2025年高考英语大二轮-作业52四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空

作业52四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空(分值：40分)Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)(2024·河北邢台一模)ArecentstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasdiscoveredthatrivererosion(侵蚀)canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasinandexaminedhowtheerosionofvariousrocktypesbytheriverhadledtotheseparationanddiversificationofatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.Astimepassed，theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.ScientistThomasNearobservedthatthegreenfindarterwasexclusivelyfoundinthesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasin.TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear’sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.Thistreehelpedthemcomprehendtheevolutionanddifferencesofthegreenfindarterspecies.Theydiscoveredthatthefishwithinthesamebranchoftheriverweremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthantothefishinotherbranches.Thisstudyprovidesevidencethatrivererosionsignificantlyimpactsbiodiversityinregionswithlowtectonicactivity.Itillustrateshowchangesinthelandscapecausedbyrivererosioncanleadtothedivisionanddiversificationofspeciesovertime，eveninpeacefulenvironments.Thesefindingsenhanceourunderstandingofthemechanisms(机制)thatdrivebiodiversityandevolution，eveninareasthatarenottypicallyassociatedwithintensetectonicactivity.Subsequently，theteamdiscoveredastrongcorrelationbetweenthehabitatsofthegreenfindarterandthetypeofrockspresent.ThesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasinconsistsofhard，tightlypackedrocks，resultinginturbulent(湍急的)wavesintheriversthatflowthroughit.Thischaracteristicmaybefavoredbythegreenfindarter.Asaresult，theteamassumedwhetherthedistributionofgreenfindarterhabitatshadbeeninfluencedbythechangingrocktypes，astheriverserodedthelandovertime.Totestthisassumption，theresearchersdevelopedasimulationmodel.Remarkably，theresultsconfirmedtheirassumption.1．WhatisnewabouttheMITstudy?A．Itfindsrivererosioncanenhancebiodiversity.B．Itfurtherprovesthemechanismsofrivererosion.C．Itprovesthegeographicalfeaturesofbiodiversity.D．Itclassifiesatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegreenfindarter?A．Theirappearancesvarybetweenfamilies.B．Theirgeneticconstitutionshavediversified.C．Theypreferthedeepandslow-flowingriver.D．Theygoextinctinthechanginglandscapeofrivers.3．HowdidNearhelptheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A．Bycreatinganevolutionarytreeofthefish.B．Byofferingthefish’sgeneticdata.C．Byreasoningoutthetimethefishevolveandseparate.D．Byanalyzingthegeneticsimilaritybetweendifferentfish.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．RiverErosionCanShapeFishEvolutionB．GeneticChangeintheGreenfinDarterC．EvolutionaryTreeAnalysisoftheGreenfinDarterD．TheImpactofClimateChangeonFishDiversityⅡ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)(2024·湖北武汉一模)LexiReedweighed485poundsattheageof25—aweightthatwasquite1.Dannywasoverweighthimselfeventhoughhecameinat280pounds.But，the2partofeverythingwasthatthecouplewerebothgainingmoreweightonwhattheyalreadyhadwitheachpassingday.Someofthedailyactivities，nomatterhowsimple，becameareal3forthecouple.However，aftercelebratingtheirfirst4in2016，theydecidedtomakeapositivechangeintheirlife.Thecouplewasmakingmanyplansto5inthenewyear2016likemanyotherpeoplearoundtheworld.TheymadeaNewYear’sresolution.But，itwasnot6tomanythatweremade，astheydecidedto7achallengethatwouldchangetheirlivesforever—andforgood!Somanypeoplemakepromisestothemselvesandothersthattheydon’treally8，buttheReedswerenotabouttoactliketheothers.Theirswereboundtocometo9.Itwascompletelyunknowntothecouplethatpeoplewereactually10themonlinewhentheystartedtheirjourney.Their11attractedlotsofattention，andpeoplecheeredthemon.Lexikeptherfriendsandfamily12withherprogressthroughInstagram.Buttheywereyettoreceiveamajor13oftheirlives：Theywere14inapopularissueofPeopleMagazineknownas“HalfTheirSize”．Beforelong，thecouple’sstoryhadbecomeareal15.1．A.unforgivable B．unbelievableC．unachievable D．uncomfortable2．A.vital B．strangeC．miserable D．miracle3．A.issue B．concernC．debate D．possibility4．A.birthday B．valentineC．Christmas D．anniversary5．A.work B．runC．ring D．surge6．A.equal B．similarC．familiar D．inferior7．A.takeon B．takeoutC．takeoff D．takein8．A.putout B．breakoutC．spreadout D．carryout9．A.fame B．formationC．top D．reality10．A.doubting B．recordingC．following D．serving11．A.success B．enterpriseC．mission D．innovation12．A.updated B．inspiredC．moved D．connected13．A.achievement B．commitmentC．surprise D．boost14．A.praised B．featuredC．documented D．memorized15．A.hit B．incidentC．gossip D．legendⅢ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2024·江苏南京一模)Inrecentyears，ChinahasbeenworkinghardtoimprovelivingconditionsinruralareasthroughaprogramcalledtheNewRuralDevelopmentInitiative.1.goalofthisinitiativeistoimproveinfrastructure(基础设施)，modernizefarmingpractices，andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeforthose2.(live)inthecountryside.Oneimportantaspectoftheinitiativeistheimprovementofruralinfrastructure3.________________includestheconstructionofbetterroads，bridges，andwateringsystems4.______________(improve)theefficiencyoftransportationandagriculturalactivities.Anotherkeyfocusisthepromotionofmodernagricultural5.(technique)．Byintroducingadvancedfarmingmethodsandtechnologies，suchasorganicfarmingandtheuseofmachinery，farmersareabletoincreasetheirproductivityandincome6.damagingtheenvironment.Furthermore，theinitiativeemphasizestheimportanceofpreservingtraditionalcultureandheritageinruralcommunities.Efforts7.(make)toregeneratelocaltraditions，whichnotonlyenrichesthecultural8.(diverse)ofthecountrysidebutalsocreatesnewopportunitiesforculturaltourismandsustainabledevelopment.Theinitiativealsoaimstoenhancethelivingenvironmentinruralareasthroughtherestorationoftraditionalhouses9.__________________theconstructionofpublicfacilities.Throughtheinitiative，Chinaisworkinghardtocreateamoreprosperous(繁荣的)and10.________________(harmony)countryside，providingitsruralresidentswithbetteropportunitiesandanimprovedqualityoflife.答案精析Ⅰ.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加地壳活动少的地区的生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。1．A[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Arecentstudyconducted...canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.”可知，麻省理工学院的这项研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性。故选A。]2．B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasin...theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.”可知，绿鳍鲷的基因构成变得多样化了。故选B。]3．B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear’sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.”可知，Near通过提供鱼的基因数据帮助研究人员得出结论。故选B。]4．A[标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。由此可知，A选项“河流侵蚀影响鱼类进化”最符合文章标题。故选A。]Ⅱ.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是LexiReed和Danny夫妇都很胖，但是却决心为自己的生活做出积极改变，在网上有很多人关注他们的进展，后来他们甚至还登上了杂志，成了热门话题。1．B[unforgivable不可饶恕的；unbelievable令人难以置信的；unachievable不可实现的；uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“LexiReedweighed485poundsattheageof25”可知，LexiReed的体重是令人难以置信的。故选B。]2．C[vital关键的；strange奇怪的；miserable悲惨的；miracle神奇的。根据下文“thecouplewerebothgainingmoreweightonwhattheyalreadyhadwitheachpassingday”可知，他们的体重还在增加，这是很悲惨的。故选C。]3．A[issue问题；concern担忧；debate辩论；possibility可能性。根据上文“LexiReedweighed485poundsattheageof25”和“Dannywasoverweighthimselfeventhoughhecameinat280pounds.”可知，夫妻两个都很胖，所以一些日常活动对他们来说是一个问题。故选A。]4．D[birthday生日；valentine情人节；Christmas圣诞节；anniversary纪念日。根据上文“theirfirst”及下文“theydecidedtomakeapositivechangeinlife”可知，他们在一个重要的节日决定要做出积极改变，“纪念日”符合语境。故选D。]5．C[work工作；run跑步；ring敲钟；surge急剧上升。根据下文“inthenewyear2016.”可知，他们制定一些计划来迎接新年，ringinthenewyear意为“迎接新年”。故选C。]6．B[equal平等的；similar类似的；familiar熟悉的；inferior低等的。根据下文“buttheReedswerenotabouttoactliketheothers”可知，他们和其他人的新年决心不同，因此空格处是similar。故选B。]7．A[takeon接受；takeout拿出去；takeoff脱掉；takein吸收。根据下文“achallengethatwouldchangetheirlivesforever”可知，他们决定接受一个将永远改变他们生活的挑战。故选A。]8．D[putout扑灭；breakout爆发；spreadout伸开；carryout实施。根据上文“Somanypeoplemakepromisestothemselvesandothersthattheydon’treally”及常识可知，很多人会做出承诺，但是不能真正地履行。故选D。]9．D[fame名声；formation构成；top顶部；reality现实。根据上文“Somanypeoplemakepromisestothemselvesandothersthattheydon’treally，buttheReedswerenotabouttoactliketheothers.”可知，很多人做出的承诺并不能实现，但是他们跟别人不同，所以他们的承诺注定要成为现实。故选D。]10．C[doubt怀疑；