2025年下半年湛江全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库

2025年下半年湛江全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.PartAYouwillhearashortlectureabouttheimpactofclimatechangeoncoastalcities.ListenandchoosethebestanswerfromA,B,C,orD.1.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthelecture?A.Theeconomicdevelopmentofcoastalcities.B.Thetechnologicalinnovationsinfloodcontrol.C.Theirreversibleimpactsofrisingsealevelsonurbanareas.D.Themigrationpatternsofmarinelife.2.Accordingtothespeaker,whatpercentageoftheworld'spopulationcurrentlylivesincoastalareas?A.Approximately20%.B.Approximately40%.C.Approximately60%.D.Approximately80%.3.Whatdoesthespeakerimplyabouttraditionalinfrastructure?A.Itiscompletelyobsoleteandmustbedemolished.B.Itispoorlyequippedtohandleunprecedentedweatherevents.C.Itwasintentionallydesignedtowithstandonlyminorfloods.D.Itistooexpensivetomaintainundercurrenteconomicconditions.PartBYouwillhearaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessorregardingaresearchpaper.4.Whydoesthestudentvisittheprofessor?A.Toaskforanextensiononthepaper'sdeadline.B.Todiscussthemethodologysectionofherresearch.C.Tocomplainaboutthelackofresourcesinthelibrary.D.Tochangeherresearchtopicentirely.5.Whatisthestudent'smainresearchsubject?A.Theeffectofsleepdeprivationoncognitivefunction.B.Therelationshipbetweenphysicalexerciseandmemoryretention.C.Thepsychologicalimpactofremotelearningonstudents.D.Thecorrelationbetweennutritionandacademicperformance.6.Whatadvicedoestheprofessorgiveregardingthestatisticalanalysis?A.Headviseshertocompletelyremovethestatisticalanalysis.B.Hesuggestsusingamoreadvancedsoftwareprogram.C.Herecommendssimplifyingthemodeltoavoidconfusingthereaders.D.Hetellshertoincreasethesamplesizesignificantly.7.Whatwillthestudentlikelydonext?A.Gotothelibrarytofindmorejournals.B.Scheduleanothermeetingwiththeprofessornextweek.C.Revisethemethodologysectionbasedonthefeedback.D.Interviewmoreparticipantsforherstudy.PartCYouwillhearamonologueaboutthehistoryandscienceofsleep.8.Whatwasthepredominantviewonsleepbeforethe20thcentury?A.Itwasconsideredapassivestatewherethebrainsimplyshutdown.B.Itwasviewedasahighlyactiveperiodformemoryconsolidation.C.Itwasbelievedtobeacureforphysicalailmentsonly.D.Itwasthoughttobedirectlylinkedtolunarcycles.9.Accordingtothelecture,whatoccursduringtheREM(RapidEyeMovement)stage?A.Thebodyexperiencesintensephysicalrestoration.B.Thebrainprocessescomplexemotionsandconsolidatesmemories.C.Theimmunesystemreleasescytokinestofightinfections.D.Thebodytemperaturerisestoitsdailypeak.10.Inthecontextofsleepefficiency,howisthemetriccalculated?A.Itistheratiooftotaltimeinbedtototalsleeptime.B.ItisthetotaltimespentinREMsleepdividedbytotalsleeptime.C.Itistheratiooftotalsleeptimetototaltimespentinbed.D.Itistheproductoftotalsleeptimeandthenumberofawakenings.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblank.TheadventofArtificialIntelligence(AI)hasprecipitatedaparadigmshiftinnearlyeverysectorofthemoderneconomy.Fromhealthcarediagnosticstoautonomoustransportation,machinelearningalgorithmsare11capabilitiesthatwereoncetheexclusive12ofhumanintellect.However,thisrapidtechnological13bringsforthamyriadofethicalandpracticalchallengesthatsocietymust14.Oneofthemostpressingconcernsisthe15oftheworkforce.AsAIsystemsbecomemore16,theautomationofroutineandevencognitivetasksislikelytodisplacemillionsofworkers17.Thisnecessitatesamassiveretraining18toequipindividualswiththeskillsrequiredinanAI-driveneconomy.Thecalculationoffutureworkforceneedscanbe19bytheformula=−(A×E)+N,whereisthefutureworkforcedemand,iscurrentdemand,Furthermore,the21ofbiasinAIalgorithmsposesasignificantthreattosocialequity.Machinelearningmodelsaretrainedon22datasets;ifthesedatasetscontainhistoricalprejudices,theAIwill23andamplifythem.Forinstance,ahiringalgorithmtrainedondatafromamale-dominatedindustrymight24penalizefemaleapplicants.To25this,developersmustadoptapracticeofalgorithmictransparency,ensuringthatthedecision-makingprocessesofAIsystemscanbe26andaudited.Anothercriticalissueisdataprivacy.AIrequiresvastamountsofdatatolearnand27.Thecollectionand28ofthisdataoftenoccurwithouttheexplicitconsentoftheindividualsinvolved.29,thereisanurgentneedforcomprehensivedataprotectionregulationsthat30individualprivacyrightsagainsttheinsatiabledataappetiteofAIsystems.11.A.demonstratingB.mimickingC.evaluatingD.compiling12.A.domainB.boundaryC.restrictionD.limit13.A.evolutionB.degradationC.integrationD.resolution14.A.rejectB.ignoreC.addressD.postpone15.A.expansionB.stabilityC.displacementD.education16.A.sophisticatedB.transparentC.controversialD.predictable17.A.globallyB.temporarilyC.voluntarilyD.accidentally18.A.infrastructureB.initiativeC.hierarchyD.bureaucracy19.A.concealedB.complicatedC.simplifiedD.illustrated20.A.manipulateB.disregardC.anticipateD.obscure21.A.eliminationB.presenceC.reductionD.introduction22.A.historicalB.impartialC.classifiedD.diverse23.A.eradicateB.rectifyC.inheritD.neutralize24.A.systematicallyB.inadvertentlyC.favorablyD.arbitrarily25.A.encounterB.mitigateC.amplifyD.witness26.A.concealedB.classifiedC.scrutinizedD.encrypted27.A.deteriorateB.innovateC.improveD.stagnate28.A.exploitationB.preservationC.deletionD.dissemination29.A.ThereforeB.NeverthelessC.OtherwiseD.Meanwhile30.A.prioritizeB.sacrificeC.balanceD.waiveSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theconceptof"lifelonglearning"hastransitionedfromapedagogicalidealtoaneconomicimperative.Inaneracharacterizedbyrapidtechnologicalobsolescence,thehalf-lifeofalearnedskillisshrinking.Itisestimatedthattechnicalskillsacquiredtodaymaybecomeirrelevantwithinfiveyears.Consequently,thetraditionalmodeloffront-loadingeducationinthefirstquarterofone'slifeisnolongersufficient.Continuouseducationisnotmerelyaboutcareersurvival;italsoplaysacrucialroleincognitivehealth.Neuroplasticity,thebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections,isstimulatedbynovellearningexperiences.Engaginginchallengingmentalactivities,suchaslearninganewlanguageormasteringamusicalinstrument,candelaytheonsetofcognitivedeclineassociatedwithaging.However,accesstolifelonglearningopportunitiesremainshighlyunequal.Socioeconomicstatusoftendictatestheavailabilityoftimeandresourcesnecessaryforcontinuouseducation.Workersinprecariousemploymentsituationslackthefinancialstabilitytotaketimeoffforretraining.Tobridgethisdivide,governmentsandcorporationsmustcollaboratetocreatesubsidized,flexiblelearningpathways.31.Whatisthemainargumentofthetext?A.Lifelonglearningisexclusivelybeneficialforcognitivehealth.B.Thetraditionaleducationalmodeliscompletelyuselessinthemodernera.C.Lifelonglearningisessentialduetorapidtechnologicalchanges,butaccessisunequal.D.Corporationsshouldbearthesoleresponsibilityforworkerretraining.32.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"thehalf-lifeofalearnedskillisshrinking"?A.Skillsarebecomingmorecomplexandtakelongertolearn.B.Thetimeittakesforaskilltobecomeobsoleteisdecreasing.C.Peopleareforgettingtechnicalskillsfasterthanbefore.D.Thevalueoftechnicalskillshashalvedinrecentyears.33.Accordingtothetext,howdoeslifelonglearningbenefittheagingbrain?A.ItreversestheeffectsofAlzheimer'sdiseasecompletely.B.Itincreasesthephysicalsizeofthebrain.C.Itstimulatesneuroplasticity,delayingcognitivedecline.D.Itreducestheneedforphysicalexerciseinolderadults.34.Whatisidentifiedasamajorbarriertolifelonglearning?A.Thelackofavailablecoursesandeducationalinstitutions.B.Theunwillingnessofolderadultstolearnnewtechnologies.C.Socioeconomicinequalityandprecariousemployment.D.Thehighcostoflearninganewlanguageormusicalinstrument.35.Whatsolutionisproposedtoaddresstheinequalityincontinuouseducation?A.Providingfreeuniversityeducationforallages.B.Governmentandcorporatecollaborationtocreatesubsidized,flexiblepathways.C.Forcingworkerstoattendmandatoryretrainingsessions.D.Shiftingtheresponsibilityentirelytotheindividualsthemselves.Text2Thephenomenonofthe"urbanheatisland"(UHI)effectisbecomingincreasinglysevereduetoglobalclimatechangeandrapidurbanization.UHIoccurswhenacityexperiencesmuchhighertemperaturesthannearbyruralareas.Thistemperaturedifferentialarisesbecauseurbaninfrastructure—suchasasphaltroads,concretebuildings,anddarkroofs—absorbandretainsolarradiationmoreefficientlythannaturallandscapes.TheconsequencesofUHIarefar-reaching.Elevatedurbantemperaturesexacerbateairpollution,astheheatacceleratestheformationofground-levelozone.Furthermore,theincreaseddemandforairconditioningduringheatwavesplacesimmensestrainonelectricalgrids,leadingtohighergreenhousegasemissionsandcreatingaviciouscycleofwarming.TomitigatetheUHIeffect,urbanplannersareadoptinginnovativestrategies.Oneprominentapproachistheinstallationofgreenroofs,whichinvolvecoveringbuildingrooftopswithvegetation.Thethermaldynamicsofgreenroofscanbeunderstoodthroughtheformula=−−−,whereisthenetheatabsorbedbythebuilding,isincomingsolarradiation,isheatlossthroughevapotranspirationfromplants,isconvectiveheattransfer,andisconductiveheattransfer.Byincreasing,greenroofssignificantlylowerthenetheatabsorbed,coolingboththebuildingandthesurroundingmicroclimate.Anothereffectivestrategyistheuseofhigh-albedomaterials.Albedoisameasureofhowwellasurfacereflectssolarenergy.Replacingdarkasphaltwithlighter,reflectivepavementscansignificantlyreducesurfacetemperatures.Implementingthesestrategiesrequirescarefulplanningandinvestment,butthelong-termbenefitstopublichealthandenergysustainabilityareundeniable.36.WhatistheprimarycauseoftheUrbanHeatIsland(UHI)effect?A.Thelackofvegetationinruralareas.B.Theabsorptionandretentionofsolarradiationbyurbaninfrastructure.C.Theexcessiveuseofairconditioninginruralareas.D.Thereductioninglobalgreenhousegasemissions.37.Accordingtothetext,howdoestheUHIeffectcontributetoa"viciouscycleofwarming"?A.Bycausingmorepeopletomigratetoruralareas.B.Byincreasingtheneedforairconditioning,whichraisesemissionsandheat.C.Byblockingsolarradiationfromreachingtheground.D.Byreducingtheformationofground-levelozone.38.Intheprovidedthermaldynamicsformula,whatdoesrepresent?A.Incomingsolarradiation.B.Heatlossthroughtheevaporationofwaterfromplants.C.Conductiveheattransferthroughbuildingmaterials.D.Thenetheatabsorbedbythebuilding.39.Howdohigh-albedomaterialshelpmitigatetheUHIeffect?A.Byabsorbingmoresolarradiationtoheatbuildingsnaturally.B.Byreflectingsolarenergy,therebyreducingsurfacetemperatures.C.Byincreasingtherateofevapotranspirationinurbanareas.D.Byconvertingsolarenergyintoelectricalpowerforthegrid.40.Whatistheoveralltoneofthepassage?A.Alarmistandpessimisticaboutthefutureofcities.B.Objectiveandsolution-orientedregardingurbanplanning.C.Criticalofthelackofgovernmentintervention.D.Indifferenttothechallengesofurbanization.PartBReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandcompletethestatementsbychoosingthebestoption.Theevolutionofhumanlanguageisoneofthemostfascinatingmysteriesinscience.Unlikeanimalcommunicationsystems,whicharetypicallyfiniteandinflexible,humanlanguageischaracterizedbyinfiniteproductivity—wecangenerateanendlessnumberofnovelsentences.Historically,linguistshavedebatedwhetherlanguageisaninnatehumaninstinctoraculturalinvention.NoamChomskyfamouslyproposedtheexistenceofa"UniversalGrammar,"ageneticendowmentthathardwirestheabilitytoacquirelanguageintothehumanbrain.41,otherresearchersarguethatlanguageemergedfromgeneralcognitiveabilitiesandsocialinteractions,developinggraduallyovermillennia.Regardlessofitsorigins,thebiologicalbasisoflanguageisnowwell-documented.Specificregionsofthebrain,mostnotablyBroca'sandWernicke'sareas,arededicatedtospeechproductionandcomprehension.Damagetotheseareasresultsinaphasia,aconditionthatseverelyimpairslinguisticability.42.Forexample,tonallanguageslikeMandarinrequireextensiveuseofbothhemispheres,whereasnon-tonallanguagesrelymoreheavilyonthelefthemisphere.Thediversityofhumanlanguagesisatestamenttoourculturaladaptability.Thereareover7,000languagesspokentoday,buttheyaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.43,linguistsestimatethathalfoftheworld'slanguagesmayfaceextinctionbytheendofthecentury.Languagedeathisnotmerelythelossofwords;itistheerasureofanentireculturalworldviewanduniqueecologicalknowledge.41.A.SimilarlyB.ConsequentlyC.ConverselyD.Furthermore42.A.However,languageprocessingisstrictlyconfinedtothelefthemisphereofthebrain.B.Thus,alllanguagesutilizetheexactsameneuralpathwaysregardlessoftheircomplexity.C.Interestingly,theneuralpathwaysactivatedcanvarydependingonthespecificlanguageused.D.Therefore,braindamagerarelyaffectsaperson'sabilitytocomprehendspokenlanguage.43.A.ThereforeB.DuetoglobalizationandculturalassimilationC.IncontrastD.BecausetechnologyispreservingthemSectionIVTranslationTranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmentisnotmerelyanenvironmentalbuzzwordbutafundamentalparadigmshiftinhowhumansocietiesoperate.Atitscore,itdemandsthatwemeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisrequiresadelicatebalancebetweeneconomicgrowth,environmentalprotection,andsocialequity.ThecalculationoftruesustainableprogressofteninvolvescomplexmetricsthatgobeyondtraditionalGrossDomesticProduct(GDP),factoringintheenvironmentalcostofresourcedepletionandsocialinequality.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestorise,thestrainonfinitenaturalresourcesintensifies.Therefore,transitioningtoacirculareconomy,wherewasteisminimized,andmaterialsarecontinuallyrepurposed,isnolongeroptional;itisanabsolutenecessityforhumansurvival.SectionVWritingDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingtopic.Topic:Withtherapidadvancementoftechnology,theboundarybetweenworkandpersonallifehasbecomeincreasinglyblurred,especiallywiththeprevalenceofremotework.Somearguethatthisflexibilityenhancesproductivity,whileothersclaimitleadstoburnout.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.ProvideyouressayontheAnswerSheet.***【参考答案与解析】SectionIListeningComprehension1.【答案】C。解析：听力原文明确提及“Iwillbediscussingtheirreversibleimpactsthatrisingsealevelsarehavingonoururbancoastalinfrastructure.”，故选C。2.【答案】B。解析：听力原文指出“Approximately40%oftheglobalpopulationresideswithin100kilometersofacoast.”，故选B。3.【答案】B。解析：原文提到“ourtraditionalinfrastructureispoorlyequippedtohandletheseunprecedentedweatherevents”，B选项符合此意。4.【答案】B。解析：对话开头学生说“Iwantedtogetyourfeedbackonthemethodologysectionofmyresearchpaper.”，故选B。5.【答案】A。解析：对话中学生提到“Mystudyfocusesontheeffectofsleepdeprivationoncognitivefunctionamongcollegestudents.”，故选A。6.【答案】C。解析：教授建议“Ithinkyourstatisticalmodelisabittoocomplex...trysimplifyingthemodeltomakeitmorereadable.”，故选C。7.【答案】C。解析：对话结尾学生说“I’llgobackandrevisethemethodologysectionbasedonyoursuggestions.”，故选C。8.【答案】A。解析：听力原文提到“Foralongtime,sleepwasviewedasapassivestate,aperiodwherethebrainsimplyshutdownandrested.”，故选A。9.【答案】B。解析：原文指出“DuringREMsleep,thebrainprocessescomplexemotionsandconsolidatesmemoriesfromtheday.”，故选B。10.【答案】C。解析：原文提到公式“Sleepefficiencyiscalculatedastheratiooftotalsleeptimetototaltimespentinbed.”，选项C的表述与之一致。SectionIIUseofEnglish11.【答案】B。解析：mimicking意为“模仿”，指机器学习算法正在模仿人类独有的智力能力。demonstrating（展示）、evaluating（评估）、compiling（编译）均不符合语境。12.【答案】A。解析：domain意为“领域”，exclusivedomain指“专属领域”。boundary（边界）、restriction（限制）、limit（极限）不符合搭配习惯。13.【答案】A。解析：evolution在此处指技术的“演进/发展”。degradation（退化）、integration（整合，通常后接of）、resolution（解决）语义不通。14.【答案】C。解析：address意为“处理/应对”，指社会必须应对这些挑战。reject（拒绝）、ignore（忽视）、postpone（推迟）不符合逻辑。15.【答案】C。解析：displacement意为“取代/替代”，指劳动力被AI取代。expansion（扩张）、stability（稳定）、education（教育）不符合后文“displaceworkers”的语境。16.【答案】A。解析：sophisticated意为“高级的/复杂的”，符合AI系统越来越高级的语境。transparent（透明的）、controversial（有争议的）、predictable（可预测的）非此处强调重点。17.【答案】A。解析：globally意为“全球地”，指全球范围内的工人可能被取代。temporarily（暂时地）、voluntarily（自愿地）、accidentally（意外地）不符合语境。18.【答案】B。解析：initiative意为“倡议/计划”，amassiveretraininginitiative指大规模的再培训计划。infrastructure（基础设施）、hierarchy（等级制度）、bureaucracy（官僚主义）不搭配retraining。19.【答案】D。解析：illustrated意为“说明/阐明”，指通过公式来说明未来劳动力需求的计算。concealed（隐藏）、complicated（使复杂化）、simplified（简化）不符合公式展示的作用。20.【答案】C。解析：anticipate意为“预期/预见”，指决策者必须预见这种数学现实。manipulate（操纵）、disregard（无视）、obscure（掩盖）不符合逻辑。21.【答案】B。解析：presence意为“存在”，指算法中存在的偏见。elimination（消除）、reduction（减少）、introduction（引入）不符合语境，因为下文提到偏见被放大。22.【答案】A。解析：historical意为“历史的”，指模型是基于历史数据集训练的。impartial（公正的，与后文矛盾）、classified（机密的）、diverse（多样的，不符合后文偏见逻辑）。23.【答案】C。解析：inherit意为“继承”，指AI会继承并放大历史偏见。eradicate（根除）、rectify（纠正）、neutralize（中和）与后文amplify矛盾。24.【答案】B。解析：inadvertently意为“无意地/不经意地”，指算法无意中对女性申请者造成不利。systematically（系统地）、favorably（有利地）、arbitrarily（任意地）不如“无意中”准确反映算法偏见的本质。25.【答案】B。解析：mitigate意为“减轻/缓解”，指减轻这种偏见。encounter（遭遇）、amplify（放大）、witness（目睹）不符合逻辑。26.【答案】C。解析：scrutinized意为“仔细审查”，指算法决策过程应可被审查。concealed（隐藏）、classified（分类/保密）、encrypted（加密）与透明度背道而驰。27.【答案】C。解析：improve意为“改进/提升”，指AI需要数据来学习和改进。deteriorate（恶化）、innovate（创新，不及物居多）、stagnate（停滞）不符合逻辑。28.【答案】A。解析：exploitation意为“利用/开发”，指数据的收集和利用。preservation（保存）、deletion（删除）、dissemination（传播）不符合数据被AI使用的语境。29.【答案】A。解析：Therefore意为“因此”，引出对数据保护法规的迫切需求。Nevertheless（然而）、Otherwise（否则）、Meanwhile（同时）不符合因果逻辑。30.【答案】C。解析：balance意为“平衡”，指平衡隐私权与AI的数据需求。prioritize（优先考虑）、sacrifice（牺牲）、waive（放弃）不符合保护隐私且发展AI的双重需求。SectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAText131.【答案】C。解析：主旨题。文章第一段指出由于技术快速过时，终身学习已成为经济必需品；第三段指出终身学习的机会获取存在严重不平等。C选项全面概括了文章主旨。32.【答案】B。解析：词义猜测题。“thehalf-lifeofalearnedskillisshrinking”在文中后接“technicalskillsacquiredtodaymaybecomeirrelevantwithinfiveyears”，意指技能变得过时的速度在加快，即技能的半衰期在缩短。33.【答案】C。解析：细节题。第二段提到“Neuroplasticity...isstimulatedbynovellearningexperiences.Engaginginchallengingmentalactivities...candelaytheonsetofcognitivedecline”，C选项正确。34.【答案】C。解析：细节题。第三段提到“Socioeconomicstatusoftendictatestheavailabilityoftimeandresources...Workersinprecariousemploymentsituationslackthefinancialstability”，即社会经济地位和不稳定就业是主要障碍。35.【答案】B。解析：细节题。最后一段提到“Tobridgethisdivide,governmentsandcorporationsmustcollaboratetocreatesubsidized,flexiblelearningpathways”，B选项符合原文。Text236.【答案】B。解析：细节题。第一段提到“urbaninfrastructure—suchasasphaltroads,concretebuildings,anddarkroofs—absorbandretainsolarradiationmoreefficientlythannaturallandscapes”，这是UHI效应的主要原因。37.【答案】B。解析。推理题。第二段指出“theincreaseddemandforairconditioningduringheatwavesplacesimmensestrainonelectricalgrids,leadingtohighergreenhousegasemissionsandcreatingaviciouscycleofwarming”，即空调需求增加导致排放增加，进