防城港市全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(2025年下半年)

防城港市全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(2025年下半年)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Therearetwopartsinthissection,PartAandPartB.PartAYouwillhear10shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.1.[A]Thewomanshouldquitherjob.[B]Thewomanisworkingtoohard.[C]Thewomanshouldtakeavacation.[D]Thewomanismakingagooddecision.2.[A]Atarailwaystation.[B]Atanairportcheck-incounter.[C]Atabusterminal.[D]Atatravelagency.3.[A]Theprojectwascompletedontime.[B]Theprojectwasunderfunded.[C]Theprojectfailedduetopoormanagement.[D]Theprojectexceededitsbudget.4.[A]Heisnotinterestedintheexhibition.[B]Hehasalreadyvisitedtheexhibition.[C]Heplanstovisittheexhibitionnextweek.[D]Hecannotaffordthetimetovisittheexhibition.5.[A]Themanforgottoreturnthebook.[B]Thelibraryisclosedtoday.[C]Thebookisalreadyoverdue.[D]Themanneedstopayafine.6.[A]$15.[B]$30.[C]$45.[D]$60.7.[A]Theweatherforecastisusuallyinaccurate.[B]Itwillrainheavilytomorrow.[C]Theyshouldcanceltheiroutdoorplan.[D]Themandoesn'tlikewalkingintherain.8.[A]Sheisaprofessionalphotographer.[B]Sheenjoystakingpicturesasahobby.[C]Shepreferspaintingtophotography.[D]Shejustboughtanewcamera.9.[A]Thelecturewasveryinformative.[B]Thelecturewastoodifficulttounderstand.[C]Thespeakerwasboring.[D]Thelecturelastedlongerthanexpected.10.[A]Toaskforapromotion.[B]Todiscussanewproject.[C]Toresignfromhiscurrentposition.[D]Torequestatransfertoanotherdepartment.PartBYouwillhear3shortpassagesorlongconversations.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thepassagesandconversationswillbespokenonlyonce.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.[A]Thehistoryofurbantransportation.[B]Thebenefitsofimplementingcongestionpricing.[C]Theenvironmentalimpactofprivatecars.[D]Thedevelopmentofpublictransitsystems.12.[A]Togeneraterevenueforthecitygovernment.[B]Toreducetrafficjamsandairpollution.[C]Toencouragepeopletobuyelectricvehicles.[D]Tolimitthenumberoftouristsenteringthecity.13.[A]Itleadstoadecreaseinretailsales.[B]Itdisproportionatelyaffectslow-incomedrivers.[C]Itincreasesthecostofpublictransportation.[D]Itcausestraffictoshifttootherneighborhoods.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingconversation.14.[A]Todiscussaresearchpaperonsleepdeprivation.[B]Toprepareforapresentationoncognitivepsychology.[C]Toanalyzetheresultsofarecentexperiment.[D]Totalkaboutthestudent'ssleepinghabits.15.[A]MemoryconsolidationoccursduringREMsleep.[B]Lackofsleephasnoeffectoncognitiveperformance.[C]Deepsleepisessentialforphysicalrecovery.[D]Microsleepscanhappenwithoutthepersonrealizingit.16.[A]Theyoftenconsumetoomuchcaffeine.[B]Theyareunawareoftheirownsleepdeprivation.[C]Theyperformbetterunderpressure.[D]Theyneedlesssleepthanolderadults.17.[A]Conductasurveyamongclassmates.[B]Writeadetailedreportonthefindings.[C]Focusontheeffectsofsleeponmemory.[D]Readmorearticlesoncognitivepsychology.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.18.[A]Toexplorethedeepsea.[B]Tomonitorclimatechangeeffects.[C]Totrackmarineanimalmigration.[D]Tomapunchartedoceanterritories.19.[A]Theycanonlyoperateforafewhours.[B]Theyarelimitedbybatterycapacity.[C]Theyaretooexpensivetomaintain.[D]Theycannotwithstandhighwaterpressure.20.[A]Byusingsolarpanelsonthesurface.[B]Byharvestingenergyfromoceanwaves.[C]Byutilizingthermalgradientsintheocean.[D]Bydeployingunderwaterchargingstations.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Theconceptofresiliencehasgarneredsignificantattentioninbothpsychologicalresearchandpopularculture.Resilienceisgenerallydefinedastheprocessofadaptingwellinthefaceofadversity,trauma,tragedy,orsignificantsourcesofstress.Itisnotatraitthatpeople21haveordonothave;rather,itinvolvesbehaviors,thoughts,andactionsthatcanbelearnedanddevelopedbyanyone.Onecommon22aboutresilienceisthatitissynonymouswithmentaltoughnessoremotionaldetachment.23,resilientindividualsoftenexperienceemotionalpainanddistress.Thekeydifferenceisthattheyhavedevelopedtechniquesto24fromsuchexperiences.Theydonotletfailure25them;instead,theyviewitasasteppingstonetofuturesuccess.Acrucialfactorinbuildingresilienceisthe26ofastrongsupportnetwork.Humansareinherentlysocialcreatures,and27relationshipswithfamilymembers,friends,orcolleaguescanprovideabufferagainststress.Whenfacedwithacrisis,havingsomeonetoconfideincan28theburdenandoffernewperspectivesontheproblem.Furthermore,cognitiveflexibilityplaysapivotalrole.Resilientpeopletendto29agrowthmindset,believingthattheirabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork.Theyaremorelikelyto30challengesasopportunitiesforself-improvementratherthan31threats.Thismindsetenablesthemtomaintaina32outlookeveninthedarkestoftimes.However,fosteringresilienceisnota33process.Itrequiresdeliberatepracticeandself-reflection.Oneeffectivestrategyisjournaling,whichallowsindividualstoprocesstheiremotionsand34patternsintheirthinking.Mindfulnessmeditationisanotherpowerfultoolthathelps35stressandpromotesemotionalregulation.Inaneramarkedbyrapidtechnologicalchangeandglobaluncertainty,theabilityto36adaptabilityandreboundfromsetbacksismoreimportantthanever.Resiliencedoesnoteliminatetherealitiesofstressorpain,butit37thecapacitytonavigatethroughthem.38,individualscanactivelycultivatethisskill,transforminglife'sinevitable39into40forprofoundpersonalevolution.21.[A]inherently[B]exclusively[C]constantly[D]optionally22.[A]misconception[B]perception[C]assumption[D]intuition23.[A]Therefore[B]Instead[C]However[D]Consequently24.[A]recover[B]retreat[C]release[D]refrain25.[A]define[B]confine[C]refine[D]align26.[A]cultivation[B]creation[C]establishment[D]foundation27.[A]mutual[B]fragile[C]superficial[D]obligatory28.[A]alleviate[B]elevate[C]aggregate[D]dominate29.[A]possess[B]embrace[C]enforce[D]abandon30.[A]perceive[B]receive[C]deceive[D]conceive31.[A]insurmountable[B]inevitable[C]insurmountable[D]tangible32.[A]pessimistic[B]optimistic[C]cynical[D]apathetic33.[A]passive[B]active[C]spontaneous[D]deliberate34.[A]distort[B]identify[C]ignore[D]disrupt35.[A]induce[B]mitigate[C]amplify[D]provoke36.[A]maintain[B]lose[C]suppress[D]reject37.[A]destroys[B]ignores[C]empowers[D]diminishes38.[A]Ultimately[B]Accidentally[C]Reluctantly[D]Initially39.[A]fortunes[B]blessings[C]obstacles[D]advantages40.[A]catalysts[B]barriers[C]hindrances[D]limitationsSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Text1Thedeepocean,coveringmorethan60oftheEarth'ssurface,remainsoneofthemostunexploredfrontiersofourplanet.Withambientpressureincreasingbyoneatmosphereforevery10mHistorically,deep-seaexplorationreliedonmannedsubmersibles,whichareexpensivetooperateandposesignificantriskstohumanoccupants.TheintroductionofAutonomousUnderwaterVehicles(AUVs)hasrevolutionizedthefield.Unliketheirmannedcounterparts,AUVsarenottetheredtoasurfacevessel,grantingthemunprecedentedfreedomofmovement.Theyareequippedwithasuiteofsensors,includingmultibeamechosoundersfortopographicmapping,andhigh-resolutioncamerasthatcancapturethebioluminescenceofdeep-seaorganismsinpitch-blackenvironments.However,thedeploymentofAUVsisnotwithoutitslimitations.Themostpressingissueispowersupply.Currentbatterytechnologyallowsformissionslastingonlyafewdozenhours,whichisinsufficientforcomprehensivesurveysofthevastabyssalplains.Thisconstrainthasspurredresearchintoalternativeenergysources.Onepromisingavenueisthedevelopmentofthermalrechargingsystems,whichexploitthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthewarmsurfacewaterandthecolddeepwatertogenerateelectricity.Ifsuccessfullyscaled,theformulaforthetheoreticalmaximumefficiencyηofsuchasystem,givenbyη=1−(whereandBeyondthetechnologicalmarvels,thebiologicaldiscoveriesareprofound.Hydrothermalvents,discoveredinthelate1970s,revealedecosystemsentirelyindependentofsolarenergy.Insteadofphotosynthesis,theseorganismsrelyonchemosynthesis,aprocesswheremicrobesconvertchemicalcompoundslikehydrogensulfideintoenergy.ThisfindingnotonlyreshapedourunderstandingoflifeonEarthbutalsoexpandedtheparametersforthesearchforextraterrestriallife.41.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?[A]Thehistoryofdeep-seaexploration.[B]Thetechnologicalandbiologicalaspectsofthedeepocean.[C]Thedangersofusingmannedsubmersibles.[D]Thesearchforextraterrestriallifeinoceanenvironments.42.Accordingtothepassage,whyareAUVsconsideredsuperiortomannedsubmersibles?[A]Theyarecheapertobuild.[B]Theycancarrymorescientificequipment.[C]Theyarenotrestrictedbyaphysicalconnectiontoaship.[D]Theycanstayunderwaterindefinitely.43.WhatisthemainproblemfacingthewidespreaduseofAUVs?[A]Thehighcostofmaintenance.[B]Thelackofadvancedsensortechnology.[C]Theinabilitytowithstandextremewaterpressure.[D]Thelimiteddurationoftheirpowersupply.44.Whatdoesthethermalrechargingsystemrelyontogeneratepower?[A]Solarenergy.[B]Chemicalreactions.[C]Temperaturegradients.[D]Kineticenergyfromcurrents.45.Thediscoveryoforganismsnearhydrothermalventsissignificantbecauseit:[A]provedthatlifecanexistwithoutsunlight.[B]helpedlocatenewsourcesofhydrogensulfide.[C]providedanewmethodforunderwatermapping.[D]demonstratedtheefficiencyofchemosynthesisformula.Text2Theconventionalparadigmofarigidnine-to-fiveworkscheduleisincreasinglybeingchallengedbytheriseofthegigeconomyandremotework.Thisshiftisnotmerelyatemporaryresponsetoglobalhealthcrises,butafundamentalrestructuringofhowlaborisorganizedandcompensated.Whileproponentsarguethatthisflexibilityempowersworkers,criticswarnoftheerosionoflaborrightsandtheexacerbationofwealthinequality.Thegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelancework,operatesonthepromiseofautonomy.PlatformslikeUberorUpworkallowindividualstobetheirownbosses,choosingwhenandhowmuchtowork.However,thisfacadeofentrepreneurshipoftenconcealsarealityofalgorithmicmanagement.Workersaresubjectedtoautomatedratingsystemsthatcanpenalizethemforfactorsbeyondtheircontrol,suchastrafficcongestionordemandingclients.Furthermore,theclassificationoftheseworkersasindependentcontractorsstripsthemoftraditionalemploymentbenefits,includinghealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementcontributions.Remotework,ontheotherhand,blurstheboundarybetweenpersonalandprofessionallife.Withoutaphysicalofficetoleaveattheendoftheday,manyemployeesexperiencean"always-on"culture.Studieshaveshownthatremoteworkersoftenworklongerhoursthantheirin-officecounterparts,drivenbyapressuretoprovetheirproductivity.Thiscontinuousconnectivitycanleadtochronicstressandburnout.Thechallengeforpolicymakersistomodernizelaborlawstoreflectthesenewrealities.Somejurisdictionshavebeguntomandate"righttodisconnect"laws,givingemployeesthelegalrighttoignorework-relatedcommunicationsoutsideofworkinghours.Othersareattemptingtoestablishportablebenefitssystems,wherebenefitsaretiedtotheworkerratherthantheemployer,allowingthemtoaccumulateacrossvariousgigplatforms.Ultimately,thefutureofworkshouldnotbeabinarychoicebetweenflexibilityandsecurity.Abalancedapproachthatharnessesthetechnologicalefficienciesoftheneweconomywhileprovidingarobustsocialsafetynetisessentialtoensurethatthelabormarketworksforeveryone,notjusttheaggregatorsofcapital.46.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindrawbackofthegigeconomyforworkers?[A]Theworkisphysicallydemanding.[B]Theylacktraditionalemploymentbenefits.[C]Theyareforcedtoworklonghours.[D]Thepayisgenerallylowerthantraditionaljobs.47.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"algorithmicmanagement"inthesecondparagraph?[A]Workersusealgorithmstofindbetterjobs.[B]Computersreplacehumanresourcesdepartments.[C]Automatedsystemscontrolandpenalizeworkers.[D]Algorithmsdeterminethepayrateforalljobs.48.Howdoesremoteworkcontributetoemployeeburnout?[A]Itrequireslearningnewtechnologiesconstantly.[B]Iteliminatesthephysicalseparationbetweenworkandhome.[C]Itincreasesthenumberofmeetingsemployeesmustattend.[D]Itreducesface-to-faceinteractionwithcolleagues.49.Whatisthepurposeof"righttodisconnect"laws?[A]Topreventcompaniesfrommonitoringemployeesathome.[B]Tomandatethatemployersprovideinternetaccess.[C]Toallowworkerstolegallyignoreworkcommunicationsafterhours.[D]Tolimittheamountoftimeanemployeecanworkremotely.50.Whatistheauthor'soverallstanceonthefutureofwork?[A]Thegigeconomyshouldbeabolished.[B]Remoteworkisbadforemployeehealth.[C]Abalancebetweenflexibilityandsecurityisnecessary.[D]Technologywilleventuallysolvealllaborissues.Text3Intherealmofcognitivepsychology,thephenomenonof"retrieval-inducedforgetting"(RIF)hasgeneratedconsiderabledebate.Firstdescribedinthe1990s,RIFreferstothecounterintuitivefindingthattheactofrecallingaspecificmemorycancausetheforgettingofrelated,butunrecalled,memories.Forinstance,ifyouaretryingtorememberthecapitalofPeru(Lima),youractiveretrievalofthisfactmaytemporarilyinhibityourabilitytorecallthecapitalofChile(Santiago).ThestandardtheoreticalframeworkforexplainingRIFisthe"inhibitiontheory."Accordingtothismodel,whenweattempttoretrieveatargetmemory,othercompetingmemoriesintrudeandcreateinterference.Tosuccessfullyretrievethetarget,thebrainmustactivelysuppressthesecompetitors.Thissuppressionpersists,leadingtothesubsequentforgettingofthecompetinginformation.Itisessentiallyamentaldeclutteringprocess,allowingthebraintoprioritizethemostrelevantinformation.However,analternativeexplanationpositsthatRIFisnotanactivesuppressionmechanism,butratherabyproductof"interference."Inthisview,theactofretrievingatargetmemorystrengthenstheneuralpathwaysassociatedwiththatmemory,whilesimultaneouslyweakeningtheassociationsofrelated,unretrievedmemoriesthroughaprocessofnon-useorblocking.Thetargetmemorysimplyoutcompetestheothersforcognitiveresources.Distinguishingbetweenthesetwotheorieshasprovendifficultbecausetheyoftenmakesimilarbehavioralpredictions.However,neuroimagingstudiesusingfMRIhaveprovidedsomesupportfortheinhibitiontheory.Duringretrievaltasks,increasedactivityisobservedintheprefrontalcortex,abrainregionassociatedwithcognitivecontrolandinhibition,alongsidereducedactivityinthehippocampus,thebrain'smemorycenter.Thissuggestsanactive,top-downsuppressionprocess.UnderstandingRIFhaspracticalimplications,particularlyinthecontextofeyewitnesstestimony.Ifawitnessisrepeatedlyquestionedaboutaspecificdetailofacrime,theymayinadvertentlyforgetothercrucialdetailsduetothesuppressionofcompetingmemories.Thishighlightstheneedforcarefullystructuredinterviewingtechniquesinlegalsettingstominimizetheriskofalteringawitness'smemoryinadvertently.51.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?[A]Howthebrainstoreslong-termmemories.[B]Thephenomenonofretrieval-inducedforgetting.[C]Thedifferencesbetweentheprefrontalcortexandhippocampus.[D]Theunreliabilityofeyewitnesstestimony.52.Accordingtotheinhibitiontheory,whydoesforgettingoccur?[A]Becausethebrainisoverwhelmedbytoomuchinformation.[B]Becausethetargetmemoryisnotstrongenough.[C]Becausecompetingmemoriesareactivelysuppressedtoretrieveatarget.[D]Becauseneuralpathwaysdegradeovertime.53.Howdoesthe"interference"explanationdifferfromthe"inhibitiontheory"?[A]Itclaimsthatforgettingisapassiveresultofstrengtheningthetargetmemory.[B]Itarguesthatallmemoriesarestrengthenedduringretrieval.[C]Itsuggeststhattheprefrontalcortexisnotinvolvedinmemoryretrieval.[D]Itbelievesthatcompetingmemoriesarepermanentlydestroyed.54.Whatevidencesupportstheinhibitiontheory?[A]Patientswithhippocampusdamagecannotformnewmemories.[B]fMRIscansshowactivityinbrainareasrelatedtocognitivecontrol.[C]Eyewitnesstestimoniesareoftenprovenwrong.[D]Behavioraltestsshowthatpracticeimprovesmemory.55.WhyisthestudyofRIFimportantforthelegalsystem?[A]Ithelpslawyerswincasesbymanipulatingwitnesses.[B]Itprovesthatmosteyewitnesstestimoniesarefalse.[C]Itshowsthatrepeatedquestioningaboutonedetailcanerasememoriesofothers.[D]Itallowspolicetousehypnosistorecoversuppressedmemories.PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstotheinformationgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.Theconceptofuniversalbasicincome(UBI)hastransitionedfromafringeeconomictheorytoamainstreampolicydebate.UBIinvolvesprovidingallcitizenswitharegular,unconditionalsumofmoney,regardlessoftheiremploymentstatusorwealth.Whileithasproponentsacrossthepoliticalspectrum,theirmotivationsvarysignificantly,creatingstrangebedfellows.SiliconValleyentrepreneursoftenchampionUBIasanecessarybufferagainsttheimpendingjobdisplacementcausedbyartificialintelligenceandautomation.Fromtheirperspective,machineswilleventuallyperformmostroutinecognitiveandphysicallabor,renderingasignificantportionoftheworkforceunemployable.UBIisseenasapragmaticsolutiontomaintainconsumerpurchasingpowerandpreventsocialunrest.Conversely,progressiveadvocatesviewUBIasatoolforsocialjustice.Theyarguethattraditionalwelfaresystemsareoverlybureaucratic,paternalistic,andstigmatizing.Bymakingtheincomeunconditional,UBIempowersindividualstomaketheirownchoices,whetherthatinvolvespursuingeducation,caringforfamilymembers,orengagingincreativeendeavors.Itisframedasafundamentalhumanrighttobasicsurvival,decoupledfrommarketvalue.However,criticsonboththeleftandtherightraisesubstantialconcerns.FiscalconservativeswarnabouttheastronomicalcostofimplementingagenuineUBI,arguingthatitwouldrequiremassivetaxincreasesorthedismantlingofexistingsocialsafetynets.Theyalsofearitwoulddisincentivizework,leadingtoastagnanteconomy.Someprogressivecritics,meanwhile,worrythatUBIcouldbeusedasaTrojanhorsetodismantlehard-wonlaborrights.Ifcorporationsknowcitizensarereceivingabasicincome,theymightuseitasanexcusetokeepwagesloworeliminatebenefits.Insteadoftransformingsociety,UBIcouldinadvertentlysubsidizecorporateexploitation.MatchthefollowinggroupsorindividualswiththeirprimaryviewonUniversalBasicIncome(UBI).56.SiliconValleyentrepreneurs57.Progressiveadvocates58.Fiscalconservatives59.Someprogressivecritics60.Theauthor'soverallportrayaloftheUBIdebate[A]ViewsUBIasawaytoeliminatetraditionalwelfaresystemsandprovidesocialjustice.[B]BelievesUBIwillleadtomassivetaxincreasesandcausepeopletostopworking.[C]SeesUBIasanecessaryresponsetoautomationandjobdisplacement.[D]FearsUBImightbeusedbycorporationstosuppresswagesandeliminatebenefits.[E]ArguesthatUBIisapaternalisticandbureaucraticsystem.[F]Presentsthedebateashavingdiversesupporterswithdifferentunderlyingmotives.[G]BelievesUBIwillstimulatetheeconomythroughincreasedconsumerspending.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Theconceptof"naturedeficitdisorder"wascoinedtodescribethepsychologicalandphysicalcostsofhumanalienationfromnature.61)Whilenotarecognizedmedicalcondition,thetermhighlightsagrowingconcernthatmodern,technology-drivenlifestylesaredeprivingpeople,especiallychildren,oftherestorativebenefitsofthenaturalworld.62)Historically,humansspentthevastmajorityoftheirtimeoutdoors,hunting,gathering,andlater,engaginginagriculture,whichfosteredadeep,symbioticrelationshipwiththeenvironment.Today,theaveragepersonspendsanestimated90oftheirtimeindoors.63)Thisindoorexistenceisoftencharacterizedbyexposuretoartificiallight,poorairquality,andalackofnaturalsensorystimulation,contributingtoincreasedratesofanxiety,depression,andattentiondeficitdisorders.Themechanismsthroughwhichnatureexertsitstherapeuticeffectsaremultifaceted.Exposuretosunlightregulatescircadianrhythms,improvingsleepquality.64)Furthermore,environmentsrichinnaturalstimuli,suchasthesoundofflowingwaterorthesightoflushvegetation,havebeenshowntolowercortisollevelsandreduceactivityintheamygdala,thebrain'sfearcenter.Tocombatthisdeficit,urbanplannersandeducatorsareadvocatingfortheintegrationofgreenspacesintodailylife.65)Ultimately,reconnectingwithnatureisnotmerelyarecreationalluxury,butafundamentalbiologicalnecessityfortheholisticwell-beingofthehumanspecies.SectionIVWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:Inrecentyears,therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkeddebatesaboutitsimpactonthejobmarket.SomepeoplebelievethatAIwillcreatemassunemployment,whileothersarguethatitwillgeneratenewtypesofjobsandimproveoverallproductivity.Writeanessaytoexpressyouropiniononthistopic.Youshould:1.Stateyouropinionclearly.2.Providespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourview.3.Drawaconclusion.听力材料参考PartA1.W:I'vebeenworkingovertimeeverydaythisweek.Ifeelcompletelyexhausted.M:Maybeyoushouldtakesometimeoffbeforeyouburnout.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?2.M:Goodmorning.I'mflyingtoLondon.IsflightBA123ontime?W:I'msorry,sir,butduetoheavyfog,theflighthasbeendelayedbytwohours.Pleasewaitinthedeparturelounge.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelytakeplace?3.W:Howdidthemarketingcampaignturnout?Didwemeetourtargets?M:Notexactly.Theinitialphasewassuccessful,butweranoutoffundshalfwaythrough,sothefinalresultsweredisappointing.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemarketingcampaign?4.W:Areyougoingtothemodernartexhibitiondowntownthisweekend?M:I'dloveto,butIhavetoprepareforacrucialpresentationonMonday.Isimplycan'tsparethetime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?5.M:IforgottoreturnthebookIborrowedlastmonth.Ihopethefineisn'ttoohigh.W:Unfortunately,thelibrarychargesfiftycentsadayforoverduebooks,andit'sbeentendays.Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?6.W:Didyoubuytheticketsfortheconcert?M:Yes,Igottwo.Theywere30eQ:Howmuchdidthemanpayintotalforthetickets?7.W:Theweatherforecastsaysit'sgoingtorainheavilytomorrow.Iguesswe'llhavetocancelourhikingtrip.M:Don'tworry,theweatherforecastisrarelyaccurate.Let'swaitandsee.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.M:Yourphotosareabsolutelystunning.Youmustbeaprofessional.W:Thankyou,butIjustdoitforfun.Myrealjobisanaccountant.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?9.W:Howwasthelectureonquantumphysicsthismorning?M:Itwassupposedtoendat11,buttheprofessorwentonuntil11:30,andhonestly,mostofitwentovermyhead.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?10.W:Iheardyouaregoingtoseethebossthisafternoon.Isitaboutthenewproject?M:Actually,I'veacceptedanofferfromanothercompany.I'mgoingtohandinmyresignation.Q:Whyisthemangoingtoseetheboss?PartBPassage1Theconceptofcongestionpricinghasgainedtractioninmajorcitiesworldwideasastrategytomanagetrafficandenvironmentaldegradation.Bychargingvehiclesafeetoenterhigh-trafficareasduringpeakhours,cityplannersaimtoreducethenumberofprivatecarsontheroad.Theprimarygoalsaretwofold:todecreasetrafficjams,whichcostbillionsinlostproductivityannually,andtoimproveairqualitybyloweringcarbonemissions.CitieslikeLondonandSingaporehavesuccessfullyimplementedthismodel,seeingsignificantreductionsintrafficvolumeandanincreaseintheuseofpublictransit.However,thepolicyisnotwithoutitscritics.Somearguethatitdisproportionatelyaffectslow-incomedriverswhocannotaffordthedailyfeeandrelyontheircarsforwork.Additionally,thereareconcernsthatthepolicysimplypushestrafficintoneighborhoodsjustoutsidethepricingzone,creatingnewcongestionissueselsewhere.11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?12.Whatistheprimarypurposeofcongestionpricing?13.Whichofthefollowingisacriticismofthecongestionpricingpolicymentionedinthepassage?Conversation2M:ProfessorSmith,Iwantedtodiscussmyresearchpaperonsleepdeprivation.I'mhavingtroublenarrowingdownthefocus.W:That'