上海市延安中学2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试高二英语试卷（含答案无音频无听力原文）

上海市延安中学2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试高二英语试卷一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。Fordecades,familiesreliedonletterwriterslikeJiangMingdiantostayconnectedwithrelativesabroad.At77,Jiangmaybethelastremainingwriterofqiaopi(侨批)—remittanceletters____1____(exchange)betweenChinesemigrantsoverseasandthefamiliestheyleftbehind.Oftensenttogetherwithmoneyfromabroad,thelettersonceservedasavitallifelinebetweenrelativesseparatedbymigration.Fornearlysixdecades,Jiang____2____(help)peopleputdifficultthingsintowords:askingoverseasrelativesformoney,deliveringnewsofadeath,settlingfamilygrievances,orwritingtolovedonestheyhadnotseeninyears.Requestsformoneywererarelywrittendirectly.Instead,Jiangmightphrasethemessage____3____(delicately):“I’vebeenillandbedriddenlately.”Soonafterward,aremittancemightarrive.DuringthepeakyearsofemigrationtoSoutheastAsia,entirevillagesdependedonletterwriterslikeJiangtocommunicatewithrelativesabroad.InShishi,____4____,manyresidentswereonceilliterateorsemi-literate,morethan20letter-writingstallscompeted____5____customers.Today,Jiangwritesonlyahandfulofoverseasfamilyletterseachyear.Mostmornings,hearrivesathisstallat9a.m.andpacksuparoundsunset.Sittingbeneatharetractablebeachumbrella,hearrangesthesameobjectshehascarriedfordecades:afountainpen,____6____(tear)dictionaries,stonepaperweightscollectedfromtheshore,andarustedtinboxholdingthecalligraphybrushesleftbehindbyhisfather.Jianggrewupinafamilyofeducators.Hisfather,JiangYitao,hadonceservedasamiddleschoolprincipalinTaiwanbeforebecomingaletterwriterinShishi,____7____hismotherspokefluentEnglishandmadehimpracticethelanguagealoudearlyeverymorning.____8____radiobroadcasts,cassettetapes,newspapers,anddictionaries,healsotaught____9____enoughSpanish,Vietnamese,Tagalog,German,French,andPortuguesetohandleoverseascorrespondence.Jiangstillwritesinthetraditionalverticalformat,fromrighttoleft.Ashiseyesightworsens,hesayshehasgraduallystoppedsubscribingtomostnewspapers.TheonlyonehestillreadsregularlyisCankaoxiaoxi,astate-runpaperlargelydedicatedtotranslatingforeignreportingforChinesereaders.“____10____peoplestillneedme,”Jiangsays,“Iwillcontinue.”二、选词填空Directions:Completethearticlewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachwordorphrasecanonlybeusedonce.Thereisoneextrathatyoudonotneed.A.barrierB.blendC.dedicatingD.dilemmaE.dimensionF.perceptualG.sensibleH.shapeI.translateJ.triggeredK.yieldedVirtualrealityhasprovenlesspopularthanAmericantechcompaniesoncehoped.FacebookrebrandedtoMeta,expectingeveryonetoenter“themetaverse,”butfacedmassivelosses.Apple’sVisionProalsofailedtogainsupport.ButinChina,2025wastheyearwhenexplosivegrowthinVRwas____11____—notashomeheadsets,butasinteractiveshows.These“location-basedentertainmentvirtualreality”(LBEVR)shows____12____thewayparticipantsperceiveforeignlandmarks,explorehistoricalevents,orenteranimatedmovieuniverses.Chinahasbecomethecoregrowthdriverofthisglobalmarket.Theboomstartedwith“TheLostPharaoh,”whereusersexploreancientEgyptianruinsliketheGreatPyramidofGiza.AfteropeninginParisin2022,itlaunchedinShanghaiin2023,drawinghugecrowdsandaccountingfornearlyhalfofitsglobalrevenue.Thissuccessstartedacraze.InternationalprojectsnowallowvisitstoParis’Notre-DameorSpain’sPradoMuseum.Domesticinstitutionsarealso____13____resourcestodevelopingtheirownexperiences.Over200domesticVRexperienceshaverolledoutnationwide.Ticketsaretypicallyaround100yuan,andshowslast30to45minutes.Themes____14____Chineseculturalheritage,liketheQinandTangdynasties,withnaturalhistoryandsci-fi.AninteractiveVRversionoftheanimatedmovie“ChangAn”letsparticipantstaketheroleofTang-erastudents,takingimperialexamsandfightingonbattlefields.Thehitmovie“Nobody”alsohasaVRversionwhereparticipantsfightalongsidethecharacters.“TheRecluseDongpo,”developedwiththeShanghaiLibrary,letsusersfollowthepoetSuShithroughhiscareerandexile.However,theoverallqualityofVRexperiencesinChinahasnotyet____15____experiencesofparticularlyhighstandards.Showsareoftensimilarinsubjectmatterandnarrativedesign,mostlyfollowingtheframeworkof“TheLostPharaoh.”The____16____qualityisalsolimited,actingasa(n)____17____asmanyproductionslackadvancedinteraction.Developersoftenstruggletotacklethe____18____ofthinkingoutsidetheirboxes,oftentreatingVRasanextensionofmovies,games,orexhibitionsratherthanindependentcreationswithanew____19____.Theboomshowsnosignsofslowing.Investorsandproducersshouldnotsolelyconsiderrevenue,butrecognizethatonlyhigh-qualityworkswillstandthetestoftime.Byfocusingoncontentanduseremotions,wecancreatedigitalexperiencesthat____20____intogenuineemotions.三、完形填空Short-formvideoshavebecomeoneofthedominantwaysyoungpeopleinteractwithsocialmedia.Theseareclipslastingsecondsuptoafewminutes,poweredbypersonalizedalgorithmsthataredeeplyimmersiveandprecisely____21____tousers’interests,withendlessautoplayandinfinitescrollprovidingnostoppingcues.TheseclipsarestandardinplatformslikeTikTok,andaredesignedtokeepattentionlockedin.Thisdesignmattersbecauseitencouragesrepeated,oftenautomatic____22____.Usersdon’tneedtodecidewhattowatchnext,astheplatformdecidesforthem.Overtime,thismayshapehowattention,mood,andmotivationare____23____,especiallyinchildrenandadolescentswhosebrainsarestilldeveloping.Asconcerngrowsaboutthementalhealthimpactsofsocialmedia,researchershaveincreasinglyturnedtheirattentiontoshort-formvideo.Arecentsystematicreviewandmeta-analysisbyNguyenandcolleaguespulledtogether70studiesto____24____howthistypeofcontentuseislinkedtomentalhealth,cognition,andwell-being.Ratherthanfocusingona(n)____25____study,meta-analysespoolresultsacrossmanystudiestobetterunderstandoveralleffectsandwhoisatgreatestrisk.Acrossthestudiesincludedinthereview,higherlevelsofshort-formvideousewere____26____associatedwithpoorermentalhealthoutcomes,particularlyamongadolescentsandyoungadults.Importantly,theseassociationswerestrongestwhenusewasfrequent,emotionally____27____orfeltdifficulttocontrol.These____28____reflecthowandwhyyoungpeopleinteractwiththeseplatforms,notsimplyhowlongtheyusethem.Beyondmentalhealth,thisreviewalsoexaminedhowshort-formvideouserelatestocognitivefunctioning,includingexecutivefunctioningabilitiesthatare____29____forsuccessinschoolandwork.Acrossstudies,aconsistentpatternemerged,particularlyinyoungpeople:heavierandmorecompulsiveshort-formvideousewaslinkedtopoorercognitiveoutcomes.Thefast-paced,highly____30____,andrepetitivenatureofshort-formvideomay____31____theabilitytofocusonslower,effortfultasksandplaceadditionalstrainondevelopingcognitivesystems.Theresultssuggestthatshort-formvideoplatforms____32____youthmentalhealthandcognitionduringadolescence,aparticularly____33____periodindevelopment.Theresultshighlightthedangerofthesevideosandhighlighttheneedto____34____theplatforms’designsandalgorithmstoprotectyouthwell-beingandcognition,aswellasundertakemeasurestolimituseand____35____.Severalcountries,suchasAustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom,haveimposedbansonsocialmediaforteensunder16yearsofage,withothercountriesconsideringthesamemeasures.21.A．tunedB．tailoredC．limitedD．reflected22.A．engagementB．maintenanceC．displayD．refreshment23.A．carvedB．extractedC．regulatedD．influenced24.A．examineB．convinceC．representD．explore25.A．randomB．existentC．originalD．single26.A．consistentlyB．unceasinglyC．inevitablyD．permanently27.A．drainedB．drivenC．relievedD．controlled28.A．illusionsB．resultsC．featuresD．patterns29.A．sensitiveB．dedicatedC．criticalD．optional30.A．challengingB．stimulatingC．entertainingD．demanding31.A．depriveB．helpC．hinderD．delay32.A．benefitB．restoreC．threatenD．ignore33.A．sensibleB．primitiveC．stableD．vulnerable34.A．reformB．transformC．shiftD．maintain35.A．accessB．barrierC．exhibitD．exposure四、阅读理解AUPTHESTAIRSInfourthgrade,Ispentasummerlivingwithmygrandparents.Granddadwouldoftenreclineinbed,hisrightlegcocked,andregalemewithstorieslikeanagingsonofthemanor.Whenhewasaboutthirteen,hefledfamineinShandongandcametoLiaoningProvince.Ashopownernoticedhisphysiqueandaskedhimtoliftahundred-poundbagofrice.“Imanagedtogetitovermyhead.Myheartfeltreadytojumpoutofmymouth.”Themanhiredhimasalackeyathisgrainstore.NotonlycouldGranddadfinallyeathisfill;healsoquicklylearnedhowtouseanabacus,handlesales,keepaccounts,andeventakecareoftheshopowner’schildren.WhenthePeople’sLiberationArmyreachedShenyang,theshopwasturnedintoapeople’sgranary,andGrandadwasputinchargeoftheowner.“Hewasdeadwithinafewyears.Igavehiswifetwomonthsofmywages.Ineversawthefamilyagain.”Granddadspenthisfirstyearofretirementgardening.Thefollowingyear,attheageofsixty-one,hehadaheartattack.Therewerenowarningsigns.Hedidn’tdrink,andrarelysmoked.Mymotherfoundhimstuckfulloftubesatthehospital.Thedoctorsaidthathisarterieswereclogged,andheneededsurgery;hehadaone-in-tenchanceofsurviving.Theoperationwasasuccess.Heemergedfromthehospitallookingmoreorlessthesameaswhenheenteredit.Thedoctorsaidthathe’dhavetoquitsmoking,andtotakeextracaredoingtwothings:usingasquattoiletandgoingupthestairs.TheafternoonIfinishedmyfinalexamsinjuniorhigh,inthesummerof1999,mymotherknockedonmybedroomdoor.“YourGranddaddiedlastweek.Ididn’twanttodistractyoufromyourexams.Hehadanotherheartattack.”Ithadbeenexactlytenyearssincehisfirstone.“Myheartisbreaking.”Granddadhadapparentlytakenthebusquiteadistanceandwalkedveryfarthatday,toreachacertainapartmentbuilding.Mymothersaidnooneinourfamilyknewofthisplace,norhadweeverheardGranddadmentionit.Ontheeighthfloorofthisbuildinglivedawomanwhowasalsoinherseventies.Theelevatorwasbroken.Stepbystep,Granddadclimbedupsevenflightsofstairsandknockedonherdoor.Accordingtotheinvestigationthatfollowed,thewomanwasshocked.ShesaidithadbeendecadessincesheandGranddadhadseeneachother,butsheknewwhohewasrightaway.Hesmiled,andlookedlikehewasabouttospeak,butbeforehecouldgetthefirstwordouthecrashedtoherliving-roomfloor,andafewsecondslaterstoppedbreathing.Thewomanwastheonlywitness.36.Whatcausedtheshopownertohiretheauthor’sgranddad?A．Hisabilitytouseanabacus.B．Hisexperienceinkeepingaccounts.C．Hisstrengthtoliftaheavybagofrice.D．Hisskillintakingcareofchildren.37.WhatdidthedoctorwarnGranddadtobeespeciallycarefulaboutafterhisfirstheartattack?A．Usingasquattoiletandclimbingstairs.B．Smokinganddrinking.C．Liftingheavyobjectsandrunning.D．Gardeningandwalkinglongdistances.38.WhatcanbeinferredaboutGranddadfromhisfinalclimbtotheeighthfloor?A．Hewantedtochallengehisphysicallimits.B．Hewasdeterminedtoseethatwomandespitehisweakheart.C．Hedidn’trememberthedoctor’sadvice.D．Hewenttheretoaskforhelp.39.Basedonthedetailsprovidedinthepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesGranddad’scharacter?A．Emotionalandcareless.B．Strong-mindedandloyal.C．Quietandfatigued.D．Nostalgicandwise.BSucceedAgainwithaUniversityofMarylandGlobalCampusOnlineProgramUniversityofMarylandGlobalCampus(UMGC)wasfoundedspecificallytoservethehighereducationneedsofworkingadultsandservicemembers.UMGC’sonlineclassesofferyoutheflexibilityandconveniencetodemonstrateandmasterskillsatyourownpace,onyourowntime,whileenablingyoutomakethepersonalconnectionsthatcreatearewardingandenjoyablelearningexperience.ReadytoGetStarted?UMGCmakesiteasytoapplyonline,workwithanadmissionsadvisor,explorefinancialaidoptions,andregisterforclasses.TakethenextstepinachievingyourgoalsbyapplyingtoUMGCtoday.PleaseNote:Studentswhohaveprovidedalternativedocumentationsuchasmilitarydocuments,thirtytransferablecreditsorHSattestationforadmissibilitymayberequiredtoprovideofficialhighschooltranscriptsorotherdocumentationtodetermineeligibilityforTitleIVfinancialaid.ForRegularApplicants:Acopyofyourtranscript(s)todocumentyourprioreducationexperience,includingdegreesheld,datesofattendance,andpreviouslyearnedcreditsthatmighttransferintoUMGC.ForMilitaryAffiliatedandVeteranApplicants:Documentsshowingyourestimatedseparationdateifyouarecurrentlyserving,yourseparationdateifyouarenolongerserving,andyourcurrentstatus(servicemember,spouse,ordependentchild,orseparated/retiredfrommilitaryservice).Ifyoudon’thavethesedocumentshandy,that’sokay!Pleasecontinuetofilloutyourapplication.Weencourageyoutoreachoutifyouhavequestionsorneedassistance.Callus:866-642-8642.FindoutUMGC’srequirementsforadmissiontotheuniversity.IfyouhaveaU.S.highschooldiplomaorGED,oryougraduatedfromaU.S.collegeoruniversity,youqualifyforundergraduateadmissionatUniversityofMarylandGlobalCampus,atthebachelor’sdegreeorundergraduatecertificatelevel.Ifyouholdabachelor’sdegreefromaregionallyaccrediteddegree-grantinguniversityorcollege,youqualifyforgraduateadmissionatthemaster’sdegreeorgraduatecertificatelevel.GetstartedatUMGCwithrollingadmissionsandflexiblesessiondates.ReadytostartthenextchapterinyoureducationjourneyandsucceedonyourtermsatUniversityofMarylandGlobalCampus?Wehavealltherules,requirements,anddatesoutlinedsothatyoucanmakeaninformeddecisionandplanyournextsuccess.40.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingapplicantsqualifiesforundergraduateadmissionatUMGC?A．Astudentwhohascompleted30transferablecreditsbutnohighschooldiploma.B．Astudentwhoholdsabachelor’sdegreefromaregionallyaccrediteduniversity.C．AstudentwhohasaU.S.highschooldiplomaorGED.D．Astudentwhoprovidesmilitarydocumentsinsteadofhighschooltranscripts.41.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutapplicantswhodonothavetheirdocumentsready?A．Theyshouldwaituntiltheyfindalldocumentsbeforeapplying.B．Theycanstillcompletetheapplicationandaskforhelpifneeded.C．Theyarerequiredtocalltheadmissionsofficeforaspecialform.D．Theymustprovideofficialhighschooltranscriptsfirst.42.WhatcanbeinferredaboutUMGC’sadmissionprocess?A．Itonlyacceptsstudentswithabachelor’sdegree.B．Ithasspecificrequirementsformilitary-affiliatedapplicants.C．Itdoesnotaccepttransfercreditsfromotherinstitutions.D．Itrequiresallapplicantstotakeanentranceexam.CAresugarsubstituteshealthierthantherealthing?Thepromiseofsugarsubstitutesissimple:foundineverythingfromyogurtstotoothpaste,theyclaimtoletpeoplegorgeonsweettreatswithoutpilingonweightandthetoothdecaycausedbysugar-lovingbacteria.Nowagrowingbodyofresearchissuggestingthatthesesubstancesmayhavesurprisinglybitterconsequences.Sugarsubstitutesareamixedsachet.Theyincludesyntheticconcoctions(suchasaspartame,saccharinandsucralose)andsubstancesderivedfromplants,includingafamilyofcarbohydratesknownassugaralcohols(suchaserythritol,maltitol,sorbitolandxylitol)andstevia.Somestrikethehumantongueashundredsoftimessweeterthansugar,soareaddedintinyamountstofoodsanddrinks.Thesesmallquantities,combinedwiththeobservationthatmanyareexcretedlargelyunchanged,haveledtotheassumptionthattheypassthroughthehumanbodywithoutaffectingmetabolism.Thingsmaynotbesosimple.Insomerandomisedcontrolledtrials(typicallylasting4-12weeks)substitutingothersweetenersforsugarsdidadmittedlyresultinlowerweightgain.Butanumberoflarge,long-termobservationalstudieshavefoundtheopposite:peoplewithhigherconsumptionofsugarsubstitutes—someofwhommaybeusingthesetoreplacesugarintheirdiets—endupputtingonmoreweightthanthosewhoconsumetheleast.Otherstudiesshowthattheyalsoendupwithhigherratesofheartproblems,diabetesandcancerthanabstainers.Provingcausalitythroughsuchobservationalstudiesisdifficult,asitwouldinvolveaccountingforallthewaysinwhichpeoplewhoeatlotsofsugarsubstitutesaredifferentfromthosewhodonot.Itcouldbe,forexample,thatsomeconsumersofthesesweetenersarepeoplewhoarealreadyathighriskfordiabetesorheartdiseaseandlookingtoeatmorehealthily.Evenwithoutasmokinggun,however,theoverallbodyofresearchwasconcerningenoughtoprompttheWorldHealthOrganisationtoissue,in2023,precautionaryadviceagainsttheuseofsugarsubstitutesasameanstocontrolweightorpreventchronicdiseases.(Theadvicedoesnotapplytopeoplewithdiabetes.)Thereareplentyofhypothesesconcerninghowsugarsubstitutescouldbecausingharm.Someofthesesubstanceshavebeenfoundtoactivatethesameharmfulgutandmetabolicsignallingmechanismsassugar,andsomestudiesinmicesuggestthattheycouldbeaffectingthefunctionofimmunecellsinvolvedinpreventingthegrowthoftumours.Emergingevidencealsosuggeststhattheycanaffecttherelativeabundanceofvariousgutbacteria,potentiallytippingthescalesinfavourofharmfulspecies.Therearelotsofopenquestionstobeansweredregardingthesafetyofsugarsubstitutes,saysHerbertTilgfromtheMedicalUniversityofInnsbruck,inAustria,butthesestudiesareraisingthelevelofconcern.43.Whatdoesthephrase“amixedsachet”inparagraph2mostlikelymean?A．Asmallpackagecontainingdifferentsweeteners.B．Amixtureofbothbenefitsandrisks.C．Agroupofsubstanceswithvariousoriginsandproperties.D．Acollectionofsyntheticchemicalsonly.44.Whydoestheauthormentionrandomisedcontrolledtrialsandlong-termobservationalstudiesinparagraph3?A．Toprovethatsugarsubstitutesarecompletelysafe.B．Toshowthecontradictionbetweenshort-termandlong-termfindings.C．Toexplainhowsugarsubstitutesaffectgutbacteria.D．Torecommendsugarsubstitutesforweightloss.45.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheWorldHealthOrganisation’sadviceonsugarsubstitutes?A．Itisbasedonsolidproofofdirectharm.B．Itappliestoallpeople,includingdiabetics.C．Itisacautionbasedonconcerningbutnotconclusiveevidence.D．Itstronglyrecommendsusingnaturalsweetenersinstead.46.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,whatisapossiblemechanismbywhichsugarsubstitutescouldcauseharm?A．Theydirectlykillimmunecellsinthegut.B．Theychangethebalanceofgutbacteriainfavourofharmfulones.C．Theyareabsorbedintothebloodanddamagetheheart.D．Theymakepeopleeatmoresugarthanbefore.六选四AICatsandMicro-Dramas:TheHigh-StakesBattleforEyeballsIntheanimatedseries“OrangeCatTaoistPriest:FightingtheZombieKing”,atabby(斑猫)inaflowingrobebattlesapackofvicious,undeadkittens.Thesecatadventurescomeindozensoftwo-minuteepisodes,ormicro-dramas—aformofentertainmentthatcombinestraditionalTVshowswithscrollablesocial-mediaposts.____47____TheTaoistmastercathasattractedhalfamillionviews.China’sentertainmentindustryhasbeenshakenbymicro-forms.Totaltimespentwatchinglongerdramasfellby15%yearonyearinJanuary,whileviewingtimeonRedFruit,amicro-dramaappownedbyByteDance(thefirmbehindDouyin),morethandoubled.Thebusinessmodelisbasedonaggressivelycuttingcosts.Thelive-actionversionsuseamateuractorsandbare-bonessets,buttheyarebeingundercutbynewAI-animationtools.Theproliferationoftheseinthepastyearhasenabledproductioncoststobecutbyupto90%,reckonanalystsatHSBC,andleadingindustryinsiderssaythevolumeoflive-actiondramasfilmedinsomeregionshasshrunkby80%whileactors’alreadymeagrepayhasbeencutbyhalf.____48____ButtheAItypefacesheadwinds(逆风).SinceApril1st,regulatorshaverequiredthatallanimatedmicro-seriesnotalreadyapprovedforstreamingberemovedfromonlineplatforms.Newseries,theysay,mustfileforapprovalbeforebeingreleasedonline.Themodel’sotherproblemsarealsobecomingclearer.Oneisexcessivecompetition.ChinahasproducedsomanyAImicro-dramasthat,despitetheirtightbudgets,fewerandfewergetsufficientviewstomakemoney.____49____Itishardforpeopletoformsentimentalattachmentstomicro-dramacharacters;asviewers,theyarelessloyal.____50____Oneofthem,Alibaba,haslaunchedanewseasonofalong-formanimatedseriescalled“TheDemonHunter”.Ithasmorethan10mfollowers.Intheepicbattleforeyeballs,longerdramasmaystillstandachance.A．AI-animatedsoapoperasfeaturingtalkingcatsmaysoundwildbuthavebecomeabighitinChina.B．However,mostviewersstillprefertraditionallong-formdramasfortheiremotionaldepth.C．ThesuccessofAImicro-dramashasledtoasharpincreaseinadvertisingrevenueforstreamingplatforms.D．OneproducersaysthatinearlyAprilheknewonlyafewnon-AI-animatedmicro-dramasbeingshowninChina.E．Anotherproblemistheverynatureofthisentertainment.F．China’stechgiantsaretryingtoadapt.五、概要写作51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Asachild,Iwasregularlytoldoffforswingingonmychair,andfidgetingthroughstorytime.Eventually,Ilearnedtoresistthedesiretofidget.Today,Icansitstillforhourswithbarelyashuffle.Itturnsout,however,thatImayhavebeenbetter-offbefore.Letsdigabitmoreintothescience.Fidgetingisdefinedasmovingoractingimpatientlyornervously.However,JamesLevine,aprofessorofmedicineattheMayoClinic,saysitisbetterdefinedasaneurologicallyprogrammedrhythmic-movementofabodypart.Inotherwords,thefidgetfactorisanoutwardsignofanaturaldesiretomove.Whilenoevidenceshowsthatfidgetingdirectlyleadstoalongerlife,studieshaveshownfidgetingcanhelp.Forone,fidgetingmayhelpuscopewithstress.Inonestudy,volunteerswereputinastressfulsituation,asimulatedjobinterviewfollowedbyamentalarithmetic(算术)task.Researchersfoundthosewhofidgetedbydisplaying“displacementbehavior,”suchasscratching,bitingtheirlipsortouchingtheirface,foundtheexperiencel