2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（十四）

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十四）28分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·绍兴诊断性考试)BrazilianartistNéleAzevedoisbestknownforbigpublicartpieces.Theartistcarveshundredsof20－centimeter－tallicefiguresseatedwiththeiranklescrossedandplacesthematopoutdoorstepsandputsthemincitysquaresallovertheworld,wheretheyquicklymelt.Thefacelesssculpturesdripandstreamintosmallpuddlesastimepasses.Herworkshavebeenadoptedbyenvironmentalistsasakindofactivists’artagainstclimatechange.Butisit?Yesand(mostly)no.Themassofmeltingbodiesmakesanaturalconnectionwiththethreathumankindfacesduetorisingglobaltemperatures.“Itscloselinkwiththatsubjectisevident，”saidtheartist.Inadditiontothethreatofglobalwarmingitself,thesheernumberofsculpturessittingtogetheralsocallsattentiontothefactthatwehumansareallinittogether.“Suchkindofthreatalsofinallyputsmaninhisplace,hisfateisalongwiththedestinyoftheplanet,andheisnotthe‘king’ofnature,butanessentialelementofit，”continuesAzevedoonherwebsite.“Itookeverycharacteristicoftraditionalmonumentsandmadetheopposite，”shesays.“Imadesmallfiguresthatsitonthefloor.Itdoesn’thonoranybody.Itdoeshonortheunknown.”Azevedoexplains，“Inafew－minuteaction,therulesofthemonumentareinverted：intheplaceofthehero,theunknown;intheplaceofthesolidityofthestone,themomentaryprocessoftheice;intheplaceofthemonumentsize,theminimumsizeoftheperishable(易腐烂的)bodies.”OriginallyAzevedowantedherarttogetpeoplethinkingaboutimpermanence,andthesightoficetransformingintoapuddleofwatercertainlydoesthatbrilliantly.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了巴西艺术家NéleAzevedo的冰雕作品，她的作品被环保主义者视作一种对抗气候变化的艺术。她希望通过冰变成水坑的景象，让人们思考无常。28.WhatcanwelearnaboutNéleAzevedo’sartworks?A.Theyareputinpublicplacesforartiststoappreciate.B.Theyareadoptedasawayofshowingartistictalents.C.Theyarelinkedwiththethreatofclimatechange.D.Theyareconsideredasasymbolofunity.答案C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Herworkshave...climatechange.”可知，她的作品被环保主义者视为一种对抗气候变化的激进艺术。据此可知，她的作品与气候变化的威胁有关。]29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheword“inverted”inparagraph5?A.kepttrackofB.turnedupsidedownC.laidemphasisonD.takenintoaccount答案B[词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Itookevery...madetheopposite”可知，该艺术家利用了传统纪念碑的每一个特点，并做了相反的东西。根据第五段中的“intheplaceofthehero...sizeoftheperishable(易腐烂的)bodies”可知，在有英雄的地方放无名之人；在石头坚固的地方展示冰的短暂过程；在放置纪念碑的地方放最小尺寸的易腐物体。据此可知，纪念碑规则被颠倒了，画线词inverted和turnedupsidedown意思相近。A项“记录，与……保持联系”，B项“变颠倒的”，C项“强调”，D项“考虑”。]30.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesquareshowfromthelastparagraph?A.Itispermanentbynature.B.Itlackspracticalinfluence.C.Ittakeslongtoseetheresults.D.Itconveystheartist’sexactintention.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“OriginallyAzevedo...doesthatbrilliantly.”可知，最初，Azevedo希望她的艺术作品能让人们思考无常，而冰变成水坑的景象无疑成功地做到了这一点。据此可以推知，该艺术家在广场上展示的作品传达了她的确切意图。]31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.PublicInterestinContemporaryArtB.IceFiguresTransformingintoWaterC.ResponsibilityDemandedfromActivistArtistsD.MiniSculpturesEchoingtheClimateCrisis答案B[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了巴西艺术家NéleAzevedo的冰雕作品，她希望通过自己的作品让人们思考无常，冰变成水坑的景象无疑成功地做到了这一点，因此B项“冰人变成水”点明主旨，最适合作本文标题。](2023·杭州高三联合测试)Formostofourhistory,humanshavebeenshort，astudyhasfound.Untilaround150yearsago,fewpeoplegrewtallerthan170centimeters.ChristianeSchefflerattheUniversityofPotsdamandMichaelHermanusseninAltenhofhavespentseveralyearsstudyingtheheightofpeoplefromawiderangeofpopulations.Intheirlatestpaper,theycombinedtheexistingdataofmorethan6，000prehistorichumanskeletonswithmultiplestudiesofmorerecenthistoricalpopulationsfromEuropeandtheUS.Theyalsoincludedtheirowndataon1，666present－dayschoolchildrenfromIndonesia.Intheprehistoricpopulations,themaximumheightformenwas165to170centimeters,whilewomentoppedoutat160cm.Today,meninEnglandhaveanaverageheightofaround175cm,whileforwomenitisabout162cm.Butthereissignificantvariationbetweenmoderncountries.TheIndonesianschoolchildreninthestudywereshorterthansimilarlyagedchildrenfromtheUS，despitebeingwellnourished.SchefflerandHermanussenarguethatheightcanbeasignalofdominance(统治地位),soinsocietieswhereitispossibletomoveupthroughthesocialclasses，evolutionfavorsindividualswhoreachagreaterheight.SubramanianatHarvardUniversityisn’tconvincedbythepair’sinterpretation.Histeampreviouslyshowedthatthebestpredictorofachild’sheightistheheightoftheirparents.Thissuggeststhattheinfluenceofotherfactors,suchassocialmobility,islimited.Afterassessingnearly163，000childrenlivingin55low－andmiddle－incomecountries,Subramanian’steamfoundthat42.9percenthadpoornutritionbutnosignofstunting(阻碍生长)orotherphysicalindicatorsofthisfact.Thisimpliesthereisalotofhiddenmalnutritionthatdoesn’trevealitselfthroughstunting.Aperson’snutritionalconditionshouldbeassessedbylookingattheirdietnottheirheight,saysSubramanian.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了研究发现在人类历史的大部分时候，人类的身高都不高，并探讨了影响人类身高的因素。32.HowdidSchefflerandHermanussenconducttheresearch?A.Studyingtheskeletonsofprehistorichumans.B.Combiningexistingdatawithrecentresearch.C.Assessingchildrenlivinginvariousincomeareas.D.Analyzingtheresultsofotherscientists’researches.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Intheirlatestpaper，theycombinedtheexistingdata...fromEuropeandtheUS.”可知，Scheffler和Hermanussen在研究过程中将现有数据与最新研究结合了起来。]33.What’sSubramanian’sattitudetowardstheexplanationofSchefflerandHermanussen?A.Worried. B.Cautious.C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.答案C[观点态度题。根据第六段第一句“SubramanianatHarvardUniversityisn’tconvincedbythepair’sinterpretation.”可知，Scheffler和Hermanussen的解释并不能令Subramanian信服。]34.WhatcanweinferfromSubramanian’sstudy?A.Poornutritiondelaysphysicaldevelopment.B.Abalanceddietcontributestogrowingtaller.C.Highsocialclassescanreachagreaterheight.D.Ahuman’sheighthaslittletodowithnutrition.答案D[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Subramanian’steamfoundthat...otherphysicalindicatorsofthisfact.”可以看出，Subramanian认为人的身高和营养的关系并不大。]35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesignificancethatliesinnutrition.B.Thefactorsthatinfluencehumans’height.C.Theimportancethathumansattachtoheight.D.Thereasonswhyprehistorichumanswereshort.答案B[文章大意题。本文通过一项关于人类身高的研究发现引入话题，讲到了Scheffler和Hermanussen的观点——身高是人类统治地位的标志，而另一位研究人员Subramanian通过研究发现，人类的身高与营养状况关系不大。据此可知，本文主要讲到了影响人类身高的因素，故B项“影响人类身高的因素”正确。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·南京高三上学期期末)Themajorityofpeopleareconvincedthattheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare__1__.Everyonehasimagination,butmostofusforgethowto__2__itoncewebecomeadults.Creativityisn’talways__3__withgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime__4__thinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.Makeconnections!Itinvolvestaking__5__ideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.Thinkabouttheproblemtosolveorthejobtodo.Thenfindanimage,forexample,acandle.Writedownalltheideas__6__withcandlesandconnectthe__7__withthejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginal__8__，andyoucouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight.Nolimits!Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon’t__9__.Youhaveasmuchimaginationasyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenew__10__.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,__11__，youcannowpracticeskiingeveryday.Now__12__thistoreality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecember,oreveryMondayinJanuary.Besomeoneelse.Lookatthesituationfroma__13__pointofview.Goodwritersusethistechnique.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethe__14__intheirbooks.Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheir__15__.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了三个让自己有想象力的方法，它们是：找出事物之间的联系；想象限制不存在；换位思考。1.A.mistaken B.accurateC.reasonable D.incredible答案A[mistaken错误的；accurate精准的；reasonable合理的；incredible难以置信的。根据上文的Themajorityofpeopleareconvincedthattheydon’thavemuchimagination.和下文的Everyonehasimagination可知，那些人的想法是错误的。]2.A.fitinwith B.becomeawareofC.makeuseof D.keeptrackof答案C[fitinwith适应；becomeawareof意识到；makeuseof利用；keeptrackof追踪。根据上文的Everyonehasimagination可知，此处是指人人都有想象力，只是长大了就忘了怎么使用了。]3.A.equipped B.comparedC.occupied D.concerned答案D[equip配备；compare比较；occupy占据；concern与……有关。根据下文的Peopleatworkandintheirfreetime...tosolveproblems.可知，创造力其实也是我们想出具有创造力的方案来解决问题，即不仅与创造性的艺术作品有关，也和日常生活和工作有关。]4.A.routinely B.skillfullyC.apparently D.abruptly答案A[routinely通常；skillfully有技巧地；apparently明显地；abruptly突然地。根据上文的Creativityisn’talways________withgreatworksofartorideas.可知，此处用“常常”符合语境，always和routinely是近义词复现。]5.A.relevant B.unrelatedC.creative D.imaginary答案B[relevant密切相关的；unrelated无关的；creative有创造性的；imaginary想象的。根据下文的findlinksbetweenthem可知，此处是指把没有联系的事物联系在一起。]6.A.presented B.markedC.indicated D.associated答案D[present呈现；mark做标记；indicate暗示；associate联系。根据上文的Makeconnections！可知，此处是指写下和蜡烛有关的想法。]7.A.ideas B.assessmentsC.arrangements D.practices答案A[idea想法；assessment评估；arrangement安排；practice练习。根据上文的Writedownalltheideas________withcandles可知，此处用“想法”符合语境，ideas是原词复现。]8.A.item B.serviceC.present D.object答案C[item商品；service服务；present礼物；object物体。根据下文的youcouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight可知，此处是指给朋友买一个具有独创性的礼物。]9.A.exist B.occurC.operate D.change答案A[exist存在；occur发生；operate操作；change改变。根据上文的Nolimits！可知，此处用“不存在”符合语境。]10.A.tendencies B.limitationsC.possibilities D.assumptions答案C[tendency趋势；limitation限制；possibility可能性；ass