湖南长沙市一中广雅中学2025-2026学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题（含答案）

湖南长沙市一中广雅中学2025-2026学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题一、阅读理解ASeveralofOntario’sheritagesitesandmuseumsofferuniquewaystoexperienceYuletidetraditionsofthepastwithsomemoderntouches.GetintothefestivespiritwithfunholidayactivitiesthisseasoninOntario.Niagara-on-the-LakeRotaryHolidayHouseTourThegeneraltouroffersaself-guidedexplorationofsevenbeautifullydecoratedhistoricalandmodernhomes.Guestscanenjoytastingsfromthreeselectedwineries,inadditiontodiscountsonspeciallunches.Thistourshowcasesbeautifullydecoratedhomesandfeatureslivemusicanddelightfulwines.Purchaseticketsonlineonly.When:December5,6or7,2026Where:Niagara-on-the-LakeHolidayHouseTour:varioushomesinNiagara-on-the-LakeMcArthurEstate:210JohnStreetEast,Niagara-on-the-LakeFestiveNightsatTheVillageatBlackCreekExperienceawelcomechangefrommodernscreensanddevicesatTheVillageatBlackCreek.Enjoyliveentertainmentwhilesamplingtraditionalholidaytreats,suchasroastedchestnutsandgingerbreadcookies.Listentoawinter’staleandlearnacountrydance.Ticketsgofast,sodon’tmissthisexperience.When:December6,13and20,2026from6:00p.m.to9:00p.m.Where:1000MurrayRossParkway,TorontoMerryMakers:Children’sWorkshopatTheBrownHomesteadFunactivitiesareinstoreforfamilieswithyoungkidsatTheBrownHomestead.HeadtotheDiningRoomforlessonsaboutstencilart,walnutshellornamentsandotherhistoricalholidaycraftsfromthe1800s.Whilethiseventisfree,donationsarewelcome.Registrationisrequiredasspaceislimited.When:Staytunedfor2026detailsWhere:1317PelhamRoad,St.CatharinesMagicofLightsinOttawaFollowthedrive-throughrouteinWesleyCloverParksjustwestofdowntownOttawatoafestivewonderlandfeaturingthousandsofcharminglights,holidayscenesandcharacters.Ticketsarepricedpervehicle.When:November21,2026—January3,2027Where:411CorkstownRoad,Ottawa1.Wherecanvisitorsenjoywinetastings?A．Niagara-on-the-Lake.B．TheVillageatBlackCreek.C．TheBrownHomestead.D．WesleyCloverParks.2.Whicheventrequiresregistration?A．Niagara-on-the-LakeRotaryHolidayHouseTour.B．FestiveNightsatTheVillageatBlackCreek.C．MerryMakers:Children’sWorkshopattheBrownHomestead.D．MagicofLightsinOttawa.3.WhatisspecialaboutMagicofLights?A．Itoffershistoricalcraftslessons.B．Itfeatureslivemusicanddancing.C．Itprovidesholidayhousetours.D．Ithighlightsadrive-throughlightdisplay.BResearcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.“That’swhat’ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,”shesaid.“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal’scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:“Climbonme.”Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether.“Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outthere.thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat’snotuniquetohumans,”saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”4.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?A．Memorizingspecificwords.B．Understandingcomplexinformation.C．Usingvoicestocommunicate.D．Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.5.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A．Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B．Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C．Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D．Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance.D．Connection.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB．ChimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskillsC．Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD．Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslatedCWithnaturalresourcesrunningout,theproblemscausedbyourthrowawayculturearegainingattention.Peopleareincreasinglyawareofitslong-termeffectsontheenvironment.Inresponse,amovetowardswhat’sknownasacirculareconomyisincreasinglyseenasasensibleandnecessarysolution.Generatingenergyfromwaste,whetherthat’selectricityorheat,isalogicalpartofthismovetowardscircularthinking.Thereareanumberofwaystogenerateenergyfromwaste.Firstup,combustion.Thisisaprocessinwhichburningwasteproducesheattodriveamachinethatgenerateselectricity.Whetheranyapproachtogeneratingenergyfromwastecanbeconsideredsustainabledependsonthenetcalorificvalue(NCV)ofthewastegoingintotheprocess.Whenitcomestoburningwaste,thatfiguremustreach7MJ/kg,whichmeansmaterialslikepaperandplasticsarebestsuitedforgeneratingenergythroughcombustion.Ofcourse,combustionproducesemissions(排放物)butthisisbalancedoutbythefactthatfossilfuels(化石燃料)don’tneedtobeburned.Pyrolysisdiffersfromcombustionbecauseitbreaksdownsolidwasteathightemperaturesbutwithoutoxygenorinaninactivegasenvironment.Thisallowstheprocesstouselowertemperaturesandproducefewerairpollutantscomparedtocombustion.It’sworthnoting,however,thatFriendsoftheEarthdoesn’tconsidertheenergygeneratedthroughpyrolysisastrulyrenewableduetothefactthattheprocessreleasesCO2frombothfossilfueloriginsaswellasbiologicalmaterials.Anaerobicdigestioncanbeusedtogenerateenergyfromorganicwastelikefoodandanimalproducts.Inanoxygen-freetank,thismaterialisbrokendowntobiogas.It’sanapproachwithbigpotential.Ifwetreated5.5milliontonsoffoodwastethisway,we’dgenerateenoughenergytoservearound164,000householdswhilesavingbetween0.22and0.35milliontonsofCO2,incomparisontocomposting(堆肥).Collectingthebiogasproducedbybiodegradingmaterialsonlandfillsitesisanotherwayofgettingusefulenergyfromwaste.Althoughit’sanapproachthat’sindeclineduetothereductionoftheamountoforganicmattergoingtolandfill,it’smakinganotablecontributiontoUKenergysupply:thesourceof3.04TWhofgreenelectricityinthelastyear,infact.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Byhighlightingaconcern.B．Bydescribingaprocess.C．Byanalyzingopinions.D．Byofferingadefinition.9.Whyispapersuitableforcombustion?A．Itbreaksdownquickly.B．Itproducesfewharmfulgases.C．Itreachesmorethan7MJ/kgonNCV.D．Itgeneratesmoreelectricitythanheat.10.WhatisFriendsoftheEarth’sattitudetowardspyrolysis?A．Positive.B．Undecided.C．Objective.D．Disapproving.11.Whatcanbelearnedaboutanaerobicdigestion?A．Ithappensinanactivegasenvironment.B．Ithaswonmuchgovernmentalsupport.C．Itisindeclineduetoreducedorganicwaste.D．Itoffersbothenvironmentalandenergybenefits.DWe’veallheardthatostriches(鸵鸟)burytheirheadsinthesandwhendangerapproaches.Whileuntruefortheostriches,itmirrorsacommonhumanbehaviorcalled“informationavoidance”—theactivechoicetoturnawayfromthefreelyavailableinformationhighlyrelevanttoourselves.Butwhydowechangefromnaturallycuriouschildrenintoselectiveinformationavoiders?A2025studytitled“BecominganOstrich”exploredthis.Researchershadchildrenaged5to10playagamewhereresearchersdesignedtwocandydistributionschemes(方案):equalsharesforeach,oronelargeshareandonesmallshare.Mostchildrenchosethelatterandclaimedthelargeshare.Then,researchersaskedwhethertheywouldliketoknowhowmanycandieswereleftfortheirpartner.Theresultwasinteresting.Youngerchildrenshowedstrongcuriosity,activelyseekingtheirpartner’sinformation.Theolderchildren,however,increasinglychosetoavoidit.Researchersexplainedaschildrengrowolder,theybecomemoreconcernedwithfeelingatease—eveniftheiractionsmightnotbemoral.Byavoidingtheirpartner’sinformation,theytendtokeepasenseoffairness,oratleastappearingfair.Thisstrategymakesiteasiertoactinsatisfyingpersonalinterestswithoutfeelingguilty.Theynotethatadultsroutinelyemploythesameapproachinvariousreal-lifesituations.Yetavoidancehaslong-termcosts.Skippinghealthscreeningsmayeaseanxietynow,butcanriskserioushealthissueslater.Avoidingtoughconversationsmaypreventshorttermconflict,butwilllikelytrappeopleinunsatisfyingrelationships.“Byrepeatedlyavoidingopposingviews,”researcherswarn,“webuildavoidancehabitsthatcanhardenintorigidthinkingpatternsovertime.”It’snowonderresearchersrefertothisasafundamentalhumancontradiction:westartoutinlifeascuriousexplorers,eageraspossibletoabsorbwhateverknowledgewecan.Yet,somewherealongtheway,welearntostickourheadsinthesandlikeanostrich.Thiscomfortableescape,nevertheless,canshapeourchoicesanddeterminehowourlivesunfold.Recognizingthisisthefirststeptowardreclaimingthecourageouscuriositythatdefinesourearliestyears.12.Howdoestheauthorintroduce“informationavoidance”inParagraph1?A．Byusingametaphor.B．Byofferingstatistics.C．Byshowinganargument.D．Bygivinganexample.13.Whydidtheolderchildrenavoidtheirpartner’sinformation?A．Tomaintainaniceself-image.B．Tosafeguardothers’interests.C．Tosustaintheirsenseofguilt.D．Toobeytherulesofthegame.14.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theconsequencesofavoidanceactions.B．Thewaysofformingthinkingpatterns.C．Thereasonsofignoringopposingviews.D．Thehealthcostsofouravoidancehabits.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleofthetext?A．Doesavoidancebringtruehappiness?B．Shouldweburyourheadslikeanostrich?C．Canweshapeourchildhoodcuriosity?D．Isavoidanceapathtogreatercuriosity?七选五Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.___16___Itturnsout,it’sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.___17___Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:___18___Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-calledaserpentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.___19___Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.___20___Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.二、完形填空Weallexperiencetoughdays.Butwhenyou’reaparent,thosebaddaysareoftenclosely___21___bycuriouskids.Thiscanaddextra___22___toalreadystressfulmoments,ofcourse,butit’sclearthatTaschiaTarteris___23___thingswell.Oneday,shedecidedto___24___herkidinpreparingameal.Naturally,the2-year-oldcouldn’tdomuch,butMomwas___25___toassist.Unfortunately,thathelpdidn’tgoaccordingtoplan.Atsomepoint,thekidwas___26___topouraspoonfulofingredientintoabag.Momtriedtoguideher,butthelittleoneendeduptakingover.___27___,muchoftheingredientwaspouredoutsideofthebag,creatingabitof___28___.Thismom’sface___29___,understandablyupsetbythismomenthappeningonanalreadyroughday.Butbeforeshecouldreact,herdaughtershowed___30___beyondheryears.“It’sokay!Sometimeswemakeamess,Mom.It’sokay,”thesweetlittlegirlsaidcheerfully,___31___thatshewouldmakemessessometimes“whenIwasababy.”Whilemakingamessisfrustrating,particularlyonroughdays,thislittlegirlis___32___.Makingamessdoesn’thavetobethe___33___oftheworld.ThissimplemessagemeanttheworldtoMomandhelpedherseethings___34___.Additionally,thekid’sresponseisa___35___ofthewayherparentscommunicatewithher.21.A．recalledB．ruinedC．followedD．observed22.A．conflictB．pressureC．dangerD．attention23.A．sortingB．overcomingC．analyzingD．handling24.A．involveB．trainC．entertainD．surprise25.A．hesitantB．anxiousC．pleasedD．relieved26.A．taskedB．forcedC．bannedD．warned27.A．NeverthelessB．MeanwhileC．MoreoverD．Consequently28.A．confusionB．messC．silenceD．shock29.A．paledB．clearedC．fellD．brightened30.A．honestyB．wisdomC．sympathyD．humor31.A．notingB．denyingC．suggestingD．forgetting32.A．carelessB．gentleC．ashamedD．right33.A．challengeB．endC．partD．edge34.A．inanewlightB．undercontrolC．withconfidenceD．behindthescenes35.A．rewardB．beliefC．reflectionD．symbol三、语法填空Sometimeswehaveafightwithafriend.Manytimes,youfindthatyouevenforget___36___thefightwasabout.Youjustseemtobe___37___(anger),andthenstop___38___(talk)toeachother.Timegoesbyandyourealizethatyoumiss___39___friendship,andwishyoucouldtalktoyourfriendagain.And___40___(probable)yourfriendfeelsthesamewayasyoudo.Sohowcanyougetoutofthefightwithout___41___(hurt)yourfeelings?Leavetheargumentalone,andavoidcommunication.Ifyoutalkrightafterfight,youwillsaymany___42___(word)outofanger.However,donotwaittoolong.Itwillbecomehard___43___(make)uptherelationshipaftertoolongwaiting.Soafterthefightcalmsdown,makesureyoutalktothepersonbeforeitistoolate.Saysorryifyou___44___(be)toblame(负有责任)forthefight.Maybeitisyourfriend’sfault(过错)andyouhavedonenothingwrong.Inthatcase,waituntilhesaysheissorry!Andifhedoesn’t,he’snotworthyourtime.Youcanspendthetime___45___otherfriends.四、书信写作46.假定你是校英文报编辑李华，外教Chris上个月答应写一篇介绍加拿大体育运动的文章。请给Chris写一封邮件，内容包括：(1)询问进展；(2)提醒交稿时间。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearChris,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes,LiHua五、书面表达（读后续写）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Twomonthsago,IwasridinghometoourfarmnearBeltrami,Minnesota,inourFordwithmymom,dad,brotherandtwosisters.WehadjustbeentoamovieattheFoxTheatreandweredressedinmildwinterclothesforthefamilyoutinginthecoldwinter.Onthewayhomemydadstoppedtohelpastrangerwhosecarhadgotstuckonthesnow-coveredrailroadtracks.Myfatherandthemancouldn’tmovethecar,somyfathertoldustogetoutandhelp.Wepushedthestranger’scarbackintotheroadsohecouldgethisautomobilerunningagain.Asweapproachedafarm,aroaring(咆哮的)wallofsnowfromthenorthwestcausedmydadtoslowthecardown.TheintensityofthesnowincreasedeverymomentuntilDadcouldnolongerdrivethecarandpulledtheblueFordovertothesideoftheroad.AboutanhourhadpassedwhentheFord’senginediedfromexhaustpipe(排气管)blockageandthetemperaturedroppedinsidethecarto-20℃.Thewindwasblowinghard,somyparentstoldustostayinthecar.Weallwerescaredtodeath.Myparentslookedateachotherandwecouldsensetheseriousnessofthesituation.Myfeetstung(刺痛)asthecoldairbitthroughmyankles,soIsatonmyfeettokeepthemwarm.Thetotaldarknessoutsidemademesad.Asthenightprogressedmymothersaidprayers,toldstories,andworkedveryhardtokeepusallawake.Mydadwasstrongbuthiscouragewastested;therewasapointwhenhestartedsinging.IhadneverheardmydadsingbuttheseriousnessinhisvoiceonlymademewonderifIwouldbefoundfrozenoralive.Somehowweallmadeitthroughourfearsanddoubtsuntilthemorning’slight.Asthesunrosemydadknewhehadtogoforhelp.注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右；（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Dadstruggledthroughthedeepsnowbeforereachingafarmhouse.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hourslater,wesawasnow-clearingtruckcomebytocleartheroad.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案一、阅读理解1.A2.C3.D4.D5.B6.A7.D8.A9.C10.D11.D12.A13.A14.A15.