新目标七年级下册英语讲义 Unit 8

新目标七年级下册讲义Unit8Isthereapostofficenearhere?Unit8交际话题：问路和指路一、重点单词1.邮政post 2.办公室office 3.警察police4.旅馆，酒店hotel 5.餐馆restaurant 6.银行bank7.医院hospital 8.镇；市镇town 9.街道street10.路road 11.在…附近near 12.在…之间between13.在…后面behind 14.转向；翻turn 15.享受；喜爱enjoy16.花(时间，钱等)spend 17.常常often 18.容易地easily自测表：词汇类型题号三会词汇（会认、会读、会写）二会词汇（会认、会读）陌生词汇（课后需重点加强记忆）二、重要短语1.邮局postoffice 2.policestation警察局3.acrossfrom在…对面 4.在…前面infrontof5.沿着(这条街)走goalongthestreet 6.turnright/left向右/左转7.spendtime花时间 8.enjoyreading喜欢阅读9.onyourleft在你的左边三、词汇、句型讲解及拓展1.Therestaurantisonyourleft.★left这个词有三种词性，既可以做形容词、副词，还可以做名词。①．作形容词时，用来修饰名词，意思是“左边的，在左边的”。如：Thepayphoneisontheleftsideofthesupermarket.公用电话在超级市场的左边。②．作副词时，用来修饰动词，意思是“向左”。如：Godowntotheendoftheroadandthenturnleft.沿着这条路走到底再向左转。③．作名词时，意思是“左侧，左方”。如：Comeandsitonmyleft.来，坐在我的左边。【拓展】right是left的反义词，其用法和left一样。ontheleft/right(side),onone’sleft/right这些词组常用在问路和指路的句型中。例如：-Excuseme.Isthereabankintheneighborhood?-Yes,thereis.It’sdownBridgeStreetontheright.【2017沈阳中考】-CouldyoutellmethewaytotheScienceMuseum,please?-Yes,walkalongthisstreet.You’llseeit____yourleft.A.on B.in C.for D.over2.Thepayphoneisnexttothelibrary.★nextto：它是介词词组，意思是“贴近，靠近”，常用来表示方位。如：Theparkisnexttothepostoffice.公园在邮局的旁边。Hesitsnexttome.他坐在我的旁边。【拓展】nextto的同义词是beside,，意为“在（某人或某物）旁边”。如：Shesitsbesideme.=Shesitsnexttome.near也有表示在某物的附近，意为“靠近，接近”。如：Thefootballisnearthedoor.足球在门旁边。near除了作介词表示方位外，还可以作形容词，意思是“近的，不远的”，其反义词是far，意为“远的，遥远的”。如：Myhomeisverynearfrommyschool.我家离学校很近。练习：电影院在图书馆附近。Thecinemaisnexttothelibrary.3.HowcanIhelpyou?★这是一句向他人主动提出帮助的套语，此句还可以说成：HowcouldIhelpyou?或者HowmayIhelpyou?此类的套语还有：MayIhelpyou?(Could/CanIhelpyou?)Doyouneedanyhelp?WhatcanIdoforyou?IsthereanythingIcanhelp(you)with?(IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?)练习：MayIhelpyou?(同义句转换)WhatcanIdoforyou?4.Iliketospendtimethereonweekends.★句中spend是动词，意为“度过”，spend的主语必须是人。常用句式有：①．sb.spend+时间+onsth.②．sb.spend+时间+(in)doingsth.in可以省略如：Hespends30minutesonEnglisheveryday.=Hespends30minutesreadingEnglisheveryday.此句也可以与Ittakessbsometimetodosth互换，故上面的句子也可以说成：Ittakeshim30minutestoreadEnglisheveryday.练习：1.Myfatheroften_____15minutes_______newspaperseveryday.A.spend;read B.spends;reading C.spends;reads D.spends;toread2.Theboylikestospend(花费)theweekendatthepark.5.Togetthere,Iusuallywalkout.★togetthere是动词不定式表示目的，对其提问要用what…for或者why。如：TolearnEnglishwell,Ireaditeveryday.为了学好英语，我每天都读英语。练习：______keephealthy,heexerciseseverymorning.A.Tokeep B.Keep C.Keeping D.Keeps6.Ilovetowatchthemonkeysclimbingaround.★★①．lovetodosth喜欢/爱做某事，用动词不定式作宾语。如：Helovestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。②．watchsbdoingsth观察某人正在做某事如：Iwatchthemdancing.我看见他们正在跳舞。练习：Wearewatchingthedolphins______outofwater.A.tojumpB.jump C.jumping D.jumped7.It’sveryquietandIenjoyreadingthere.★①．enjoy表示“从中得到乐趣；欣赏；喜欢”，后面接动词时，动词用-ing形式，即enjoydoing…，表示“喜欢做某事；享受做某事时所带来的愉悦和乐趣”。如：Ienjoyreadingathomewhenitisraining.我喜欢下雨天呆在家里看书。Mymotherenjoyslisteningtosoftmusic.我妈妈喜欢听轻柔的音乐。②．enjoy后还可以直接接名词，enjoysth.表示“享受某物；喜欢某物”。如：Didyouenjoyyourbreakfast?你的早餐还不错吗？练习：我很享受这次去四川的旅行。IreallyenjoymytriptoSichuan.四、语法专项1.Therebe句型的用法①．构成：Therebe...句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为Therebe(is，are，was,were)+名词+地点状语。如：Therearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.Thereisapencilinmypencil-case.②．各种句式：1).否定句：在be后加上“not”，也可用“no”来表示。即：no+n.（名词）=nota\an\any+n.（名词）。注意：no+n.（可数名词单数）=nota\an+n.（可数名词单数）；no+n.（可数名词复数）如：Thereisanorangeinherbag.=Thereisn’tanorangeinherbag.=Thereisnoorangeinherbag.2).一般疑问句：be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号。如：Thereissomemoneyinherhandbag.→Isthereanymoneyinherhandbag?(疑问句和否定句中，some改为any,something改为anything.)3).特殊疑问句【注意事项】：Therebe句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。①．如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。如：Thereisabasketballinthebox.Thereisalittlemilkintheglass.②．如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”“were”。如：Therearemanybirdsinthetree.Thereweremanypeopleinthestreetyesterday.③．如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。例如：

Thereisanorangeandsomebananasinthebasket.

Therearesomebananasandanorangeinthebasket.1.【2017河北中考】______somethingwrongwithmybike.CanIuseyours?A.Itis B.Itwas C.Thereis D.Therewas2.【2017福建中考】-Leo,____nomilkoreggsinthefridge.-Oh,I’llgoandbuysomerightaway.A.itis B.thereis C.thereare D.theyare3.用适当的be动词填空：1).Thereisagirl,aboyandtwowomenintheroom.2).-Arethereanypostofficesinyourcity?-Yes,thereare.2.Where引导的特殊疑问句-Whereisthehotel?-It’sbehindthepolicestation.问句是一个由where引导的特殊疑问句，提问地点。回答时直接表明方位。关于指路的表达方式常见的有：①．Walk/Goalong/up/down…road/street沿着…路/街往前走②．Turnleft/rightatthe…crossing=Takethe…crossingontheleft/right在第...路口向左/右转③．Gocrossthebridge.走过桥④．Goonuntilyoureachthe…一直走到…⑤．It’sbetweenthe…andthe…它在…和…之间⑥．It’snextto/nearthe…它紧接着/靠近…⑦．You’llseeitinfrontofyou.你会看见它就在你前面。⑧．It’sonyourleft/righthand/side.它就在你左/右手边。⑨．It’sfarfromhere.YoucantakeNo…bus.离这儿很远。你可以乘坐…路公交车。1.【2017天津】Theworkerswillbuildanewrailroad____thetwocities.A.since B.between C.as D.during2._____rightatthefirst______.A.Take;turn B.Turn;crossing C.Cross;turn D.Turn;cross3.它离这儿不远，我可以和你一起步行。Itisn’tfarfromhere,Icanwalkwithyou.4.Thesupermarketisbetweenthebookshopandthelibrary.(改为同义句)Thebookshopandthelibraryarenexttothesupermarket.3.辨析方位短语acrossfrom…，nextto，between…and…，infrontof★①．acrossfrom…意为“在…对面”，后面接表地点的名词或代词。如：Acrossfromtheshopisahotel.商店对面是个酒店。②．nextto…意为“在…旁边”，后接表地点的名词或代词，可用closeto替换。如：Thereisabookshopnexttothepolicestation.警察局旁边有个书店。③．between…and…意为“在…和…之间”，连接两个并列成分，可以指时间，也可以指地点。如：M