmoreefficiently.[D]Becauseitisrequiredbymoderncorporateculture.27.Whatistheauthor'sviewonopen-planoffices?[A]Theysuccessfullyfostercollaborationandspontaneousideageneration.[B]Theyareperfectlysuitedforcognitivelydemandingtasks.[C]Theyoftencauseinterruptionsthathinderdeepconcentration.[D]Theyincreaseoveralljobsatisfactionbypromotingsocialinteraction.28.Whyisdeepworkbecomingastrategicimperativeforcareersurvival?[A]Becauseshallowworkisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttoperform.[B]Becauseartificialintelligenceisautomatingshallowwork,makingdeepworkmorevaluable.[C]Becauseemployersarerewardingemployeeswhocheckemailsfrequently.[D]Becauseopen-planofficesarebeingphasedout.29.Thephrase"dopamine-drivenfeedbackloops"(Para.3)isusedtodescribe:[A]Thepsychologicalsatisfactionderivedfromcompletingcomplextasks.[B]Theaddictivenatureofsocialmediaandconstantnotifications.[C]Thephysiologicaleffectsofworkplacestress.[D]Thestrategicplanningprocessincorporateenvironments.30.Whichofthefollowingactionswouldtheauthormostlikelyrecommendtoimproveworkplaceproductivity?[A]Implementingmoreopen-planofficespaces.[B]Increasingthefrequencyofstatusupdatemeetings.[C]Encouragingemployeestocheckemailsconstantly.[D]Schedulinguninterruptedblocksoftimeforcomplextasks.Text3Urbanheatislands(UHIs)aremetropolitanareasthatexperiencesignificantlyhighertemperaturesthantheirruralsurroundings.Thisphenomenonisprimarilydrivenbytheextensivereplacementofnaturallandcoverwithdenseconcentrationsofpavement,buildings,andasphalt.Theseartificialsurfacesabsorbandretainsolarradiationmoreefficientlythanvegetation,leadingtoatemperaturedifferentialthatcanbeashighasCduringthedayandremainnoticeableatnight.TheimplicationsofUHIsextendbeyondmerethermaldiscomfort;theydirectlycontributetoelevatedenergyconsumptionforcooling,exacerbatedairpollution,andincreasedheat-relatedmortalityamongvulnerablepopulations.TomitigatetheadverseeffectsofUHIs,urbanplannersareincreasinglyturningto"greeninfrastructure."Aprominentstrategyistheimplementationofgreenroofs—rooftopspartiallyorcompletelycoveredwithvegetation.Greenroofsprovidenaturalinsulation,reducingtheamountofheattransferredintothebuildingandsubsequentlyloweringthedemandforairconditioning.Ifweconsiderabuilding'senergyequation,theheatflux(Q)transferredthroughastandardroofcanbesignificantlyreducedbythepresenceofagreenlayer.Thecoolingeffectisachievedthroughacombinationofshading,increasedthermalmass,andevapotranspiration—theprocessbywhichplantsreleasewatervapor,coolingthesurroundingair.Beyondgreenroofs,thestrategicplantingofurbanforestsplaysacriticalrole.Treesnotonlyprovideshadebutalsoactivelysequestercarbondioxideandfilterairborneparticulatematter.However,theimplementationofthesesolutionsisnotwithoutchallenges.IndenselypopulatedcitieslikeHongKongorNewYork,spaceisapremiumcommodity.Retrofittingexistingbuildingswithgreenroofscanbestructurallycomplexandprohibitivelyexpensive,asmanyolderstructurescannotsupporttheadditionalweightofsoilandwater.Furthermore,themaintenanceofurbanvegetationrequiresaconsistentcommitmentofmunicipalresources.Despitethesehurdles,thelong-termenvironmentalandpublichealthbenefitsofgreeninfrastructurefaroutweightheinitialinvestments,makingitanessentialcomponentofsustainableurbandevelopment.31.WhatistheprimarycauseoftheUrbanHeatIslandeffect?[A]Theemissionofgreenhousegasesfromvehicles.[B]Theextensivereplacementofnaturallandcoverwithartificialsurfaces.[C]Thelackofvegetationinruralareas.[D]Theincreasedenergyconsumptionforcooling.32.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesevapotranspirationcontributetocooling?[A]Byprovidinginsulationforbuildings.[B]Byabsorbingsolarradiation.[C]Byplantsreleasingwatervaporintotheair.[D]Byincreasingthethermalmassofthepavement.33.Whatisamajorstructuralchallengeinimplementinggreenroofsonolderbuildings?[A]Thelackofsunlightonrooftops.[B]Theinabilityofbuildingstosupporttheweightofsoilandwater.[C]Thehighcostofairconditioning.[D]Thedifficultyinfindingsuitableplantspecies.34.Basedonthetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?[A]UHIsonlyaffecttemperaturesduringthedaytime.[B]Greenroofsincreasethedemandforairconditioning.[C]Theimplementationofgreeninfrastructureiscost-prohibitiveinallcases.[D]Urbanforestshelpfilterairborneparticulatematter.35.Whatistheauthor'soveralltoneregardinggreeninfrastructure?[A]Skepticalofitsfeasibility.[B]Supportiveduetoitslong-termbenefitsdespitechallenges.[C]Criticalofthemaintenancecosts.[D]Indifferenttotheenvironmentalimpact.Text4Thephilosophyofstoicism,foundedinancientAthens,hasexperiencedaremarkableresurgenceinmodernpopularculture.Stoicismteachesthatthepathtotruehappinessliesnotinseekingexternalpleasuresorwealth,butinmasteringone'sownmindandacceptingthethingsonecannotcontrol.Centraltothisphilosophyisthe"DichotomyofControl,"whichpositsthatweshouldstrictlyseparateourinternalresponses,beliefs,andvirtues—whichareentirelywithinourcontrol—fromexternalevents,reputations,andoutcomes,whicharenot.Byfocusingexclusivelyonourinternalreactionsandacceptingexternaleventswithequanimity,stoicsarguethatwecanachieveastateofpsychologicaltranquility,regardlessofchaoticexternalcircumstances.ModernpsychologistshavenotedastrikingparallelbetweenancientstoicpracticesandcontemporaryCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT).CBT,awidelyusedpsychologicaltreatment,operatesonthepremisethatpsychologicaldistressisprimarilycausedbyirrationalormaladaptivethoughtpatterns.Therapistsworkwithpatientstoidentify,challenge,andrestructurethesenegativecognitivepatterns.Similarly,stoicismadvocatesforarigorousexaminationofone'sownjudgments.AsthestoicphilosopherEpictetusfamouslystated,"Peoplearedisturbednotbythings,butbytheviewswhichtheytakeofthem."BothstoicismandCBTfundamentallyrejecttheideathatexternaleventsdirectlycauseemotionaldistress;instead,theyemphasizethemediatingroleofindividualperceptionandinterpretation.Despiteitscurrentpopularity,modernstoicismisfrequentlycriticizedasa"flawedrenaissance."Detractorsarguethatpop-culturestoicismoftendistortstheoriginalphilosophyintoajustificationfortoxicworkplaceculture,whereemployeesareexpectedtoendureabusiveconditionsandoverworkwithoutcomplaint.Bytellingworkersto"onlyfocusonwhattheycancontrol,"corporationscandeflectresponsibilityforsystemicissuesontotheindividual'smindset.Thisinstrumentalizationstripsstoicismofitsethicalcore.Theancientstoicswerenotmerelyadvocatingforpassiveenduranceofsuffering;theybelievedinactivelyparticipatinginpubliclife,fightingforjustice,andimprovingsociety,whilemaintainingemotionalresilience.Truestoicismisnotatoolfortoleratingexploitation,butaframeworkforenduringhardshipwhilestrivingforavirtuousandjustsociety.36.Accordingtothe"DichotomyofControl,"whatshouldindividualsfocuson?[A]Gainingexternalwealthandreputation.[B]Changingchaoticexternalcircumstances.[C]Theirinternalresponses,beliefs,andvirtues.[D]Seekingcontinuouspleasuretoachievehappiness.37.HowisstoicismsimilartomodernCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)?[A]Bothrequirepatientstotakemedicationtocontroltheiremotions.[B]Bothbelieveexternaleventsdirectlycauseemotionaldistress.[C]Bothemphasizetheroleofindividualperceptioninemotionalwell-being.[D]Bothadvocateforthepassiveenduranceofsuffering.38.WhatisEpictetus'smainpointinthequotedstatement?[A]Peoplearedisturbedbytheobjectiverealityofthings.[B]People'semotionaldistressiscausedbytheirowninterpretationsofevents.[C]Externalcircumstancesareimpossibletochange.[D]Psychologicaltherapyshouldfocusonchangingexternalreality.39.Accordingtothecritics,howhasmodernpop-culturestoicismbeenmisused?[A]Ithasbeenusedtoencourageemployeestofightforjustice.[B]Ithasbeendistortedtojustifyabusiveworkplaceconditionsandoverwork.[C]Ithasbeenusedtotreatmentalhealthdisorderseffectively.[D]Ithasbeenstrippedofitsfocusonemotionalresilience.40.Whatdoestheauthorconcludeabouttruestoicism?[A]Itisaframeworkfortoleratingexploitation.[B]Itadvocatesforpassiveenduranceofsuffering.[C]Itisatoolforenduringhardshipwhilestrivingforavirtuousandjustsociety.[D]Itrejectstheideaofactivelyparticipatinginpubliclife.第三部分阅读理解补全文章阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Theoceanisavast,interconnectedsystemthatcoversoverseventypercentoftheEarth'ssurface.Withinthisimmensebodyofwaterliesaphenomenonthathaspuzzledscientistsandmarinersforcenturies:the"biologicalpump."Thisprocessiscrucialforregulatingtheglobalclimate,yetitsintricatemechanismsareonlynowbeingfullyunderstood.41______.Thebiologicalpumpdescribestheprocessbywhichcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereisabsorbedbytheocean'ssurfaceandsubsequentlytransportedtothedeepseabymarineorganisms.42______.Thisorganicmatterthensinks,carryingthecarbonwithittotheoceandepths,whereitcanremaintrappedforhundredsoreventhousandsofyears.However,thisnaturalcarbonsequestrationmechanismisunderthreat.43______.Astheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphererises,moreofitdissolvesintotheocean,alteringthewater'spHlevelsinaprocessknownasoceanacidification.ThisdecreaseinpHhasadirectanddetrimentalimpactontheorganisms,particularlyphytoplanktonandzooplankton,thatformthefoundationofthebiologicalpump.44______.Iftheseorganismsareunabletobuildtheirprotectiveshells,theefficiencyofthebiologicalpumpdiminishes,reducingtheocean'scapacitytoabsorbfuturecarbonemissionsandexacerbatingthecycleofglobalwarming.Recognizingtheseverityofthisissue,researchersaredeployingadvancedroboticsensorstomonitorthesedeep-seabiologicalprocesses.45______.Theultimategoalistocreatepredictivemodelsthatcaninforminternationalclimatepolicies,ensuringthattheocean'snaturaldefensemechanismsarenotfatallydisruptedbyhumanactivity.[A]Asglobaltemperaturescontinuetorise,thestratificationofoceanwatersincreases,preventingnutrient-richdeepwaterfrommixingwiththesurface.[B]Phytoplankton,microscopicmarinealgae,utilizesunlightandcarbondioxidetoproduceorganicmatterthroughphotosynthesis.[C]Thistechnologicalinfrastructureiscurrentlyseverelyunderfundedandrequiresimmediategovernmentalintervention.[D]Theprimaryculpritishuman-inducedclimatechange.[E]Acidificationmakesitincreasinglydifficultfortheseorganismstoformcalciumcarbonateshells,avitalcomponentoftheirbiologicalstructure.[F]Thesesensorscancollectdataoncarbonflux,temperature,andpHlevelsoverextendedperiods.第四部分翻译阅读下面短文，将画线部分的句子翻译成中文。Theintegrationofartificialintelligenceintohealthcarediagnosticsrepresentsaprofoundparadigmshiftinmodernmedicine.46.Whiletraditionaldiagnosticmethodologiesheavilyrelyontheaccumulatedempiricalexperienceofindividualphysicians,AI-drivensystemscananalyzevastrepositoriesofmedicaldatawithunprecedentedspeedandprecision.47.Forinstance,inthefieldofradiology,machinelearningalgorithmsarenowcapableofdetectingmicro-calculationsandearly-stagetumorsinX-raysthatarefrequentlyimperceptibletothehumaneye.Thiscapabilitynotonlyenhancesdiagnosticaccuracybutalsosignificantlyreducesthewindowoftimebetweendiagnosisandtreatment.However,theubiquitousimplementationofthesetechnologiesisnotwithoutitsdetractors.48.Criticsarguethatanover-relianceonalgorithmicdiagnosticsmayleadtotheatrophyofclinicalintuition,acriticalskilldevelopedthroughyearsofpatientinteraction.Furthermore,the"blackbox"natureofcertainAImodelspresentsasignificantlegalandethicaldilemma.49.Ifadiagnosticerroroccurs,establishingaccountabilitybecomesexceedinglycomplexwhenneitherthephysiciannorthealgorithm'sdevelopercanfullyexplainthemathematicalpathwaysthatledtotheconclusion.Consequently,thefutureofmedicalAIliesnotinthereplacementofhumanpractitioners,butintheiraugmentation.50.Theidealmedicalecosystemofthefuturewillnecessitateasynergisticrelationship,wherethecomputationalbruteforceofAIiscomplementedbytheempatheticandholisticjudgmentofthehumanphysician.第五部分写作SupposeyouareauniversitystudentmajoringinEnvironmentalScience.Youhaverecentlyattendedaninternationalconferenceonsustainableurbandevelopment.Writeanessaytotheconferenceorganizers,proposingaspecificinitiativeforyouruniversitycampus.Inyouressay,youshould:1.Expressyourgratitudefortheconference.2.Proposeaspecificsustainabilityinitiative(e.g.,zero-wastecafeteria,solar-poweredstudypods).3.Explainthepotentialbenefitsofthisinitiative.4.Requestsupportorfundingfromtheorganizers.Youshouldwriteabout150words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.参考答案及解析第一部分英语知识运用1.【答案】[A]intuition【解析】词义辨析题。句意为“历史上，科学突破主要是通过人类___和艰苦的试错法来实现的”。[A]intuition意为“直觉”，符合科学家依靠直觉和试错进行研究的语境。[B]hesitation犹豫；[C]obligation义务；[D]simulation模拟。故选[A]。2.【答案】[B]relies【解析】固定搭配题。relyon意为“依赖，依靠”。句意为“然而，当代研究越来越依赖机器学习算法来处理海量数据”。[A]insiston坚持；[C]actson起作用；[D]callson号召。故选[B]。3.【答案】[B]patterns【解析】词义辨析题。机器学习算法的主要功能是从海量数据中发现隐藏的规律。[B]patterns意为“模式，规律”，符合语境。[A]flaws缺陷；[C]obstacles障碍；[D]biases偏见。故选[B]。4.【答案】[A]transition【解析】词义辨析题。前文提到从传统方法到使用AI的转变，[A]transition意为“转变，过渡”，符合句意“这种转变不仅仅意味着数据处理速度的量变”。[B]reduction减少；[C]distraction分心；[D]isolation隔离。故选[A]。5.【答案】[A]qualitative【解析】逻辑推理题。前半句提到不仅仅是量变，后半句自然应指质变。[A]qualitative意为“质的，定性的”，qualitativeshift意为“质的转变”，符合语境。[B]marginal边缘的；[C]structural结构的；[D]superficial表面的。故选[A]。6.【答案】[C]manually【解析】副词辨析题。本句将传统方法与AI模型进行对比，传统方法需要研究人员___合成和测试化合物。[C]manually意为“手工地，人工地”，与后文AI的虚拟模拟形成对比。[A]abruptly突然地；[B]spontaneously自发地；[D]hypothetically假设地。故选[C]。7.【答案】[B]expensive【解析】逻辑推理题。传统人工测试需要时间和金钱，且后文有andtime-consuming。[B]expensive意为“昂贵的”，符合“prohibitivelyexpensive（极其昂贵）”的搭配。[A]efficient高效的（与语境相反）；[C]comprehensive全面的；[D]predictable可预测的。故选[B]。8.【答案】[A]simulate【解析】词义辨析题。AI驱动的模型可以在几小时内虚拟___数百万次分子相互作用。[A]simulate意为“模拟”，符合语境。[B]isolate隔离；[C]eliminate消除；[D]complicate使复杂化。故选[A]。9.【答案】[C]shortening【解析】逻辑推理题。AI可以在几小时内完成数百万次模拟，自然是极大地___了从初期研究到临床试验的时间线。[C]shortening意为“缩短”，符合句意。[A]expanding扩大；[B]extending延长；[D]delaying延迟。故选[C]。10.【答案】[B]Nevertheless【解析】逻辑连词题。前文讲述了AI带来的巨大好处，后文开始讲述AI带来的认识论问题，前后为转折关系。[B]Nevertheless意为“然而，不过”，表转折。[A]Therefore因此（表因果）；[C]Moreover此外（表递进）；[D]Meanwhile同时（表时间）。故选[B]。11.【答案】[A]outcome【解析】词义辨析题。AI系统生成了一个能够准确预测生物学___的复杂模型。[A]outcome意为“结果”，符合语境。[B]symptom症状；[C]mutation突变；[D]illusion幻觉。故选[A]。12.【答案】[C]paradox【解析】名词辨析题。前文说AI给出了正确结果，后文说其内部运作机制即使是创造者也无法理解，这形成了一种矛盾或悖论。[C]paradox意为“悖论，矛盾的人或事”，最符合语境。explainabilityparadox意为“可解释性悖论”。[A]gap差距；[B]dilemma困境；[D]option选项。故选[C]。13.【答案】[B]internal【解析】逻辑推理题。前文提到AI像“黑盒”，即使是创造者也难以看透其___运作。[B]internal意为“内部的”，符合“internaloperations（内部运作）”。[A]external外部的；[C]manual手工的；[D]observable可观察的。故选[B]。14.【答案】[B]transparency【解析】上下文推理题。后文解释了该原则：结果必须独立可验证，且其底层机制必须是可理解的。这对应的是科学的透明性原则。[B]transparency意为“透明性”，符合语境。[A]authority权威；[C]confidentiality保密性；[D]flexibility灵活性。故选[B]。15.【答案】[A]decipher【解析】动词辨析题。如果研究人员无法___AI是如何得出某个特定结论的，那么该结果就只是假设。[A]decipher意为“破译，解释”，符合对复杂算法逻辑的理解。[B]deny否认；[C]predict预测；[D]ignore忽视。故选[A]。16.【答案】[A]constitutes【解析】动词辨析题。无法解释的结论只能算作假设，而不是既定的科学定律。[A]constitutes意为“构成，被视为”，符合语境。[B]replaces取代；[C]violates违反；[D]questions质疑。故选[A]。17.【答案】[A]Consequently【解析】逻辑连词题。前文指出AI存在黑盒问题，后文指出科学界必须开发新方法来解决这个问题，前后为因果关系。[A]Consequently意为“因此，结果”，表因果。[B]Alternatively或者；[C]Otherwise否则；[D]Furthermore此外。故选[A]。18.【答案】[A]substituting【解析】固定搭配与上下文逻辑题。句意为“科