Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures-定语从句课件 2022-2023学年人教版高中英语必修第一册

Whatisclause(从句)?clause从句“跟从”：跟在后面=句子后半段从句术语形容词从句关系从句定语从句形容词从句=关系从句=定语从句名词从句主语从句限定性从句>>状语从句名词从句定语从句副词从句主语从句状语从句同位语从句非限定性从句表语从句宾语从句限定性从句英语从句的原理英语从句的分类英语从句的原理句子成分/句型1.主语+动词2.主语+动词+宾语3.主语+动词+直接宾语+间接宾语4.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语5.主语+动词+表语修饰成分：定语、状语、同位语兔子吃了根胡萝卜。兔子主语吃了谓语动词宾语胡萝卜Therabbit

ateacarrot.“上帝视角”我看见第一人称视角句子A我看见兔子吃了根胡萝卜。句子B我看见兔子吃了根胡萝卜主语宾语谓语动词

句子➡️句子成分Isaw

thattherabbitateacarrot.Isaw

thattherabbitateacarrot.整句(句子B)句子A主句(mainclaus)从句(subordinateclaus)复合句英语的三种句子简单句SimpleSentence并列句CompoundSentence复合句ComplexSentence不能再拆不分主次主句+从句2.英语从句的分类句子成分/句型1.主语+动词2.主语+动词+宾语3.主语+动词+直接宾语+间接宾语4.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语5.主语+动词+表语修饰成分：定语、状语、同位语主语从句宾语从句宾语补语从句定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句表语从句AttributiveClause定语从句：又称形容词从句、关系从句。在复合句中修饰或限定句中某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句的思维方式定语从句的构成定语从句的限定性和非限定性定语从句的思维方式Therabbitiseatingacarrot.兔子在吃一根胡萝卜。兔子在吃一根我买来的胡萝卜。兔子在吃一根(我买来的)胡萝卜。定语兔子在吃一根我买来的胡萝卜。

兔子在吃一根我昨天在菜市场向刚从地里回来的乌龟哪儿买来的胡萝卜。定语好吃的胡萝卜我买来的胡萝卜我昨天在菜市场向刚从地里回来的乌龟哪儿买来的胡萝卜形容词/句子+的atastycarrot一根好吃的胡萝卜一根我买来的胡萝卜acarrotthatIboughtacarrot

thatIbought“补充说明、修饰限定”关系词先行词定语从句兔子在吃一根我买来的胡萝卜。兔子在吃一根胡萝卜([胡萝卜的关系词]我买。)Therabbitiseatingacarrot([that]Ibought)中英文思维不同定语从句：又称形容词从句、关系从句。在复合句中修饰或限定句中某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词。2.定语从句的构成被修饰的名词或代词(先行词)+关系词+修饰内容2.定语从句的构成TherabbitateacarrotthatIbought.主句➡️Therabbitateacarrot.从句➡️Iboughtthecarrot.thatthatIbought.Therabbitateacarrot关系词关系副词关系代词关系代词：用于代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。TherabbitateacarrotthatIbought.Theanimalwhoateacarrotisarabbit.TheanimalwhomIsawyesterdayisarabbit.Theanimalwhosefavoritefoodiscarrotisarabbit.Thefoodwhichtherabbitlikesisacarrot.关系代词(relativepronouns)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）

thatwhich

who

whomwhosethat即可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是可省略，指人时一般可用who代替，指物时一般可以用which代替。TherabbitiseatingacarrotthatIbought.Therabbitiseatingacarrotthat

waspeeled.主语宾语关系代词：that关系代词(relativepronouns)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）

thatwhich

who

whomwhose人/物主/宾which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是可省略。TherabbitiseatingacarrotwhichIbought.Therabbitiseatingacarrotwhich

waspeeled.主语宾语关系代词：which关系代词(relativepronouns)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）

thatwhich

who

whomwhose人/物物主/宾主/宾who一般指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是可省略TherabbitwhoIsawyesterdayiseatingacarrot.Therabbitwhoiscuteiseatingacarrot.主语宾语关系代词：who关系代词(relativepronouns)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）

thatwhich

who

whomwhose人/物物人主/宾主/宾主/宾whom一般指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。TherabbitwhomIsawyesterdayiseatingacarrot.宾语关系代词：whom关系代词(relativepronouns)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）

thatwhich

who

whomwhose人/物物人人主/宾主/宾主/宾宾whose指人或物，在定语从句中作后面名词的定语，whose与它后面的名词一起在定语从句中作主语或宾语Therabbitwhosefuriswhiteiseatingacarrot.定语、主语TherabbitiseatingacarrotwhosesmellIhate.定语、宾语关系代词：whose关系代词(relativepronouns)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）

thatwhich

who

whomwhose人/物物人人

人（的）/物（的）主/宾主/宾主/宾定语宾关系代词：用于代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。TherabbitateacarrotthatIbought.Theanimalwhoateacarrotisarabbit.TheanimalwhomIsawyesterdayisarabbit.Theanimalwhosefavoritefoodiscarrotisarabbit.Thefoodwhichtherabbitlikesisacarrot.特殊关系代词as1.as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在thesame…as，such，as.等结构中as不能省略。Suchreasons___wegivecanpersuadehimtogiveuphisfoolishplan.I'llbuythesamedictionary___youhave.asasas误区警示1.当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从向但指同一物，而不是同一类。Thisisthesamebike____Ilosttwomonthsago这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。Thisisthesamebike___Ilosttwomonthsago这辆自行车跟两个月前我丢的那辆一样。thatas(同一辆自行车)(同样的自行车，但不是同一辆)as误区警示2.as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。Asyouknow,sheisastubborngirl,andIcan’tpersuadehertochangehermind.Mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutthegoodolddays,asisoftenthecasewitholdpeople练习Thenumberofpeople_________cometovisitthiscityeachyear

reachesonemillion.Yeareconcernedaboutpeople___________havesufferedalotintheearthquake.

Iknowtheperson_______housewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.Thisisthesuitcase_________sheislookingfor.Dannywastheman_______________werescuedfromtheruins.Roseistheperson_______________youshouldcareabout.Theyignoredthedetails_________mightaccountfortheaccident.Iwillbuythesamedictionary___youhave.that/whothat/whowhosethat/who/whom/\that/which/\that/who/whom/\that/whichas注意事项1关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关亲代词所替代的名词或代词。Thefilmthat/whichwesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.注意事项2关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday.注意事项3:只能用that而不用which的情况1.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Thefirstthing_____youshoulddoiscallingthepolicerightaway.Thisisthemostdeliciousfood______Ihaveeverhad.thatthat2.当先行词是all,any,little,few,much,ever,anything,nothing,none,very,theonly,thelast等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。All_____canbedonehasbeendone.Tellmeeverything_____youknowPleasesendusanyinformation_____youhaveaboutthesubject.thatthatthat注意事项3:只能用that而不用which的情况3.当先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame等修饰时Theonlything____shecoulddowastogotothePoliceforhelp.Thisistheverybook_____Iwanttobuy.thatthat4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。Sometimesweshouldignorethepersonsandthings____upsetus.thatthat5.当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichofthebooks_____youboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?注意事项4:只能用which而不用that的情况1.引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,______isaninterestinggame,isverypopularallovertheworldwhich2.当关系代词前有介词时。Thisisthehousein______MoYanoncelivedwhich3.当先行词为that时What'sthat______heaskedfor?which注意事项4:只能用which而不用that的情况4.在定语从句中含有另一个定语从句时，其中前一个关系代词是that，那后一个为whichLetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelirary_____newlyopened.which注意事项5:定语从句中的主谓一致1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据先行词的形式确定.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat____builtclosetoeachother.I'mfondofthatPieceofmusicwhich___popularwiththeteenager.areis注意事项5:定语从句中的主谓一致Heisoneofthestudentswho_____agoodcommandofFrench.(thestudents为先行词)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____agoodcommandofFrench.(theonlyone为先行词)oneof+复数名词+定语从句(先行词是复数名词，复数谓语)

theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句(先行词是theonlyone单数谓语)havehas2.练习Herearesomeofthepeople________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_____theycouldfind.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.Theinjuredboy______motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby______shewasresuced.Isthistheyoungboy________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings.whosethat/whothat/\whomthat/whichwhosethat/who高考真题(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork，_____helpsthemkeepfit(2018·天津卷)Kate,______sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia(2019·全国I卷)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes_____allowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.(2017・北京卷)Thelittleproblems____wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017・全国Ⅲ卷)ButSarah,____hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017・全国卷)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchfatandsalt,______isnotgoodforthehealthwhichwhichwhosethatwhichwho关系词关系副词关系代词关系副词：用于代指时间、地点、原因等先行词，在定语从句中充当状语等成分。关系副词(relativeadverb)所指代（即先行词）（antecedent）在定语从句中所作句子成分（sentencepart(s)）whenwherewhywhen指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常为time、day、week、year、evening等表示时间的名词。IstillrememberthetimewhenIwasinjuniorhighschool.Wewillneverforgetthedaywhenweentertheseniorhighschool.时间状语时间状语关系副词：whenwhen可以用in/on/at/duringwhich代替。duringwhichonwhich关系副词：用于代指时间、地点、原因等先行词，在定语从句中充当状语等成分。关系副词(relativeadverb)所指代(即先行词)(antecedent)在定语从句中所作句子成分(sentencepart)whenwherewhy表时间状语=in/on/at/duringwhichwhere指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常为place、town、city等表示地点的名词。1.Thisisthehotelwheretheystayed.2.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowsliveshere.地点状语地点状语关系副词：wherewhere可以用in/on/atwhich代替。inwhichonwhich关系副词：用于代指时间、地点、原因等先行词，在定语从句中充当状语等成分。关系副词(relativeadverb)所指代(即先行词)(antecedent)在定语从句中所作句子成分(sentencepart)whenwherewhy表时间时间状语=in/on/at/duringwhich表地点地点状语=in/on/atwhichwhy指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只能为reason。1.Thisisthereasonwhyhelefttheclassroom.2.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’thandinherhomework.原因状语原因状语关系副词：whywhere可以用forwhich代替。forwhichonwhich关系副词：用于代指时间、地点、原因等先行词，在定语从句中充当状语等成分。关系副词(relativeadverb)所指代(即先行词)(antecedent)在定语从句中所作句子成分(sentencepart)whenwherewhy表时间时间状语=in/on/at/duringwhich表地点地点状语=in/on/atwhichreason原因状语=forwhich观察例句1.Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?2.Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespentstudyingtogetherintheclassroom?3.Idon'tknowthereason

whyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.4.Wewon'tacceptthereasonthat/whichyouhavegiven.5.Canyourecognizethehousewhereyouusedtolivewithyourparents?6.Canyourecognisethehousethat/whichTomsoldthreeyearsago?注意辨析表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语时，则应用关系代词。方法：分析从句句子成分1.when相当于“at/in/on/during等+which”Irememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IsettledinChina.2.where

相当于“in/at/on等+which”Thehousewhere(=inwhich)Marklivedisnowalibrary.3.why

相当于“for+which”Isthatthereasonwhy(=forwhich)shesuddenlychangedhermind?“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句时，也可用“介词+which”代替关系副词。1.Thisisthestudentforwhom

Iboughtabook.2.Thisistheshipbywhich

IwenttoShanghai.2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that/who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。3.“名词，不定代词或基数词+of+which(指物)/whom(指人)”在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。1.Chinahaslotsofislands,oneofwhich

isHainanIsland.2.Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,theroofofwhich

wasdestroyedagaininabigfire.3.MissLiuhasalotofstudents,someofwhom

aregirls.注意：选用介词的依据1.根据先行词的搭配或从句中的动词、形容词等的搭配(即固定短语)。(1)YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakefor

whichHangzhouisfamous.(2)Heisthestudentfromwhomweshouldlearn.(3)IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.(4)Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.2.根据句子的意思来选择。(1)Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.(2)Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.用恰当的关系代词，关系副词或“介词+关系代词”完成句子。1.Thedaysaregone_______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.2.TheUSAisacountry______manydifferentdialectsarespoken.3.Thereason_______heexplainedatthemeetingsoundsreasonable.4.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_____theycanseethemselvesdifferently.5.Isawahouse,thewindowsof______werebroken.6.Shehastwosons,bothof_____graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.7.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?—Yes.Thereisonepoint_________Imustinsiston.8.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?—Itisajob____________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.9.Itwasinthevillage______heoncelivedthathegothisjunioreducation.10.Wehaveenteredintoanage_____dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.whenwherethat/whichwherewhichwhomwhich/thatwhere/inwhichwherewhen合并句子

1.

Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Ispentmostofmychildhoodthere.

2.

Do

you

remember

the

day?

On

that

day

we

playedtogether.

3.

The

reason

is

unknown.

He

carried

a

first-aid

kit.

4.

We’ll

go

to

hear

the

famous

singer.

We

have

often

talkedabout

the

famous

singer.

5.

The

plane

is

very

comfortable.

We

flew

to

Beijing

in

th