牛津译林版八年级英语知识点归纳8AUnits1-3

同学们在八年级英语学习的初期阶段，打下坚实的基础至关重要。以下是针对牛津译林版八年级上册Units1至3的知识点归纳，旨在帮助大家系统梳理所学内容，巩固重点，攻克难点，提升语言运用能力。Unit1Friends本单元围绕“朋友”这一主题展开，核心在于学习如何描述人物的外貌特征与个性品质，并涉及形容词的比较级和最高级用法。一、核心词汇与短语1.描述人物外貌与性格的形容词：*tall,short,slim,strong,fat,thin,handsome,beautiful,pretty,good-looking,kind,friendly,helpful,polite,honest,generous,humorous,hard-working,lazy,clever,smart,stupid,foolish,cheerful,sad,quiet,outgoing,shy*（注：需掌握这些形容词的基本含义，并能灵活运用。）2.重要短语：*bewillingtodosth.乐意做某事*sharesth.withsb.与某人分享某物*giveone'sseattosb.给某人让座*helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事*haveagoodsenseofhumour有很好的幽默感*makesb.laugh使某人大笑*as...as...和……一样……*notas/so...as...不如……，不像……那样……*inneed需要帮助的*atruefriend一个真正的朋友*telllies说谎*keepsecrets保守秘密*careabout关心，在乎二、重点句型与语法1.形容词的比较级和最高级：*规则变化：*单音节词和部分双音节词：直接加-er(比较级)/-est(最高级)。如：tall-taller-tallest,short-shorter-shortest。*以不发音的e结尾的词：加-r/-st。如：nice-nicer-nicest,large-larger-largest。*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词：变y为i，再加-er/-est。如：happy-happier-happiest,easy-easier-easiest。*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词：双写末尾辅音字母，再加-er/-est。如：slim-slimmer-slimmest,big-bigger-biggest。*部分双音节词和多音节词：在词前加more/most。如：beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful,interesting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting。*不规则变化：*good/well-better-best*bad/ill-worse-worst*many/much-more-most*little-less-least*far-farther/further-farthest/furthest*常用句型：*A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.(A比B更……)*A+be+the+形容词最高级+(名词)+in/of...(A是……中最……的)*Who/Which+be+形容词比较级,AorB?(A和B谁/哪个更……？)*Who/Which+be+the+形容词最高级,A,BorC?(A,B和C谁/哪个最……？)*Thisstoryisasinterestingasthatone.(as+原级+as...和……一样……)*Heisnotsotallashisfather.(notso/as+原级+as...不如……那样……)2.副词修饰形容词：*very,so,quite,too等副词可以修饰形容词原级。如：verytall,sokind,quiteinteresting,toodifficult。三、话题相关表达*描述朋友的品质：Sheisveryhelpful.WhenIhaveproblems,shealwayshelpsme.*比较不同的人：TomistallerthanJim,butJimisstrongerthanTom.*表达观点：Ithinkagoodfriendshouldbehonest.Unit2SchoolLife本单元聚焦“学校生活”，通过比较不同学校的生活，进一步巩固比较级的用法，并学习如何谈论学校的各种活动和课程。一、核心词汇与短语1.学校设施与课程：2.学校活动与日常：*assembly,lesson,class,break,lunchtime,after-schoolactivities,homework,exam,test,club,activity,spend(time),borrow,lend,read,write,discuss,chat,play,exercise3.重要短语：*secondaryschool中学*learnabout学习关于……*from...to...从……到……*haveassembly开晨会*havelessons上课*after-schoolactivities课外活动*playfootball/basketball踢足球/打篮球*onWednesday在星期三*twiceaweek一周两次*onceamonth一个月一次*inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上*finishschool放学*getup起床*havebreakfast/lunch/dinner吃早/午/晚饭*spend...onsth./(in)doingsth.花费……在某事上/做某事*borrow...from...从……借……*lend...to...把……借给……*ofcourse当然*inclass在课上*allkindsof各种各样的二、重点句型与语法1.形容词、副词比较级的进一步运用：*Ourschoolisbiggerthantheirs.(名词性物主代词的使用)*HerunsfasterthanI(do)./Herunsfasterthanme.*Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.*Whichsubjectismoredifficult,MathsorPhysics?2.数量的比较：*Wehavemorestudentsthanthem.*Theyhavefewerclassroomsthanwedo.(fewer修饰可数名词复数)*Ihavelessfreetimethanbefore.(less修饰不可数名词)*MilliehasmorebooksthanAmy.3.频度副词：*always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never。它们通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。*Ioftenplaybasketballafterschool.*Sheisalwayslateforclass.4.“Howoften...”句型：*用于询问动作发生的频率。*Howoftendoyougotothelibrary?-Onceaweek.三、话题相关表达*谈论课程喜好：IlikeEnglishbestbecauseit'sinteresting./MyfavouritesubjectisHistory.*比较学校生活：AmericanstudentshavemorefreetimethanChinesestudents.*描述日常活动：Iusuallygetupatsixthirtyandhavebreakfastatseven.Unit3ADayOut本单元以“一日游”为话题，学习如何描述过去发生的事情，核心语法是一般过去时的运用，同时也会涉及一些出行相关的词汇和表达。一、核心词汇与短语1.出行与活动：2.地点与景物：3.交通工具：4.重要短语：*goonatrip去旅行*adayout一日游*planadayout计划一次一日游*getto到达*bybus/bike/plane乘公共汽车/自行车/飞机*onfoot步行*haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself玩得开心*takephotos(of...)(给……)拍照*thePalaceMuseum故宫博物院*Tian'anmenSquare天安门广场*theGreatWall长城*placesofinterest名胜古迹*goback回去*tiredbuthappy累并快乐着*atthebeginning在开始的时候*intheend最后*bytheway顺便问一下二、重点句型与语法1.一般过去时：*定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。*谓语动词形式：*规则动词：在词尾加-ed。如：work-worked,play-played,visit-visited。*清辅音后读/t/：worked,helped。*浊辅音和元音后读/d/：played,listened。*/t//d/音后读/ɪd/：wanted,needed。*常用时间状语：*yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/month/year,ago(threedaysago),in2020,justnow等。*句型结构：*肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。*Iwenttotheparkyesterday.*Theywereveryhappy.*否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。(be动词的否定式：wasn't/weren't)*Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterday.*Shewasn'tathomelastnight.*一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？(be动词提前：Was/Were+主语+其他？)*Didyouseehimyesterday?-Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.*Weretheyinthelibraryjustnow?-Yes,theywere./No,theyweren't.*特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？(疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？)*WheredidyougolastSunday?*Howwasyourtrip?2.动词不定式作目的状语：*WewenttotheGreatWalltoseethebeautifulviews.(我们去长城是为了看美景。)*Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.3.“Itis+adj.+todosth.”句型：*ItwasexcitingtoseethemodelEiffelTower.(看到埃菲尔铁塔模型很令人兴奋。)三、话题相关表达*描述过去的活动：LastSunday,IwenttoNanjingwithmyp