2025年高考英语大二轮-作业51四选一阅读＋七选五阅读

作业51四选一阅读＋七选五阅读Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2024·福建漳州三模)Ilovelearningaboutcustomsand①practicesinothercountries.Forthispost，IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions!CHINAThemostspecialofthebirthdaytraditionsinChinaisforbabies.Newparentsgiveredeggs(anevennumber)tofriendsandfamilyforgoodluck.Commonpresentsincludefood，silverware，andmoneywrappedinredpaper.Onbirthdays，itiscommontoeatlongevitynoodles(长寿面)withoutbreakingthemforgoodlucktolivealonglife.ISRAELSometimeschildreninIsraelwearacrown(花冠)madefromleavesorflowersfortheirbirthday.Thebirthdaychildsitsinachair，andgetspickedupandraisedand②loweredthechaironetimeforeachyearofage，plusonemoreforgoodluck.Guestsatthebirthdaypartysinganddancearoundthechair.Atbirthdayparties，kidsoftenplaygames，suchasraceswithpotatoesonspoons.GHANAInGhana，oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast：sweetpotatoesmixedwithonions，madeintopatties，andfriedwithhardboiledeggs.Laterintheday，Ghanaianssometimeshaveapartyforthechildwithstew，rice，andkelewele.Attheparty，girlsoftenliketoplayagamecalledampe.MEXICOMexicofamiliesloveparties，andcelebratebirthdaysengrande(盛大地)．The15thbirthday，quinceañeraisthemostimportant，formal，and③well-prepared.MexicansalwayssingLasMañanitastowakeupthechildontheirbirthdays.Whenthebirthdaygirlorboyblowsouttheircandles，guestscallforthemto④takeabiteofthecake(“mordida-mordida！”)andalwayspushtheirfaceintothefrosting.AMexicanbirthdaypartyalwayshasapiñatafilledwithlittletoysandcandies.1．WhatdoparentsbothinChinaandGhanadofortheirkids’birthdays?A．Offerthemaspecialfood.B．Givethemmoneyinredpapers.C．Playauniquegamewiththem.D．Makeaspecialclothingforthem.2．WhatdokidsinMexicogetfortheirbirthdays?A．Ablessingsong.B．Abeautifulcrown.C．Redeggs.D．Awonderfulbreakfast.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anoticeboard.B．Atravelguidebook.C．Awebsite.D．Ageographymagazine.语境猜词①practice熟义：n.实践；练习生义(文义)：②lower(转)adj.→v.③well-prepared(合)＝well＋prepared④takeabiteofB(2024·河北衡水模拟预测)Outofallfieldsofscience，physicshasareputationforbeingdifficulttothegeneralpublic.Ontopofcomplexformulas(公式)，theabstractconceptsthatmakeituparesometimessimplyhardtograsp.That’swhyprofessorTatianaErukhimovaworksalongsidetheteamofthePhysics&AstronomydepartmentatTexasA&MUniversity(TAMU)toproduceaseriesofvideosshowingreal-worldapplicationsofphysicsinafunand①insightfulwaythathasearnedherfansaroundtheworld.Notonlyaretheexplanationsineveryvideoeasytofollow，butErukhimova’senthusiasmiswhattrulykeepstheviewerengaged.Forexample，inonevideo，thecheerfulprofessorexplainsthephysicsofpressure.Todemonstratehowdistributingweightallows②seeminglyfragileobjectstocarryheavierloads，theteacherexcitedlystepsonatinyboardwithlightbulbsandthenproceedstoreplicate(复制)theexperimentwitheggs—untilittakesanunexpectedturn.Erukhimova’suniqueteachingmethodcomesfromherhopetogetstudentsinterestedthrough③demonstrativeclasses.“Yougetthis‘wowfactor’andthenit’seasiertofindresonance(共鸣)，”shesaid.“IlikewhatIteach，andItrytosharemyexcitementwiththem.”Borntophysicistparents，Erukhimovahashadaunique④attachmenttothefieldsinceshewasverylittle.“Mypassionforphysicsisjustinmygenes，andIcannotimaginemylifewithoutphysics，”sheexplained.AfterbeingofferedapositionatTexasA&Malmost25yearsago，ErukhimovamovedfromRussiatoTexas.Sincethen，shehaswonoverbothuniversitystudentsandcasualviewerswithherparticularwayofexplainingscience.Whilesheisawarethatpeoplemaynotlearnalotfromwatchingashortvideo，gettingtheminterestedandcuriousaboutlearningmoreisallworthit.4．Whydoesphysicsseemdifficulttothegeneralpublic?A．Ithasmanyformulas.B．It’sboringanduseless.C．Itsconceptsareabstract.D．Accesstoeducationalresourcesislimited.5．WhatmakesErukhimova’svideospopular?A．Herfamilybackground.B．Herrespectforherstudents.C．Hervividlanguageandpersonality.D．Herenthusiasmandteachingmethod.6．WhatdoesErukhimovahopetoachievethroughherdemonstrativeclasses?A．Winningovercasualviewersandfans.B．Gettingstudentsinterestedinphysics.C．Sharingherexcitementaboutphysics.D．Improvingstudents’academicperformance.7．WhatcanbelearnedaboutErukhimova?A．Shehasmanyhobbies.B．Sheisafamousscientist.C．Sheisdevotedtoherjob.D．Sheearnsaveryhighsalary.语境猜词①insightful(派)＝insight＋ful②seemingly(派)＝seeming＋ly③demonstrative(派)＝demonstrat(e)＋ive④attachment(派)＝attach＋mentC(2024·福建泉州二模)Whendeliveringmedicationstopatients，oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisdirectinjection(注射)intothe①bloodstreamusinganeedle.Butthiscanbeanuncomfortableexperience，especiallyforkidsoradultswithafearofneedles.Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead，drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.Now，inspiredbyoctopussuckers(章鱼吸盘)，researchersfromChinaandSwitzerlandhavedesigneda②needle-freealternative:atiny，drug-filled，cup-likepatch(贴片)thatstickstotheinsideofthecheeks.Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible，anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek，theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.Totestthedesign，theteam3Dprintedthesuckers.Theyloadedeachwiththedrugandstucktheminsidethecheeksofthreebeagles，akindofdogwhichhasasimilarinnercheekliningtohumans.Forcomparison，theyalsodeliveredthedrugtobeaglesviaapill.Afterthreehours，theteamfoundthatdrugblood③concentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.40healthyhumanvolunteersself-appliedwater-filledpatchestoseehowwelltheywouldstayonwhiletalkingandmovingtheirmouths.After30minutes，onlyfiveofthe40patcheshadfallenoff，whichwasbecauseofimproper④placement.Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.Still，theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules，suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis，buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.8．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthepatch?A．Tohelppatientsovercomethefearofneedles.B．Toenablekidstoswallowtabletssmoothly.C．Toofferabetterwayofdrugdelivery.D．Toguaranteetheefficiencyoforalpills.9．Whatdoestheresearchondogsprove?A．Itistechnologicallypossibleto3Dprintthepatches.B．Thecheekliningofdogsissimilartothatofhumans.C．Patchesfalleasilywiththeirmouthmovement.D．Drugsareabsorbedbetterthroughpatchesthanpills.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedevice?A．Innovativeandprofitable.B．Effectiveanduser-friendly.C．Affordableandaccessible.D．Flexibleandlong-lasting.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphstress?A．Therelatedissuestobesolved.B．Theriskofusingpatchesrepeatedly.C．Thewaytoidentitylargemolecules.D．Thetroubleofimprovingthetechnology.语境猜词①bloodstream(合)＝blood＋stream②needle-free(合)＝needle-free③concentration(派)＝concentrate＋ion④placement(派)＝place＋mentD(2024·江苏南通三模)Psychologistshavelongbeenindisagreementastowhethercompetitionisalearnedora①geneticcomponentofhumanbehavior.Whateveritis，youcannotbutrecognizetheeffectcompetitionhasonacademicsandmanyotherareasofcontemporarylife.Psychologicallyspeaking，competitionhasbeenseenasan②unavoidableconsequenceofhumandrives.AccordingtoSigmundFreud，humansarebornscreamingforattentionandfulloforganicdrivesforfulfillmentinvariousareas.Initially，wecompetefortheattentionofourparents.Currentworkinanthropology(人类学)hassuggested，however，thatthisviewoftheroleofcompetitioninhumanbehaviormaybeafallacy.ThomasHobbes，oneofthegreatphilosophersoftheseventeenthcentury，isperhapsbestrememberedforhis③characterizationofthe“naturalworld”，thatis，theworldbeforetheintroductionofthewillofhumanity，asbeingunpleasantandshort.Thisopinionisstillwidelyheld，reinforcedbyCharlesDarwin’shighlyinfluentialwork，TheOriginofSpecies，whichestablishedthedoctrine(学说)ofnaturalselection.Darwin’stheoryhasevenbeensummarizedas“survivalofthefittest”—aphraseDarwinhimselfneverused—furtherhighlightingcompetition’sroleinsuccess.Asithasoftenbeenpointedout，however，thereisnothingintheconceptofnaturalselectionthatsuggeststhatcompetitionisthemostsuccessfulstrategyfor“survivalofthefittest”．DarwinsaidinTheOriginofSpeciesthatthestruggleshewasdescribingshouldbeviewedasmetaphorsandcouldn’tbeseparatedfromdependenceandcooperation.Manystudieshavebeenconductedtotesttheimportanceplacedoncompetitionratherthanothervalues，suchascooperation，andgenerallyconcludethatAmericansuniquelypraisecompetitionasnatural，unavoidable，anddesirable.In1937，the④world-renownedanthropologistMargaretMeadpublishedCooperationandCompetitionAmongPrimitivePeoples，basedonherstudiesofseveralsocietiesthatdidnotprizecompetition，and，infact，seemedattimestoplaceanegativevalueonit.OnesuchsocietywastheZuniIndiansofArizona，andthey，Meadfound，valuedcooperationfarmorethancompetition.Afterstudyingdozensofsuchcultures，Mead’sfinalconclusionwasthatcompetitivenessisaculturallycreatedaspectofhumanbehavior，andthatitspopularityinaparticularsocietyisrelativetohowthatsocietyvaluesit.12．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscommonlyseeninmanyareasofcontemporarylife?A．Theinfluenceofcompetition.B．Theoriginofhumandrive.C．Thereasonsforhumanbehaviour.D．Thedisagreementoncompetition.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“afallacy”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Afalseidea.B．Ahardnut.C．Alosingbattle.D．Amixedblessing.14．WhatcanwelearnfromDarwin’swordsinTheOriginofSpecies?A．Allspeciesdependonothersforsurvival.B．Thestrongestspeciesprovestobethefittest.C．Strugglesforsurvivalincludesupportofeachother.D．Competitionislookedonasthebestsurvivalstrategy.15．WhatconclusiondidMargaretMeadreach?A．Itischaracteristicofhumanstobecompetitive.B．Americansareuniquelyopposedtocooperation.C．CompetitionisrelativelymorepopularinWesternsocieties.D．People’sattitudetowardscompetitionisactuallyculture-bound.语境猜词①genetic(派)＝gene＋tic②unavoidable(派)＝un＋avoid＋able③characterization(派)＝character＋iz(e)＋ation④world-renowned(合)＝world＋renownedⅡ.七选五阅读(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)(2024·广东佛山二模)Researchhasshownthatmindfuleatinghaspositiveimpactsonpeople，soit’sbeneficialtoknowhowtoeatmore①mindfully.Herearesometechniquesforeatingatahealthypace.Removealldistractionswhileyoueat.1Makesureyourcellphoneisfacedownandyou’renotgoingtoberespondingtoanymessagesthatcomethrough.Takeenoughtimetofinishyourmeal.Evenwithalldistractionsremoved，veryoftenyoustillfindyourselfeatingfasterthanyoushould.2Ittakesaboutthattimeforyourbodytogetthesignaltothebrainthatyouarefull.3Youmightwonderhowtospend20wholeminuteseatingasandwich.Onewayto②slowdownistoengageyoursensesandthinkthroughallthedetailsaboutyourmeal.Askyourself:What’sonmyplate?HowhungryamItoday?Isittoosalty?Noticethesmell，thetasteandwhateverothersensesthatariseasyoueat.Limittheamountofthefoodyoumightmunch(大口吃)onmindlessly.Putasmallamountofsnackfood，likepotatochips，ina③separatebowltohelpavoidmindlessmunching.4Puttingasidesomeofthefoodcanhelpyoueatlessatahealthierpace.Actuallychew.Ifyou’rewolfingdown(狼吞虎咽)yourfood，you’reprobablynotchewingit.Andchewingisanimportantpartofdigestion.5Lookateachbitebeforeputtingitintoyourmouth，acknowledgewhatyou’reeatingandchew，chew，chew.A．Noticeallthelittledetailsaboutyourfood.B．Limityourtimeforamealwithin20minutes.C．Ithelpsbreakupthefoodssoit’seasierforabsorption.D．Watchoutforyourfoodintakeandthetimeyouspendonit.E．Whenyousitdowntoeat，spendatleast20minutesdoingso.F．Ifyouhaveawholebagofit，itischallengingtostopafterseveralbites.G．Theycanlimityourabilitytoenjoyyourfoodandnoticewhenyouarefull.语境猜词①mindfully(派)＝mind＋ful＋ly②slowdown(合)＝slow＋down③separate熟义：v.(使)分离生义(文义)：adj.语境猜词答案Ⅰ.A.①n.习俗②降低③adj.做好充分准备的④咬一口B．①adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的②adv.表面上③adj.示范性的④n．喜欢C．①n.血流②adj.无针的③n.浓度④n.放置D．①adj.遗传的；基因的②adj.不可避免的③n.特性描述④adj.世界著名的Ⅱ.①谨慎地；注意地②减速；减缓③单独的，分开的答案精析Ⅰ.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家的生日习俗。)1．A[细节理解题。根据CHINA中“Onbirthdays，itiscommontoeatlongevitynoodles(长寿面)withoutbreakingthemforgoodlucktolivealonglife.”和GHANA中“InGhana，oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast：sweetpotatoesmixedwithonions，madeintopatties，andfriedwithhardboiledeggs.”可知，中国和加纳的父母都会在孩子的生日时为他们提供一种特殊的食物。故选A。]2．A[细节理解题。根据MEXICO中“MexicansalwayssingLasMañanitastowakeupthechildontheirbirthdays.”可知，墨西哥的孩子们过生日时会收到一首祝福歌。故选A。]3．C[文章出处题。根据第一段中“Forthispost，IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions！”可知，文章应该来自网站。故选C。]语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了物理老师Erukhimova在网络上通过视频来传播物理知识，让学生们对物理感兴趣的事迹。4．C[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Outofallfieldsofscience，physicshasareputation...makeituparesometimessimplyhardtograsp.”可知，物理对于大众来说很难是由于它的概念是抽象的，难以掌握。故选C。]5．D[细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Notonlyaretheexplanationsineveryvideoeasytofollow，butErukhimova’senthusiasmiswhattrulykeepstheviewerengaged.”可知，Erukhimova的视频受欢迎是由于她的热情和生动易懂的教学方法。故选D。]6．B[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Erukhimova’suniqueteachingmethodcomesfromherhopetogetstudentsinterestedthroughdemonstrativeclasses.”及最后一段内容可知，Erukhimova希望通过她的课让学生对物理感兴趣。故选B。]7．C[推理判断题。根据第三段中“IlikewhatIteach，andItrytosharemyexcitementwiththem.”及倒数第二段中“Sincethen，shehaswonover...explainingscience.”可推知，Erukhimova对她的工作十分投入。故选C。]语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国和瑞士研究人员设计了一种用来输送药物的杯状贴片装置。8．C[推理判断题。根据第一段对针剂注射和口服药丸两种药物输送方式的缺点的描述和第二段可推知，研究人员研发这种贴片是为了提供一种更好的药物输送方式。故选C。]9．D[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Afterthreehours，theteamfoundthatdrugbloodconcentrationsindogswit