全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(广东省河源市2025年下半年)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(广东省河源市2025年下半年)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.PartAYouwillhearashortspeechaboutthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.Listentothespeechandcompletethenotesbelow.Writenomorethanthreewordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.1.Theinitialconceptofartificialintelligencewasproposedbyagroupof__________.2.Inthe1980s,thedevelopmentofAIwashinderedbyalackof__________.3.ModernAIsystemscananalyzemassiveamountsofdatatoidentifyhidden__________.4.OneofthemajorethicalconcernsregardingAIisitspotentialtoinvadehuman__________.5.ExpertssuggestthatfutureAIregulationsshouldrequireregular__________.PartBYouwillhearaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Youwillheartheconversationtwice.6.Thestudentmissedthepreviousclassduetoafamilyemergency.7.Theprofessorbelievesthestudent'sdraftlackssufficientevidence.8.Thestudenthasalreadycollecteddatafromoverfivehundredparticipants.9.Theprofessoradvisesthestudenttofocusonthequalitativeaspectsoftheresearch.10.ThedeadlineforthefinalpaperhasbeenextendedtonextFriday.PartCYouwillhearthreedialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadafewquestions.Youwillheareachpiecetwice.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingmonologueaboutclimatechange.11.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthespeaker'sresearch?A.Theeconomicimpactofglobalwarming.B.Thebehavioralpatternsofmigratorybirds.C.Themeltingrateofpolaricecaps.D.Theeffectofrisingtemperaturesonagriculture.12.Accordingtothespeaker,whatunexpectedphenomenonhasbeenobserved?A.Certainplantspeciesaregrowingatanacceleratedrate.B.Someanimalspeciesarealteringtheirmigrationschedules.C.Thefrequencyofextremeweathereventshasdecreased.D.Oceanlevelshavestabilizedoverthepastdecade.13.Whatdoesthespeakerimplyaboutthecurrentenvironmentalpolicies?A.Theyareoverlystrictandhindereconomicgrowth.B.Theyareinsufficientandneedtobeimplementedfaster.C.Theyhavesuccessfullyreversedthedamagetotheecosystem.D.Theyfocustoomuchonindustrialpollutionratherthanindividualactions.Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingdialoguebetweentwocolleagues.14.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Abudgetproposalfortheupcomingfiscalyear.B.Therestructuringofthemarketingdepartment.C.Anewsoftwareimplementationplan.D.Theschedulefortheannualcompanyretreat.15.Whatisthewoman'sprimaryconcern?A.Thenewsystemwillbetooexpensivetomaintain.B.Theemployeesarenotadequatelytrainedforthetransition.C.Thetimelinefortheprojectisunrealistic.D.Thevendor'sreputationisquestionable.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingnext?A.Postponingtheprojectuntilnextquarter.B.Hiringanexternalconsultanttoevaluatetheplan.C.Organizingapilotprograminonedepartmentfirst.D.Negotiatingabetterpricewiththesupplier.Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowinglectureonsleepscience.17.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?A.Thecorrelationbetweensleepdurationandcognitiveperformance.B.Theimpactofelectronicdevicesonsleepquality.C.Thedifferentstagesofthehumansleepcycle.D.Thepsychologicaleffectsofsleepdeprivation.18.Accordingtothelecture,whathappensduringtheREMstage?A.Thebodytemperaturedropstoitslowestpoint.B.Thebrainprocessesandconsolidatesmemories.C.Themusclestenseuptopreparefortheday.D.Theheartrateslowsdownsignificantly.19.Whatadvicedoestheprofessorgivetoimprovesleephygiene?A.Exercisingvigorouslyrightbeforebed.B.Consumingheavymealslateintheevening.C.Maintainingaconsistentsleepscheduleevenonweekends.D.Usingsleepingpillsasatemporarysolution.20.Whatdoestheprofessormeanwhenhementions"sleepdebt"?A.Itisafinancialtermrelatedtomedicalbills.B.Itreferstotheaccumulateddeficitofnecessarysleep.C.Itdescribesthepsychologicalguiltofoversleeping.D.Itisaconceptthathasbeendisprovenbyrecentstudies.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Themodernworkplacehasundergoneaprofoundtransformationinrecentyears,largelydrivenbytechnologicaladvancementsandshiftingculturalparadigms.Oneofthemostsignificantchangesistheshifttowardsremotework,atrendthatwas21(accelerated/stabilized/delayed/reversed)bytheglobalhealthcrisis.Whileinitiallyviewedasatemporary22(measure/venture/liability/benchmark),remoteworkhasnowbecomeapermanentfixtureinmanyorganizations.Proponentsofthismodelarguethatitoffersunparalleled23(flexibility/rigidity/autonomy/liability)foremployees,allowingthemtobalancetheirprofessionalandpersonallivesmoreeffectively.Withoutthedaily24(commute/transition/migration/pilgrimage)totheoffice,workersreportlowerlevelsofstressandhigherjobsatisfaction.Furthermore,companiescanbenefitfromabroadertalentpool,asgeographical25(barriers/horizons/milestones/boundaries)arenolongeralimitingfactorinrecruitment.However,thetransitiontoadistributedworkforceisnotwithoutits26(caveats/merits/blessings/assets).Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthepotentialerosionofcompanyculture.Inavirtualenvironment,spontaneousinteractionsandtheorganic27(cultivation/investigation/evaluation/erosion)ofinterpersonalrelationshipsaresignificantlyhindered.Employeesmayfeel28(disengaged/empowered/integrated/valued)fromthebroaderorganizationalmission,leadingtodecreasedmoraleovertime.Anothercriticalchallengeisthe29(blurring/clearing/drawing/shifting)ofboundariesbetweenworkandhomelife.Whentheofficeismerelyafewstepsaway,manyworkersfinditdifficultto30(disconnect/reconnect/engage/involve)attheendoftheday.Thisconstantconnectivitycanleadtoburnout,aphenomenonthatisincreasinglybeingrecognizedasaseriousoccupationalhazard.Toaddresstheseissues,forward-thinkingorganizationsareimplementing31(hybrid/homogeneous/isolated/redundant)modelsthatcombineremoteandin-officework.Thisapproachseekstoharnessthebenefitsofbothparadigms.Managersarealsobeingtrainedtofocuson32(outcomes/presence/hours/attendance)ratherthanmerehourslogged,trustingemployeestomanagetheirtimeeffectively.Ultimately,thesuccessofthemodernworkplacereliesonadelicate33(balance/contradiction/prejudice/illusion)betweenautonomyandcollaboration.Aswenavigatethisevolvinglandscape,itisimperativethatbothemployersandemployeesremain34(adaptable/stagnant/indifferent/resistant)tochange,ensuringthatproductivityandwell-beingarenotmutually35(exclusive/inclusive/redundant/subordinate).21.A.acceleratedB.stabilizedC.delayedD.reversed22.A.measureB.ventureC.liabilityD.benchmark23.A.flexibilityB.rigidityC.autonomyD.liability24.A.commuteB.transitionC.migrationD.pilgrimage25.A.barriersB.horizonsC.milestonesD.boundaries26.A.caveatsB.meritsC.blessingsD.assets27.A.cultivationB.investigationC.evaluationD.erosion28.A.disengagedB.empoweredC.integratedD.valued29.A.blurringB.clearingC.drawingD.shifting30.A.disconnectB.reconnectC.engageD.involve31.A.hybridB.homogeneousC.isolatedD.redundant32.A.outcomesB.presenceC.hoursD.attendance33.A.balanceB.contradictionC.prejudiceD.illusion34.A.adaptableB.stagnantC.indifferentD.resistant35.A.exclusiveB.inclusiveC.redundantD.subordinateSectionIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasfundamentallyreshapedhowconsumersaccessgoodsandservices.Atitscore,thesharingeconomyisaneconomicsysteminwhichassetsorservicesaresharedbetweenprivateindividuals,eitherforfreeorforafee,typicallybymeansoftheInternet.PlatformslikeAirbnbandUberhavebecomesynonymouswiththismovement,promisingamoreefficientanddemocraticallocationofresources.However,beneaththesurfaceofthisutopianvisionliesacomplexrealitythatwarrantscloserscrutiny.Theprimaryallureofthesharingeconomyisitspromiseofmutualbenefit.Ownersofunderutilizedassetscanmonetizethem,whileconsumersgainaccesstoservicesthatareoftencheaperandmoreconvenientthantraditionalalternatives.Forinstance,ahomeownerwithaspareroomcangeneratesupplementalincome,whileatravelercanfindaffordableaccommodationthatoffersamoreauthenticlocalexperience.Despitetheseapparentadvantages,therapidexpansionofsharingeconomyplatformshastriggeredabacklashfromregulatorsandtraditionalindustries.Taxidriversworldwidehaveprotestedagainstride-sharingservices,arguingthattheybypassstringentregulationsandlicensingfees,creatinganunevenplayingfield.Similarly,landlordsinmajorcitieshaveexpressedconcernthatshort-termrentalsreducethesupplyoflong-termhousing,drivinguprentalpricesforlocalresidents.Furthermore,thesharingeconomyraisesprofoundquestionsaboutlaborrights.Gigworkers,classifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,arefrequentlydeniedbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementcontributions.Thislackofasafetynetleavesthemvulnerabletoeconomicfluctuationsandpersonalemergencies.Whiletheflexibilityofgigworkisoftenhighlightedasamajorbenefit,therealityformanyisaprecariousexistencecharacterizedbyunpredictableincomeandalackofjobsecurity.Inconclusion,whilethesharingeconomyhasundoubtedlyintroducedvaluableinnovations,italsopresentssignificantregulatoryandsocialchallenges.Strikingabalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandprotectingtherightsofworkersandtraditionalindustrieswillbeoneofthedefiningeconomicchallengesofthecomingdecade.36.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromotetheuseofsharingeconomyplatforms.B.Toprovideacriticalanalysisofthesharingeconomy.C.Tocomparedifferentsharingeconomybusinessmodels.D.Toexplainthetechnicalmechanismsofgigeconomyplatforms.37.Accordingtothetext,whydotraditionaltaxidriversopposeride-sharingservices?A.Becauseride-sharingservicesusenewervehicles.B.Becausetheybelieveride-sharingavoidsnecessaryregulationsandfees.C.Becauseride-sharingdriversaremoreexperienced.D.Becauseride-sharingservicesofferlowerqualityservice.38.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheclassificationofgigworkers?A.Itprovidesthemwithcomprehensivehealthinsurance.B.Itensuresastableandpredictableincome.C.Itdeprivesthemofcertainemployeebenefits.D.Itguaranteesthempaidleaveandretirementcontributions.39.Theword"precarious"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto__________.A.stableandsecureB.dangerousanduncertainC.highlyprofitableD.technologicallyadvanced40.Whatistheauthor'soveralltoneinthepassage?A.Unconditionallysupportive.B.Completelydismissive.C.Objectiveandanalytical.D.Humorousandsatirical.Text2Thestudyofhumanmemoryhaslongfascinatedneuroscientistsandpsychologistsalike.Fordecades,theprevailingtheorywasthatmemorieswerestaticentities,storedinspecificregionsofthebrainlikefilesinacabinet.However,contemporaryresearchsuggeststhatmemoryisahighlydynamicprocess,onethatinvolvesthecontinuousreconstructionofneuralpathways.Everytimewerecallamemory,wearenotsimplyretrievingaperfectrecordingofthepast;rather,weareactivelyrecreatingit.Thisprocessofretrievalaltersthememoryitself,makingitsusceptibletomodificationordistortion.Newinformationcanbeinadvertentlywovenintotheexistingmemorytrace,aphenomenonknownasthemisinformationeffect.Thishassignificantimplicationsforthereliabilityofeyewitnesstestimonyinlegalproceedings.Studieshaveshownthatthewayquestionsarephrasedcansubtlyalterawitness'smemoryofanevent,leadingtoinaccuraciesthatthewitnessfirmlybelievestobethetruth.Themalleabilityofmemoryisnotinherentlyaflaw;itisacrucialfeatureofhumancognition.Theabilitytoupdatememoriesallowsustolearnfromnewexperiencesandadapttochangingenvironments.Ifourmemorieswereperfectlystatic,wewouldbeunabletointegratenewinformationoradjustourbehaviorbasedonpastmistakes.Thebrainprioritizesusefulnessoverabsoluteaccuracy,constantlyeditingourinternalnarrativetohelpusnavigatethefuture.Understandingthemechanicsofmemoryhasalsoledtobreakthroughsintreatingpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).Researchersareexploringwaystomanipulatethereconsolidationprocess,aimingtodiminishtheemotionalintensityoftraumaticmemories.Byrecallingatraumaticeventinacontrolledenvironmentandintroducingnew,safeinformation,clinicianscaneffectivelyweakentheneuralconnectionsassociatedwiththetrauma.Thissuggeststhattheimperfectionsofhumanmemorymayholdthekeytohealingsomeofourdeepestpsychologicalwounds.41.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Memoryisastaticentitystoredinthebrain.B.Theprocessofrecallingamemorycanchangeit.C.Eyewitnesstestimonyisalwaysperfectlyreliable.D.Thebrainprioritizesabsoluteaccuracyoverusefulness.42.Whatisthe"misinformationeffect"asdescribedinthetext?A.Thetendencytoforgetinformationovertime.B.Theinabilitytorecalltraumaticeventsaccurately.C.Theintegrationofnew,incorrectinformationintoanexistingmemory.D.Thedeliberatealterationofmemoriesbylegalprofessionals.43.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthemalleabilityofmemoryconsideredbeneficial?A.Itallowsforperfectrecallofpastevents.B.Ithelpsindividualsforgetpainfulexperiencesimmediately.C.Itenableslearningandadaptationtonewenvironments.D.Itmakeseyewitnesstestimonymorereliableincourt.44.HowareresearchersusingtheunderstandingofmemoryreconsolidationtotreatPTSD?A.Bycompletelyerasingallmemoriesofthetraumaticevent.B.Byweakeningtheemotionalintensityoftraumaticmemoriesthroughcontrolledrecall.C.Bypreventingpatientsfromrecallinganypastevents.D.Bystrengtheningtheneuralconnectionsassociatedwithfear.45.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sviewonhumanmemory?A.Itisaflawlessrecordingsystemthatshouldberelieduponcompletely.B.Itisadynamicandadaptableprocessthatissusceptibletochange.C.Itisaflawedsystemthatisentirelyuselessforlearning.D.Itisastaticprocessthatcannotbealteredbyexternalfactors.Text3Inthequestforsustainableenergysolutions,solarpowerhasemergedasaleadingcontender.Thefundamentalprincipleofsolarenergyisstraightforward:convertingsunlightintoelectricityusingphotovoltaiccells.However,theefficiencyofthisconversionprocessremainsacriticalchallenge.Thetraditionalsilicon-basedsolarcells,whilereliable,areapproachingtheirtheoreticalefficiencylimits.Toovercomethisbarrier,scientistsareturningtoanewgenerationofmaterials,mostnotablyperovskites.Perovskitesolarcellshavegeneratedimmenseexcitementinthescientificcommunityduetotheirpotentialtoachievehighefficiencyatasignificantlylowercost.Theefficiencyofasolarcellcanbemathematicallyexpressedasη=,whereistheelectricalpoweroutputandistheincidentsolarpower.Perovskiteshavedemonstratedarapidincreaseinthisefficiencymetricoverthepastdecade,surpassingtheprogressoftraditionalsiliconcells.Beyondefficiency,perovskitespossessremarkablephysicalproperties.Theyarelightweight,flexible,andcanbemanufacturedusingrelativelysimpleprintingtechniques.Thismeanstheycanbeappliedtoavarietyofsurfacesthatcannotsupportheavysiliconpanels,suchasclothing,curvedvehicles,orevententfabrics.Furthermore,theycanbemadesemi-transparent,openinguppossibilitiesforintegrationintobuildingwindows,effectivelyturningskyscrapersintoverticalpowerplants.Despitetheirimmensepromise,perovskitesarenotwithoutdrawbacks.Theprimaryobstacletotheircommercializationistheirdurability.Perovskitesarehighlysensitivetomoistureandheat,degradingrapidlywhenexposedtotheelements.Asolarpanelthatfailsafterafewmonthsisnotcommerciallyviable,regardlessofitsinitialefficiency.Consequently,researchersareintenselyfocusedondevelopingprotectivecoatingsandmodifyingthechemicalcompositionofperovskitestoenhancetheirlongevity.Thetransitionfromlaboratorysuccesstocommercialviabilityisalongandarduousjourney.Ifthedurabilityissuescanberesolved,perovskitesolarcellscouldrevolutionizetheglobalenergylandscape,providingclean,affordable,andversatilepowergeneration.Untilthen,siliconwillcontinuetodominaterooftops,whileperovskitesremainthetechnologyofthefuture.46.Whatistheprimarylimitationoftraditionalsilicon-basedsolarcellsmentionedinthetext?A.Theyaretooexpensivetomanufacture.B.Theyareapproachingtheirmaximumtheoreticalefficiency.C.Theycannotbeusedonrooftops.D.Theyareharmfultotheenvironment.47.Accordingtothepassage,whyareperovskitesolarcellsconsideredpromising?A.Theyaremadefromabundantandcheapmaterials.B.Theyhaveachievedperfectefficiencyinlaboratorysettings.C.Theyareheavyanddurable,makingthemidealforharshweather.D.Theyareflexibleandcanbeappliedtovarioussurfaceslikeclothingandvehicles.48.Whatisthemainfactorhinderingthecommercializationofperovskitesolarcells?A.Theirlowefficiencycomparedtosiliconcells.B.Theirinabilitytogenerateelectricityincloudyconditions.C.Theirsensitivitytomoistureandheat,leadingtorapiddegradation.D.Theirhighmanufacturingcosts.49.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecurrentstateofperovskitetechnology?A.Ithascompletelyreplacedsiliconinthecommercialmarket.B.Itiswidelyusedintheconstructionofskyscrapers.C.Itisstillprimarilyintheresearchanddevelopmentphase.D.Ithasbeenabandonedduetoinsurmountabletechnicalchallenges.50.Howdoestheauthorlikelyviewthefutureofperovskitesolarcells?A.Pessimisticaboutanyfuturebreakthroughs.B.Cautiouslyoptimistic,provideddurabilityissuesaresolved.C.Indifferenttotheoutcomeoftheresearch.D.Certainthattheywillimmediatelyreplaceallotherenergysources.Text4Theconceptofuniversalbasicincome(UBI)hasmovedfromthefringesofeconomictheorytothecenterofmainstreampoliticaldiscourse.UBIisasysteminwhichallcitizensofacountryreceivearegular,unconditionalsumofmoneyfromthegovernment,regardlessoftheiremploymentstatusorincomelevel.ProponentsarguethatUBIisanecessaryevolutionofthewelfarestate,designedtoaddresstheeconomicrealitiesofthe21stcentury.ThemostcompellingargumentforUBIistheimpendingthreatofautomation.Asartificialintelligenceandroboticsbecomeincreasinglysophisticated,asignificantportionoftheworkforceisatriskofbeingdisplaced.Unlikepreviousindustrialrevolutions,whichshiftedlaborfromagriculturetomanufacturing,thecurrentwaveofautomationthreatensjobsacrossallsectors,includingroutinecognitivetasks.UBIisproposedasasafetynet,ensuringthatcitizenscanmeettheirbasicneedseveniftheyareunabletofindemployment.Beyondmitigatingtheeffectsofjobdisplacement,advocatessuggestthatUBIcouldfosteraneweraofinnovationandcreativity.Freedfromtheimmediatepressureofsecuringbasicsurvival,individualsmightpursueeducation,startbusinesses,orengageinartisticendeavors.Thiscouldleadtoaflourishingofhumancapitalthatiscurrentlysuppressedbythenecessityofmeniallabor.Furthermore,byprovidingafinancialfloor,UBIcouldempowerworkerstorejectexploitativeworkingconditions,therebyforcingemployerstoimprovewagesandjobquality.However,criticsofUBIraisesignificantpracticalandeconomicconcerns.Themostobviousobjectionisthecost.Providingameaningfulincometoeverycitizenwouldrequireanastronomicalbudget,potentiallyrequiringsubstantialtaxincreasesorcutstoexistinggovernmentservices.EconomistsalsowarnthatUBIcouldtriggerinflation,astheincreasedpurchasingpowerwoulddriveupthepricesofessentialgoods,negatingtheintendedbenefit.Additionally,thereisaphilosophicalobjectionrootedintheProtestantworkethic,whichholdsthatworkisamoralimperativeandasourceofsocialcohesion.Criticsarguethatprovidingmoneyunconditionallymightdisincentivizework,leadingtoadeclineinproductivityandabreakdownofsocietalvalues.Despitethesecontentiousdebates,severalpilotprogramshavebeeninitiatedworldwide.Theresultshavebeenmixed,thoughmanyhavereportedpositiveoutcomesintermsofmentalhealthandwell-beingamongrecipients.Astheglobaleconomycontinuestoevolve,thediscussionsurroundingUBIislikelytointensify,forcingsocietiestoredefinetherelationshipbetweencitizens,work,andthestate.51.WhatistheprimaryreasonproponentsadvocateforUBIaccordingtothetext?A.Toreplaceallexistingformsofsocialwelfare.B.Toaddressthepotentialjoblossescausedbyautomation.C.Toencouragepeopletoworklongerhours.D.Toincreasetheprofitsoftechnologycompanies.52.HowmightUBIpotentiallyimproveworkingconditions,assuggestedinthepassage?A.Byprovidinggovernmentsubsidiestobusinesses.B.Byallowingworkerstorefuseexploitativejobs,forcingemployerstoofferbetterterms.C.Bycreatinganewgovernmentagencytoregulatebusinesses.D.Byloweringtheunemploymentratethroughmandatoryjobcreation.53.WhatisoneofthemaineconomicconcernsraisedbycriticsofUBI?A.Itmightleadtoadecreaseinthepricesofessentialgoods.B.Itcouldcauseinflationbyincreasingpurchasingpower.C.Itwouldimmediatelysolveallnationaldebtproblems.D.Itwouldmakethecountrylesscompetitiveglobally.54.WhatisthephilosophicalobjectiontoUBImentionedinthetext?A.Itcontradictsthebeliefthatworkisamoralimperativeandsourceofsocialcohesion.B.Itviolatestheprinciplesoffree-marketcapitalism.C.Itistoodifficulttoimplementinruralareas.D.Itencouragesexcessiveimmigration.55.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepilotprogramsmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.TheyhaveuniversallyproventhatUBIisaflawlesssystem.B.TheyhavedefinitivelyshownthatUBIcausessevereeconomiccollapse.C.Theyhaveshownmixedresultsbutindicatedsomepositiveeffectsonwell-being.D.Theyhavebeencompletelyignoredbypolicymakersworldwide.PartBReadthefollowingtextandcompletethesentencesbelowitbychoosingfromthelistofphrasesmarkedAtoG.Therearemorephrasesthanyouneed.Thehistoryofchocolateisafascinatingjourneythatspansthousandsofyearsandmultiplecontinents.Itbegannotasthesweettreatweknowtoday,butasabitter,frothybeverageconsumedbytheancientMesoamericancultures.TheOlmecs,oneoftheearliestcivilizationsinMexico,arebelievedtobethefirsttoprocessthecacaoplant.56.__________.Thebeansweregroundintoapasteandmixedwithwater,chilipeppers,andotherspicestocreateapotentdrinkthatwasreservedfornobilityandsacredrituals.WhentheSpanishconquistadorsarrivedintheAmericasinthe16thcentury,theywereintroducedtothisexoticbeverage.57.__________.Theyreplacedthechilipepperswithsugarandvanilla,makingthedrinkmorepalatabletoEuropeantastes.TheSpanishkeptthesecretofchocolatetothemselvesfornearlyacentury,enjoyingitasanexclusiveluxuryintheroyalcourts.58.__________.Asdemandgrew,Europeanpowersestablishedcacaoplantationsintheircolonies,oftenrelyingonenslavedlabortomeettheinsatiableappetiteforthenewdelicacy.TheIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thand19thcenturiesmarkedaturningpointinthehistoryofchocolate.59.__________.TheinventionofthecocoapressbyCoenraadJohannesvanHoutenin1828allowedfortheseparationofcocoabutterfromtheroastedbean,leavingbehindafinepowder.Thisinnovationmadechocolatemoreaffordableandaccessibletothemasses.60.__________.Thisresultedinthecreationofthefirstsolid,melt-in-your-mouthchocolatebar,transformingtheproductfromabeverageintotheconfectionerydelightthatdominatestheglobalmarkettoday.A.ThebeveragewasinitiallytoobitterfortheEuropeanpalate,sotheymodifiedtherecipe.B.Later,theMayaandAztecsalsoreveredcacao,oftenusingthebeansasaformofcurrency.C.Theprocessofmakingchocolatewasheavilyindustrialized,leadingtoadeclineinquality.D.Subsequently,thesecretleakedout,andchocolatehousesbegantoappearacrossEurope.E.Furthermore,theadditionofcocoabutterbackintothepowderledtothecreationofsolidchocolate.F.ThecacaoplantwaseventuallybroughttoEuropeandgrowninbotanicalgardens.G.Technologicaladvancementsrevolutionizedtheproductionofchocolate,changingitfromaliquidtoasolidform.SectionIVWritingPartAYouaretowriteanemailtoalocalenvironmentalorganization.Youhavenoticedasignificantincreaseinlitteringinanearbypublicpark.Inyouremail,youshould:1.Describethecurrentsituationofthepark.2.Explainthenegativeimpactofthislittering.3.Suggestatleasttwopracticalmeasurestoaddresstheproblem.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourrealnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.PartBBelowisachartshowingthechangesinthemodeoftransportationusedbycitizensinacertaincityfrom2015to2023.Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyouressay,youshould:1.Describetheinformationshowninthechart.2.Analyzethepossiblereasonsforthesechanges.3.Drawaconclusionormakeaprediction.Youshouldwrite