2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(十一)常规选材之说明文

专题二七选五阅读强化练(十一)常规选材之说明文解题提示：高考七选五最常考的是说明文，而此类说明文大都结构明显。解题时说明文“总—分(—总)”的整体结构和段际关系对于主旨句类设空和首段过渡句的解答大有帮助。(2023·泉州高三质检)Procrastination(拖延)makespeopleliveunderconstantstress.Makingchangeswillleadtopositiveresults,likerelievingstressandincreasingthequalityofwork,familytimeandjoy.__1__Herearesomewaystobeatprocrastination.◆Acknowledgetheneedtochange.Ifyou’reamasterprocrastinator,stopmakingexcusesandacknowledgethereasonswhyprocrastinationisbad.__2__◆Identifyandunderstandyourfeelings.Youmayfeelfearfulaboutthesizeofatask,proudofyourproductivity,andanxiousaboutyourtime.__3__However,couldyoubreakahugeprojectupintomanageabletasks?Mightyouneedtosay“no”moreoftentogivethepropertimeandattentiontothemoreimportantthings?Canyousetatimelimitonyourbreak,maybe15to20minutes?◆__4__Formasterprocrastinators,theideaofworkingtooearlyonataskisstupid.Butremember：Justbecauseyoustartworkingonsomethingdoesn’tmeanyouhavetofinish.Bystarting,yougetthejuicesflowing,allowingyourselftogetmoredonethanyouanticipated.Additionally,youincreasethequalityofyourworkbecauseeverytimeyoureviseyourthing,itgetsbetter.◆Usethefive－minuterule.Ifyoufindyourselfwithsomefreetimeandyouneedtoconvinceyourselftostartworkingonadifficulttask,followthefive－minuterule.Forceyourselftoworkonataskforjustfiveminutes,withtheunderstandingthatyoucanquitafterfiveminutesifyoulike.__5__Anditwilloftenturnintomuchmorethanfiveminutes.Butevenifitdoesn’t,you’vedonethehardestthingofall：You’vegottenstarted.So,remember：Fightingprocrastinationisalife－longbattle.Butit’sawinnableone.A.Buthowto?B.Workonstuffearlier.C.Whatarethepossibleresults?D.Theseemotionsarequitenatural.E.Payspecialattentiontothequalityofyourwork.F.Thissimplementaltrickisusuallyjusttogetyoustarted.G.Otherwise,youwon’tbeconvincedthere’saneedtochange.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章为我们提供了击败拖延的四点建议：要承认作出改变的必要性，识别并理解自己的感受，更早地干活儿和利用五分钟原则。1.A[前文提到拖延使人们生活在持续的压力之下，作出改变将会有积极的效果，空后提到击败拖延的方法，由此可知空处应表达我们该如何作出改变来击败拖延呢？选项A“但怎样改变呢？”符合语境。]2.G[根据小标题“Acknowledgetheneedtochange.”可知，此部分是讲要承认作出改变的必要，结合空前面的部分可知，文章作者呼吁拖延者停止找借口并承认拖延不好，否则就不会相信有改变的必要。G项说明了不这样做的结果，符合语境。]3.D[根据此部分的小标题“Identifyandunderstandyourfeelings.”可知，此部分主要在说识别和理解你的感受。再结合常识可知，你可能会对任务的规模感到害怕、为自己的效率感到骄傲、为自己的时间感到焦虑，这些是很正常的，故选项D符合语境。]4.B[该空为段落主旨句，结合其他段落主旨句可知，此处也应用祈使句；又根据该部分的内容可知，该段是讲尽可能早点开始一件事情。]5.F[根据语境可知，此部分主要讲五分钟原则的使用：强迫你自己只花五分钟做一项任务，如果你想，你可以在五分钟后停止。根据空前和空后的内容可知，此处应说明这样做的原因，即通常只是为了让你开始行动，这样可以很好地衔接下文，故选项F符合语境。](2023·武汉高三调研)Weliveinaswitched－onworldinwhichit’salmostunthinkabletobewithoutsocialmediaforsomuchasaday.Thecolorfulimages,interestingvideos,bite－sizedinfo,easy－to－readstories,viewingotherpeople’slives...Allisdesignedtokeepusaddicted.__1__AnincreasingnumberofstudiesindicatethatsocialmediacanhaveanegativeimpactonourrelationshipsIRL(that’s“inreallife”fornon－techies).Thegoodnewsisthatyoudon’thavetogobackwardstoavoidthedangersofsocialmedia.__2__Settimelimits.TrythePomodoroTechnique.__3__Usingthismethod,youbreakyourworkdayinto25－minuteperiodsseparatedby5－minutebreaks.Useanordinarykitchentimer(togetawayfromusingyourphone)tosetlimitsandscheduleanactivitytodoafterwards.Thenwhenthetimerrings,stepawayfromyourdeviceandturnoffthosenotifications.__4__Theinfinitescroll(无限滚动),asit’stermedbydevelopers,isspecificallydesignedtokeepyouaimlesslylookingatnewsfeedsandpassivelytakingineverythingyousee.Beforeyougoonline,decidewhatyou’regoingforandsticktoit.Inthisfocusedwayyoucangostraighttowhatyouwanttoseewithoutmindlesslyscrollingforthingsthatdon’tsupportyourintentions.Avoidcomparison.__5__Thisfamoussayinghasneverbeentruerthanwhenweseeotherpeople’sseemingly“perfectlives”online.Itcanleaveusfeelingthatwe’resimplynotgoodenough.Althoughcomparingourselvestoothersisnormalhumanbehavior,rememberthatpeople’ssocialmediapagesarenotatruereflectionoftheirreallife.A.Stayfocused.B.Scrollfreely.C.Comparisonisthethiefofjoy.D.However,thereisadarkeraspect.E.Nomanishappybutbycomparison.F.Thistime－managementstrategybreaksyourtimeupintoperiods.G.Instead,youcanfreeyourselffromdependencebutstillenjoythepositiveside.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。社交媒体会给我们的生活带来负面影响，但是，我们可以利用一些方法使自己摆脱对社交媒体的依赖，仍然可以享受其带来的好处。1.D[空前讲到社交媒体会让我们上瘾，空后讲到社交媒体对我们现实生活中的人际关系有负面影响，这些均是对社交媒体的危害的描述，由此可知，D项“然而，还有更黑暗的一面。”承上启下，符合语境。]2.G[根据上文中的“Thegoodnewsisthatyoudon’thavetogobackwardstoavoidthedangersofsocialmedia.”并结合下文内容可知，空处承接上一句应该会讲到可以避免社交媒体的危害。G项“相反，你可以使自己摆脱对社交媒体的依赖，仍然可以享受其带来的好处。”符合语境。]3.F[空前一句讲到了“thePomodoroTechnique”(番茄工作法)，空后讲到的“Usingthismethod,youbreakyourworkdayinto25－minuteperiods”呼应这种方法，因此，空处应该还会讲到这种方法，且这种方法是将时间分割的方法。F项“这种时间管理策略把你的时间分成几个时间段。”符合语境。]4.A[根据本段中的“Beforeyougoonline，decidewhatyou’regoingforandsticktoit.Inthisfocusedentions.”可知，本段主要讲要明白自己上网的目的，保持专注，故A项适合作本段的小标题。]5.C[根据小标题“Avoidcomparison”并分析选项可知，答案锁定C和E项。结合下文中的描述“whenweseeotherpeople’sseemingly‘perfectlives’online.Itcanleaveusfeelingthatwe’resimplynotgoodenough”可知，攀比会剥夺我们的幸福感，故C项符合语境。](2023·湖北重点中学高三联考)I’mahiker—“borntohike”，asmyhusbandlikestojoke.Itdoesmyheartandsoulgoodtotakeapackandheadoutonatrail,especiallywhenI’maloneandcanletmymindwanderwhereitwill.Theexperienceofhikingisunique,researchsuggests,conveyingbenefitsbeyondwhatyoureceivefromtypicalexercise.Hikinginnatureisnotonlygoodforourbodies,butalsogoodforourmoods,ourminds,andourrelationships.__1__Hikingkeepsyourmindsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.__2__Butresearchsuggeststhathikingdoesn’tjustmakeyoufeelgood,itmightalsokeepyourbrainintopshape.__3__Exerciseingeneralcanbeagoodwaytodecreasestress.Butwhatsetshikingapartfromotherformsofexerciseisthathikingcanhappenalmostanywhereandgiveyouthatdoseofnatureyouneedtostayhappy.Hikingcanincreaseourcreativity.I’msureI’mnotaloneinfindingthatwalksinnatureletmymindwanderfreelyincreativedirections.__4__Studieshavefoundconnectionsbetweencreativethinkingandnatureexperiences,too.Hikinghelpsstrengthenapositiverelationshipwiththenaturalworld.Besidesbeinggoodforus,hikingmayalsohelptheworldaroundus.Afterall,ifwecanwalkandcoverlongerdistances,wecouldusecarslessandreduceourcarbonfootprint.__5__Itincreasesourconnectionwithnature.Developingapositiverelationshipwiththenaturalworldcanhelpustocareaboutitsfate,makingusmorecommittedtoconservationefforts.A.Hikinghelpstokeepyoucalmandhappy.B.Hikingandwritinghavestrongconnections.C.Beyondthat,hikingbenefitsourplanetindirectly.D.Hereiswhatscienceissayingaboutthebenefitsofhiking.E.Infact,I’vewrittenmanyofmysongswhilehikingonatrail.F.Thisallgoestoshowthathikingmaybeoneofthebestwaystomoveyourbody.G.Beingaprofessionalwriter,Isometimeshavetroubletakingthetimetohikeinthemiddleofmyworkday.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。在大自然中徒步旅行不仅对我们的身体有好处，而且对我们的情绪、思想等也有好处。本文主要介绍了徒