2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(五)词义猜测题

强化练(五)词义猜测题解题提示：解答词义猜测题时，要着重阅读所猜单词或短语所在句以及前后句，仔细理解上下文语境，注意句子前后的逻辑关系。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·武汉市高三调研)WhenIwasakid，ifsomeonetoldmethatIwouldgrowuptobecomeapublishedauthorandfounderofayouthliteracy(读写能力)foundation,Iwouldhavelaughedandkeptwalking.EvennowwhenIseethetitleofmylatestpicturebook,MyVeryFavoriteBookintheWholeWideWorld,Ishakemyhead,notquitebelievingthatthebookhasmynameonit.Butthetruthis,thisstorycomesfrommyownpersonalexperience.Ittookmeaverylongtimetofindmypersonalreadingvoice.InValdosta,whereIgrewup,mycommunitypromotedtwopathwaystoabetterlifeforlittleboyslikeme：beinganathleteorbeinganentertainer.Iwasnodifferentthantheotherkids,soIdidwhatfeltnatural：playfootballandoverlookschool.Schoolpresentedchallengeseverydayandsodidfootballpractice,butovercomingphysicaladversity(逆境)wasontrendwithmyneighborhood’sculture.Readingbookswasnotsomuch.Fortunately,Iwenttocollege.That’swheremyreadingstrugglesreallyreared__their__ugly__head.Tripstothegrocerystorewerestressfulbecausetherewassomuchreadinginvolvedinthesimpleactofbuyingfood.Iwouldmisreadlabelsandgrabthewrongitems.Once，Ipickedupapplesaucethinkingitwasappleslices.Ididn’tnoticemymistakeuntilIgothomeandrealizedthatitwasmyinabilitytounderstandthedifferencesinthewordingonthelabelsthatcausedthemistake.IrealizedthatIneededtomakeanimportantdecision.IfIwantedtobeabetterversionofme,Ihadtobecomeastrongerreader.IjoinedabookclubandreadeveryfreemomentIhad.Myjourneywithreadingalsocreatedadesireinmetoinspireotherswhostruggledwithreading.SoIstartedanonprofit,SharetheMagicFoundation,tryingtotransformthelivesofchildrenlivinginunderservedcommunitiesthroughliteracy.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者在一个鼓励男孩们成为运动员或演员的社区长大，以至于忽视了学业。作者上了大学意识到自己的问题后，想让自己变得更好，于是开始阅读。作者不仅成了出版作家而且还成立了非营利性基金会以帮助更多人去阅读。1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisnewbook?A.It’sbeyondhisexpectations.B.It’shelpfulforyouthliteracy.C.It’sfullofhumorandwisdom.D.It’sanexactrecordofhisearlylife.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ishakemyhead，notquitebelievingthatthebookhasmynameonit”可知，作者看到自己的新书时，摇了摇头，不敢相信自己的名字被印在了书上。由此可推知，这件事情超出了作者的预期。]2.Whatwastherootreasonfortheauthor’sfailuretofindhisreadingvoice?A.Theinfluenceofhiscommunity.B.Hisdreamtobeanentertainer.C.Thechallengeshemetinstudy.D.Hispreferenceforfootball.答案A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“mycommunitypromotedtwopathwaystoabetterlifeforlittleboyslikeme...Readingbookswasnotsomuch”可知，作者所在的社区鼓励男孩们当运动员或做演员，对上学并不重视，这是作者阅读少的根源。]3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“rearedtheiruglyhead”inParagraph3mean?A.Changed. B.Concluded.C.Surfaced. D.Disappeared.答案C[词义猜测题。结合第三段中的“Iwouldmisreadlabelsandgrabthewrongitems...thatcausedthemistake”可知，作者早年忽视学业，以至于在上了大学之后，读写方面的问题显现了出来，故C项与画线短语的意义最为接近。surface“显露”。]4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Reflectiveandwarm－hearted.B.Persuasiveandabsent－minded.C.Creativeandstubborn.D.Ambitiousandcautious.答案A[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Irealizedthat...becomeastrongerreader.”可以看出，作者是一个善于反思的人；再根据最后一段中的“Istartedanonprofit...livinginunderservedcommunitiesthroughliteracy”可知，作者是一个热心的人。综合可知A项正确。](2023·成都三诊)HundredsoflittlerobotsarerollingaroundcollegesandcitiesintheUnitedStates,Britainandelsewhere.Therobots，about50centimeterstall，arebringingfoodlikepizzatohungrystudents.TheStarshiprobotswerebeingtestedinlimitednumbersbeforethepandemicstarted.Butpandemic－relatedworkershortagesandadesireforcontactlessdeliveryhaveexpandedtheiruse.“Wesawdemandforrobotusagejustgo__through__the__ceiling，”saidAlastair.HeistheheadofStarshipTechnologies,whoserobotsrecentlymadetheir2millionthdelivery.“Ithinkdemandwasalwaysthere,butitwasbroughtforwardbythepandemiceffect.”TheStarshiprobotsusecameras,sensorsandGPStomovearoundandevencrossstreetsontheirownatthespeedof8kilometersperhour.Operatorskeepwatchonseveralrobotsatatimebuttheysaytheyrarelyneedtostopthemormovethemaroundabarrier.Whenarobotarrives,peopleenteracodefromtheirphonestoopentherobotandgettheirfood.Therearesomelimitationsfornow.TheStarshiprobotshavetoberechargedregularly.Theyareslowandcannottravelfar.Theycannotleavefoodatthedoor.AndbigcitieslikeNewYorkandLondonarenotwelcomingthem.MaloneyisthevicepresidentatDomino’sPizza.HiscompanyistestingrobotsfromNuro,aCalifornia－basedcompany.TheNurorobotsareabout1.8meterstallandcantravelatatopspeedof40kilometersperhouronstreets,notsidewalks.MaloneysaidNurodeliverycostsmorethanusinghumandriversfornow.Butasthetechnologygetsmorepopular,thecostswillgodown.WitcherisatechnologyexpertwithForrester.Hesaiditiseasytogetexcitedaboutrobots.Buttheywillneedtoprovetocompaniesthattheyarebetterthanhumandeliverydrivers.Itis“therighttimeandplaceforcompaniesconsideringrobotstotestthemandlearnfromthemanddotheirownevaluation.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。Starship机器人是一款可以送外卖的机器人。这款机器人使用照相机、传感器和GPS四处移动，并可以独自穿过街道。当然，这款机器人也存在缺点。Maloney的公司正在测试Nuro生产的机器人，虽然这些机器人价格昂贵，但是Maloney对外卖机器人仍充满了期待。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gothroughtheceiling”inparagraph2mean?A.Staysteady. B.Changequickly.C.Increaserapidly. D.Declinegradually.答案C[词义猜测题。根据第二段中第二句可知，职工短缺和对非接触式配送的需求已经扩大了外卖机器人的使用。画线短语所在句对此作进一步说明，由此可知，画线短语应与expand的意义一致。A项“保持稳定”，B项“迅速改变”，C项“快速增加”，D项“逐渐减少”。故画线短语的意思与C项最为接近。]6.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshiprobots?A.Theyarepopularinlargecities.B.Theycancrossstreetsontheirown.C.Theyhardlyneedtoberecharged.D.Theytravelataspeedof18kmperhour.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheStarshiprobotsusecameras...atthespeedof8kilometersperhour”可知，Starship外卖机器人能使用照相机、传感器和GPS四处移动，并可以独自穿过街道。]7.WhatdoesMaloneythinkofNurodelivery?A.Itischeap. B.Itispromising.C.Itisn’tfastenough. D.Itisn’tworthtesting.答案B[观点态度题。根据第五段中的“MaloneysaidNurodeliverycostsmorethanusinghumandriversfornow...godown”可知，Maloney认为，从目前来看，Nuro的外卖机器人配送外卖的成本比使用人工骑手更高，但随着这项技术越来越受欢迎，成本将会下降。]8.WhichstatementwillWitcherprobablyagreewith?A.Robotsshouldbetestedandevaluated.B.Robotsshouldbeappliedinvillagessoon.C.Robotsshouldbeputintomassiveproduction.D.Robotsarelesspopularbecauseofthepandemic.答案A[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Itis‘therighttimeandplaceforcompaniesconsideringrobotstotestthemandlearnfromthemanddotheirownevaluation.’”可知，科技专家Witcher认为这是考虑使用机器人的公司测试和评估这些机器人的好时机。故A项“机器人应该被测试和评估”符合题意。](2023·石家庄高三质检)Whales，particularlybaleenandspermwhales，areamongthelargestcreaturesonEarth.Theirpresenceintheoceanshapestheecosystemsaroundthem.Thesecreaturesarealsohelpingtodeterminethetemperatureoftheplanet.Whenwhalesdie,theysinktotheoceanfloorandallthecarbonthatisstoredintheirextremelylargebodiesistransferredfromsurfacewaterstothedeepsea，whereitremainsforcenturiesormore.Scientistsfoundthatbeforeindustrialwhaling,populationsofwhaleswouldhavemade190,000to1.9milliontonnesofcarbonperyearsinktothebottomoftheocean,whichequalstaking40，000to410，000carsofftheroadeachyear.Butwhentheyarekilledandtheirbodiesarepreventedfromsinkingtotheseabed,thatcarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Butwhalesarenotonlyvaluableafterdeath.Thetidesofexcrement(排泄物)thatwhalesproducearealsosurprisinglyrelevanttotheclimate.Theiriron－richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsforphytoplankton(浮游植物).Thesecreaturesmaybemicroscopic,__but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceontheplanet’satmosphere,absorbingabout40%ofallCO2produced,fourtimestheamountabsorbedbytheAmazonrainforest.“Whalinghasremovedahugeorganiccarbonpumpfromtheoceanthatwouldhavebeenhavingamuchlargermultiplyingeffectonphytoplanktonproductivityandtheocean’sabilitytoabsorbcarbon，”saysVickiJames,policymanageratWhaleandDolphinConservation.Whatthismeansisthatrestoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre－whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolinfightingclimatechange,andhelpingtoslightlyreducethelargeamountofCO2fromfossilfuelseveryyear.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。鲸鱼对全球气候有巨大影响，它们自然死亡沉入海底可以防止它们体内储存的碳进入大气，它们的粪便可以帮助浮游植物生长从而吸收二氧化碳，因此，恢复鲸鱼种群数量对环境保护意义重大。9.Whathappenstothecarbonstoredinwhalesaftertheyarehunted?A.Itremainsintheirbodies.B.Itenterstheatmosphere.C.Itsinkstothedeepsea.D.Ittransferstosurfacewaters.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“whentheyarekilled...isreleasedintotheatmosphere”可知，当鲸鱼被捕杀之后，它们的身体不会沉入海底，它们体内储存的碳会进入大气中。]10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“microscopic”meaninParagraph3?A.Tiny. B.Destructive.C.Extinct. D.Rare.答案A[词义猜测题。分析句子结构可知，画线词是对浮游植物特征的描述，结合常识和下文中的“but，takentogether，theyhaveagreatinfluence”可知，画线词应为great“巨大的”的反义词，故A项正确。tiny“极小的，微小的”；destructive“破坏性的，毁灭性的”；extinct“已灭绝的；绝种的”；rare“稀罕的，珍贵的”。]11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Whalesaremorevaluableaftertheydie.B.Excrementofwhalesacceleratesglobalwarming.C.40%ofCO2isabsorbedbytheAmazonrainforest.D.Whalinghasanegativeinfluenceonclimatechange.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“restoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre－whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolinfightingclimatechange”可知，将鲸鱼的数量恢复到捕鲸之前的数量对应对气候变化有很重要的作用。据此可以推断，捕鲸对气候变化有消极的影响。]12.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?A.WhatWeCanDotoSaveWhalesB.HowWhalesHelpCooltheEarthC.WhatIsClimateChangeDoingtoWhalesD.WhyWhalePopulationsAreDecliningSharply答案B[标题归纳题。本文第一段讲到了鲸鱼对地球温度影响巨大；第二段讲到了它们自然死亡沉入海底可以防止它们体内储存的碳进入大气；第三段讲到了它们的粪便可以帮助浮游植物生长从而吸收二氧化碳；最后两段讲到了捕鲸对气候变化的消极影响及恢复鲸鱼数量的重要性，因此B项“鲸鱼是如何帮助地球保持清凉的”最适合作本文的标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·江苏省七市联考)At20,Iwasscaredandlonely.Mylaptopwasfilledwiththebeginningofnovels,half－finishedsonglyrics(歌词)—thingsI’dstartedwithteenage__1__onlytobedisappointedbymylackofcreativity.Iwas__2__tryingtofindanewwaytoapproachlife,withnooneto__3__meintherightdirection.OneSaturday,Iwenttoatrainingdayformyschool’snewjournalismteam.TheteachersuggestedIstartablogasagoodwaytogetinto__4__.Boredandinneedofa__5__，IimmediatelysetupaBloggeraccount.AsItypedpostafterpostinthemonthsthatfollowed,IassumedIwouldrunoutof__6__.Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsand,later,about__7__，cameeasily.Herewassomethinginterestingthatrequiredonlyalaptopandan__8__.Ilovedtheresearchthatwentintoeachpost,lovedbeingableto__9__whatinterestedmeandlovedfindingjusttherightphrasetodescribehowI__10__.IfoundsomethingIwasgoodatandmoreimportantly,somethingI__11__.IkeptpostingandslowlyIgotbetter.I__12__，editedandevenlearnedhowtoemployametaphor.Itwasn’tlonguntilmymindwasmadeup：Iwasgoingtobea(n)__13__.Sevenyearslater,Iamhavingjustcompletedafantasticplacement(实习工作)inalocalnewspaper.Ihaveneverbeenso__14__tomyyoungerselfforactuallylisteningtotheonepieceofadvicethatturnedoutto__15__most.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者想尝试一种新的生活方式，但是无人指点，一次作者听从了老师让自己写博客的建议，从而发现了自己擅长和喜欢的事，自己不再孤单和害怕，找到了人生目标。1.A.confusion B.maturityC.enthusiasm D.innocence答案C[A.confusion混乱；B.maturity成熟；C.enthusiasm热情；D.innocence清白。根据前文“At20,Iwasscared...half－finishedsonglyrics(歌词)”可知，作者20岁时，电脑里都是小说开头和写了一半的歌词，结合实际，这些都是带着年少时的热情做的事。]2.A.praised B.stuckC.tricked D.punished答案B[A.praise表扬；B.stick困(于)；C.trick欺骗；D.punish处罚。根据后文“withnooneto________meintherightdirection.”可知，作者尝试寻找一种新的生活方式，但是无人指点，所以是被困住了。]3.A.defend B.forceC.point D.join答案C[A.defend保护；B.force强迫；C.point指路，指点；D.join参加。根据前文“Iwas________tryingtofindanewwaytoapproachlife”可知，作者在尝试寻找一种新的生活方式时，被困住了，因为没人指点他。]4.A.socializing B.advertisingC.debating D.writing答案D[A.socialize交际；B.advertise登广告；C.debate讨论；D.write写作。根据后文“AsItypedpostafterpostinthemonthsthatfollowed”可知，作者开始在博客上写作，所以是进入写作的好方法。]5.A.project B.courseC.tour D.budget答案A[A.project项目；B.course课程；C.tour旅行；D.budget预算。根据前文“Iwas________tryingtofindanewwaytoapproachlife”以及“Bored”可知，作者尝试寻找一种新的生活方式，以及现在很无聊，所以是需要一个项目。]6.A.steam B.timeC.money D.luck答案A[A.steam精力，力量；B.time时间；C.money金钱；D.luck运气。根据后文“Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsand,later,about________，cameeasily.”可知，作者以为写作会让自己精疲力竭，谁知却很容易。]7.A.events B.myselfC.celebrities D.society答案B[A.event大事；B.myself我自己；C.celebrity名人；D.society社会。根据后文“lovedfindingjusttherightphrasetodescribehowI________.”可知，后来作者开始写自己的感受，所以是写他自己。]8.A.idea B.optionC.excuse D.answer答案A[A.idea想法；B.option选项；C.excuse借口；D.answer回答。根据前文“Butsomehowwritingaboutthenewsand,later,about________，cameeasily.”可知，作者觉得写博客简单，结合常识，因为只要一台电脑和一个想法就行。]9.A.transform B.rejectC.predict D.explore答案D[A.transform使改变；B.reject拒绝；C.predict预测；D.explore探索。根据前文“Ilovedtheresearchthatwentintoeachpost”以及本句结构可知，本句是排比句，空处应和research意思相近，结合选项，应是D项explore“探索”符合题意。]10.A.acted B.feltC.developed D.succeeded答案B[A.act行动；B.feel感觉；C.develop成长；D.succeed成功。根据前文“lovedbeingableto________whatinterestedmeandlovedfindingjusttherightphrasetodescribe”可知，本句是排比句，前句是在描写能够探索作者感兴趣的东西，空处和此对应，结合选项，所