2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练-2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷02浙江特供卷（解析版）

2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷02（浙江特供卷)（时间：120分钟；满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodotoday?A．Playgolf. B．Fixthecar. C．Planthetrip.【答案】B【原文】M:Iplantoplaysomegolftoday.W:ButIthoughtyouweregoingtoworkonthecar.Thecarisindesperateneedofrepairs.AndweneeditforourroadtriponSaturday.2．Howdoesthewomanprobablygotoworknow?A．Bycar. B．Onfoot. C．Bybike.【答案】B【原文】M:Iamsotiredofdrivingallthosehourstowork.W:WhynotmoveclosertotheofficejustlikeIdid?AfterImoved,nowIdon’tevenneedabike.3．Whomightthewomanbe?A．Adoctor. B．Achemist. C．Anurse.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,Ineedsomedrugs.Hereistheprescriptionmydoctorgaveme.W:Letmecheck……Okay,hereareyourdrugs.Remember,thedrugsinthebluebottlearenotforinternaluse.M:Gotit.Thankyou.4．Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A．Embarrassed. B．Thrilled. C．Annoyed.【答案】A【原文】M:Doyouhaveanyfreshly-squeezedorangejuice?W:Oh,no.I’moutoforangejuice.Wouldyoulikesomeapplejuice?M:Thatwouldbeokay.W:Oh,sorry.Outofapplejuice.Whynotgoouttohavesomecoffeethen?5．Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantoshow?A．Hispassport. B．Hisphotograph. C．Hisregistrationbook.【答案】C【原文】M:IunderstandI’msupposedtoregister.W:HastheschoolsentyourpassportuptoLondon?M:Yes.AndIhaveuploadedmyphotograph.W:Then,pleasepresentyourregistrationbook.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Whatistheweatherliketoday?A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Windy.7．Whenwillthemangotoabirthdayparty?A．ThisSunday. B．NextMonday. C．NextTuesday.【答案】6．B7．B【原文】W:Let’sgotoplaybeachvolleyball,Andy.It’ssuchalovelyday.M:OK.Butletmefinishmyessayfirst.Wouldyoumindwaitingforhalfanhour,Lisa?Youcanlistentomusicforawhile.W:Isn’ttheessayduenextTuesday?M:Yeah,butI’llgocampingwithsomefriendstomorrowandIhaveafulldayofclassesonMonday,andabirthdaypartytoattendthatevening.W:Allrightthen,yougoahead.AndI’lllistentosomemusic.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．WhatdoweknowaboutEmma?A．Sheiskeenongeography.B．Shedislikesstudyingbiology.C．Shedidn’tputmucheffortingeology.9．WhatisthesubjectofEmma’sessay?A．Environmentalpollution. B．Plantconservation. C．Wildlifeprotection.10．WhatislackinginEmma’sessay?A．Specificmeasures. B．Interestingstories. C．Reliablestatistics.【答案】8．C9．C10．A【原文】M:Hi,Emma,whythelongface?W:Ireceivedcriticismformygeographyessay.M:Ohno!Wasitbecausethesubjectdidn’tinteresttheteacher?W:Well,Idon’tnormallylikelearninggeography.Lastterm,westudiedgeologyanditwasveryboring,andIadmitthatIdidn’tworkveryhard!Butthistermwe’vebeenstudyingbiology.It’smoreinterestingthanIthought.M:Whatwasyouressayabout?W:Theconservationofananimal.Weweren’tassignedone.Wecouldchoose,soIchoseiguanas.M:Oh,yes!Irememberseeingyouinthelibrary!Youwerereadingaboutiguanasthen!Sowhatdidyoudowrong?W:Iwrotealongessay,withlotsofinterestinginformationaboutiguanas,suchastheirfoodandtheirevolution,andIevenwrotesomestoriesaboutthem.ButIdidn’twriteabouthowwecanhelpthem!Ididn’trealizethatIhadtowritedownmyownthoughts.It’ssosilly!M:Noworries.Maybetheteacherwillallowyoutowritetheessayagain.W:Ihopeso.I’llaskhertomorrow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofparticipatinginthesportingevent?A．It’sinteresting. B．It’sboring. C．It’seasy.12．Whichsportisthemangoodat?A．Running. B．Cycling. C．Swimming.13．Howdoesthewomanbuildupherlegstrength?A．Byjumping. B．Bywalking. C．Byclimbingmountains.【答案】11．A12．C13．C【原文】W:Tim,haveyoueverparticipatedinasportingeventinwhichpeoplecompeteinthreedifferentsports,usuallyswimming,cycling,andrunning?M:I’veneverconsideredit.Itsoundsreallytough!W:Butit’salsoalotoffun.I’vedoneafewnow,andIalwaysfeelsuchasenseofsatisfactionwhenIfinish.Well,I’vebeenpracticingregularlyforthepastfewmonths.ButIstillfeellikeIneedsomeguidancehowtoimprove.M:Icoulddefinitelygiveyousomeadvicewhenitcomestoswimming.Iusedtobeonmyhighschool’sswimteam,andI’mastrongswimmer.W:That’sgreat!M:Andwhatabouttheotherpartsofthesportingevent?Howdoyoutrainforthose?W:Forcycling,I’vebeenclimbingmountainstobuildupmylegstrength.Andforrunning,I’vebeendoingvariouskindsoftrainingtoimprovemyspeedandendurance.M:Itsoundslikeyou’vegotasolidtrainingroutine.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14．WhatdidJenniferdolastweekend?A．Shevisitedawoman. B．Shedidsomeshopping. C．Shesoldsomeoldthings.15．WhomdidthechocolatechipcookiesremindJenniferof?A．Herhusband. B．Herneighbor. C．Hergrandmother.16．WhydidthewomanreturntoJenniferafewhourslater?A．Togiveheragift. B．Tojointhesale. C．TospendChristmastogether.【答案】14．C15．C16．A【原文】M:Jennifer,whatkindofcookiesareyoueatingtoday?Theysmellverygood.W:Chocolatechipcookies.M:Didyourhusbandbakethemforyou?W:No.Actually,they’reagiftfromanewneighbor.RememberIhadayardsalelastweekend?Awomanatmyyardsalehadsomecookiesthatsmelledheavenlyandfamiliar.Iaskedherwhatkindtheywere,andshetoldmetheywerechocolatechipcookies.Suddenly,Iwasbowledoverbyafloodofmemories.M:Why?W:ChocolatechipcookiesweretheonetreatIcouldcountonatChristmasfrommylategrandmother.Wechattedawhile,andsheboughtsomethingsandleft.M:Then?W:Afewhourslater,shereturnedholdingafreshbatchofchocolatechipcookies.Iwasreallytouched.M:Youmustmissyourgrandmotherverymuch.W:Certainly.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17．WhatcantouristsvisitatStopA?A．Apalace. B．Arestaurant. C．Amuseum.18．WhereshouldtouristsstopiftheyareinterestedinRomanLanding?A．AtStopB． B．AtStopC． C．AtStopD．19．Howoftendocitybusesrun?A．Onceaday. B．Twiceaday. C．Threetimesaday.20．WhatcanweknowaboutTheNumberOneSightseeingTour?A．ItstartsfromCastleHill. B．Itprovidesguides. C．Itcontainsvideogames.【答案】17．A18．B19．C20．B【原文】ThankyouforcallingtheTouristLine.Therearemanydifferentwaysofgettingroundthecityandwe’dliketosuggestsometoyou.Howaboutacitytripbyboat?Therearefourmainstoppingpoints.Thefirstboatleavesat8amandthelastoneat6:30pm.AtStopA,youcanvisitthefinel6thcenturypalaceherebuiltforthekingwithitsbeautifulformalgardens.AtStopB,thereisTowerRestaurant.Thisisaplacewhereyoucansitandenjoythewonderfulviewsovertheoldcommercialandbankingcenterofthecity.StopCisthearea,whereinthefirstcenturyAD,occupyingsoldierscrossedtheriver.That’swhythisareaiscalledRomanLanding.There’samuseumtovisitherewithalargeshopwhichhassomelocalhistorybooks.AtStopD,themostexcitingplacetovisitisthenewEntertainmentComplexwithseven-screencinemaandvideogames.Besidestheboattours,therearecitybuses.Busesleavefrom9:00am,10:00amand11:00am.TherearedeparturesfromCentralStation,CastleHillandLongWalk.TheNumberOneSightseeingTourhasguidesavailableineightlanguages.BusesdepartfromCentralStationabout9am,so…第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMotherEarthNewsistheoriginalguidetolivingwisely.Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoney-savinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundo-it-yourselfprojectsandself-sufficientlifestyles.Themagazineapproachesenvironmentalproblemsfromadown-to-earth,practical,simpleliving,how-tostandpoint.Becomeapreferredsubscriberandclaimyourbenefitstoday!MemberBenefitsInclude:➢Onlinevideolearninglibrary,featuring450+videoswithmoreaddedeverymonth➢Admissiontoallonlinevideoworkshops,includingexpertinterviewsandliveQ&.As➢AyearofMotherEarthNewsmagazine,backedby50+yearsoftrustedDIYguidance➢Bonusdigitalsubscription—accessnewissuesanywherelifetakesyou➢Everydaymemberdiscountsoneco-friendlyproductsintheMotherEarthNewsStore➢Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenon-memberscanMembershipprice:➢PrintMembership:$38peryear➢DigitalMembership:$18peryearDigitalmagazineversiononly(printedversionexcluded)SatisfactionGuarantee:IfyouarenotfullysatisfiedwithMotherEarthNews,simplycall800-234-3368oremailatCustomerService@.Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).Noquestionsasked.21．WhicharticleismostlikelytobeincludedinMotherEarthNews?A．MoralValuesmayShiftwithSeasonsB．BuildaWindGeneratorforHomebyYourselfC．StarryHorizons:TheFutureofSpaceExplorationD．MeltingPotofIdeas:CulturalIntegrationinthe21stCentury22．Whatistheaddedbonusformembers?A．Visitinglocallibrariesforfree. B．HostingaliveQ&Asession.C．Havingadiscountondigitalversion. D．Gettingearlieraccesstolatestarticles.23．Whatistherefundforthehalf-yearsubscriptioncancellation?A．$9. B．$18. C．$19. D．$38.【答案】21．B22．D23．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了《MotherEarthNews》杂志的内容定位、会员权益及退订政策等信息。21．细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoney-savinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundo-it-yourselfprojectsandself-sufficientlifestyles.(该杂志于1970年创刊，每期双月刊以实用和省钱的资讯为特色，探讨如何削减能源成本；使用可再生能源；有机园艺;绿色住宅建设与改造；有趣的自己动手的项目和自给自足的生活方式)”可推知，杂志主要涉及自给自足和环保意识相关的内容。选项B符合这些主题。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据文章中“Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenon-memberscan(对在线内容没有限制-会员可以在非会员之前查看新文章和项目创意)”可推知，会员福利之一就是比非会员更早获得最新的文章。故选D。23．细节理解题。根据文章中“Membershipprice:➢PrintMembership:$38peryear(会员价格：印刷版会员每年38美元)并且在退款保证中说明“Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).(我们将对所有未邮寄的期刊进行全额退款)”可知，如果在半年的时候取消订阅未邮寄的月份，则为19美元。故选C。BPossessingaconsiderableamountoffamiliaritywithToastmasters,anassociationdedicatedtoassistingindividualsinsurmountingthetrepidationassociatedwithpublicoratory,Ibecameamemberseveralyearsinthepast,harboringaspirationsofenhancingmyowncapabilitiesinaddressinganaudience.Subsequenttothedeliveryofoneofmydiscourses,theremarksIgarneredwererathersevere.Irrespectiveofwhethertheywereintendedtobebeneficialornot,thecriticismwaschallengingtoaccept,andIcouldn’thelpbutfeelasenseofemotionaldistress.DuringmytenurewithToastmasters,Igleanedamultitudeofinsights,oneofwhichpertainedtothesignificanceofefficaciousfeedback.Foradults,embracingthecritiquesofothersisaformidabletask,evenwhensuchcritiquesareprofferedwiththebestofintentions.Consequently,itisonlylogicaltoanticipatethatchildrenwillencountersimilardifficultiesinthisregard.However,thefeedbackthatourprogenyreceivefromeducatorsandparentalfiguresisinstrumentalintheiroverallgrowthandmaturation.Thus,asparents,itisincumbentuponustomastertheartofdeliveringfeedbackinamannerthatisbotheffectiveandconstructive,andwemustalsoendeavortoeducateourchildrenonhowtoreceivesuchfeedbackwithanopenmindandsagaciousdiscernment.Themannerinwhichparentsconveytheirfeedbackisofequalimporttothepreciseterminologyemployed.Itisentirelyfeasibletohavethemostaltruisticofintentions,yetifthefeedbackiscommunicatedineptly,itcanprovetobedetrimentalratherthanadvantageous.Establishingadomesticenvironmentthatisbothwelcomingandsecureforthereceptionandassimilationoffeedbackisofparamountimportance.Particularlywithinthedynamicbetweenachildandtheirparent,thefeedbackexchangedshouldbesalutary,edifying,andconsistent.Thechoiceofwordsutilizedisequallysignificant.InanarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,authoredbyDr.AdamGrant,anorganizationalpsychologistaffiliatedwiththeWhartonSchool,hepositsthatemployingnounsasopposedtoverbswhenencouragingchildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whendispensingnegativefeedback,itisgenerallymoreadvantageoustoutilizeverbs.Thefeedbackprovidedbyaparentservesasthefoundationalframeworkthatshapeshowachildwillsubsequentlymanagetheirinternaldialogue.Toillustrate,consideraconversationyoumightengageinwithyourchildregardingtheiraspirations.Yourfeedbackhasthepotentialnotonlytospurthemtoconcentrateontheircurrentpositionbutalsotoreflectupontheprogresstheyhavemadethusfar.Thistypeoffeedbackcanactasacatalyst,propellingthemforwardtoachievetheirultimateobjectives.24．WhydoestheauthormentionhisexperiencewithToastmasters?A．Totelluswhatisgoodfeedback. B．TotellustojoinToastmasters.C．Toshowthemainfunctionoffeedback. D．Toshowthenecessityofproperfeedback.25．WhichofthefollowingfeedbackiseffectiveaccordingtoDr.AdamGrant?①You’reabighelper.

②You’reapoormathlearner.③You’vebeenhelpfulthisafternoon.

④Youdidn’tdowellonthismathtest.A．①② B．①④ C．②③ D．③④26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Limit. B．Monitor. C．Persuade. D．Inspire.27．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Thewaytorespondtofeedback B．ThevalueofacceptingfeedbackC．Howtogiveeffectivefeedback D．Howtobecomeabetterspeaker【答案】24．D25．B26．D27．C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者通过自己在Toastmasters的经历，讨论了反馈的重要性，特别是对于儿童的成长和教育。文章强调了给予和接受反馈的艺术，以及如何通过有效的反馈帮助孩子成长。24．推理判断题。根据第一段“PossessingaconsiderableamountoffamiliaritywithToastmasters,anassociationdedicatedtoassistingindividualsinsurmountingthetrepidationassociatedwithpublicoratory,Ibecameamemberseveralyearsinthepast,harboringaspirationsofenhancingmyowncapabilitiesinaddressinganaudience.Subsequenttothedeliveryofoneofmydiscourses,theremarksIgarneredwererathersevere.Irrespectiveofwhethertheywereintendedtobebeneficialornot,thecriticismwaschallengingtoaccept,andIcouldn’thelpbutfeelasenseofemotionaldistress.(Toastmasters是一个致力于帮助个人克服公众演讲带来的恐惧的协会，我对它相当熟悉，几年前我成为了它的会员，怀着提高自己演讲能力的愿望。在我发表一篇演讲之后，我得到的评论相当严厉。不管这些批评是有益的还是有害的，我都很难接受，我不禁感到一种情绪上的痛苦)”可知，作者在文章开头提到自己加入Toastmasters的经历，并且提到了在其中获得的严厉反馈。由此推知，作者想通过这个经历引出了反馈的重要性，特别是在个人成长和面对公众演讲的恐惧方面。故选D。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“InanarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,authoredbyDr.AdamGrant,anorganizationalpsychologistaffiliatedwiththeWhartonSchool,hepositsthatemployingnounsasopposedtoverbswhenencouragingchildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whendispensingnegativefeedback,itisgenerallymoreadvantageoustoutilizeverbs.(沃顿商学院的组织心理学家亚当·格兰特博士在《纽约时报》上发表的一篇文章中指出，在鼓励孩子时使用名词而不是动词“更有效22%到29%”。然而，在给予负面反馈时，通常使用动词更有优势)”可知，有效的正面反馈应该是使用名词，而有效的负面反馈应该是使用动词。选项①“You’reabighelper”使用了名词，是有效的正面反馈；选项④“Youdidn’tdowellonthismathtest.”使用了动词，是有效的负面反馈。故选B。26．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Thistypeoffeedbackcanactasacatalyst,propellingthemforwardtoachievetheirultimateobjectives.(这种反馈可以起到催化剂的作用，推动他们向前，实现最终目标)”以及后文“themtoconcentrateontheircurrentposition”可知，这种反馈可以起到催化剂的作用，推动他们向前，实现最终目标，即反馈可以激励他们专注于目前的职位，故“spur”一词的意思是“刺激”或“激励”，与“propellingthemforward”(推动他们向前)的意思相呼应。故选D。27．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“DuringmytenurewithToastmasters,Igleanedamultitudeofinsights,oneofwhichpertainedtothesignificanceofefficaciousfeedback.(在Toastmasters任职期间，我收获了许多见解，其中之一与有效反馈的重要性有关)”和倒数第二段“InanarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,authoredbyDr.AdamGrant,anorganizationalpsychologistaffiliatedwiththeWhartonSchool,hepositsthatemployingnounsasopposedtoverbswhenencouragingchildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whendispensingnegativefeedback,itisgenerallymoreadvantageoustoutilizeverbs.(沃顿商学院的组织心理学家亚当·格兰特博士在《纽约时报》上发表的一篇文章中指出，在鼓励孩子时使用名词而不是动词“更有效22%到29%”。然而，在给予负面反馈时，通常使用动词更有优势)”可知，作者通过自己在Toastmasters的经历，讨论了反馈的重要性，特别是对于儿童的成长和教育。文章强调了给予和接受反馈的艺术，以及如何通过有效的反馈帮助孩子成长。故选项C“如何给予有效的反馈”是最合适的标题。故选C。CFiveGrade11students,callingthemselves“TeamVoltage5”fromthePhilippineScienceHighSchool,engineeredaninnovativedevicenamedthe“S-Light”andsecuredaSilverAwardattheYoungInventorsChallenge2019inMalaysia.Thisannualevent,initiatedin2003,ismeanttofuelapassionforscienceamongyoungminds.Uniquely,theS-Lightdiffersfromconventionalspeakersbyturningnoiseintoelectricityratherthanusingelectricitytoproducesound.Inordertodevelopthisdevice,TeamVoltage5investedcountlesslunchtimesinschoollaboratories,workingcloselywiththeirscienceteachers.Ateammemberexplained,“Whensoundwavesstrikethediaphragmofthespeaker,theinteractionbetweenthemagnetandcoilgenerateselectricalenergy.Thisisstoredinapowerbanktopoweralight.Thisprocessisessentiallytheoppositeofhowtraditionalspeakerswork.TheS-Lightproveshighlyeffectiveinenvironmentsabundantwithnoise,suchasairports,busyroads,orconstructionsites.Withlargerspeakersandalotofdevices,itholdstheincrediblepotentialtogeneratesufficientelectricityforanentirecommunityandprovidesustainableenergysolutions.Whiletransformingnoiseintoelectricityisnotanovelconcept,nopracticaldeviceexistedbefore.Thecreatorsofthe“S-Light”weredrivenbytheprospectofassistingstudentsinruralareaslackingelectriclightingforhomestudy.Theywerekeenlyawareoftheirprivilegeinattendingschoolandexpressedprideincontributingtheirinventiontotheirnationasgratitudefortheireducationalopportunities.TheremarkableachievementsofTeamVoltage5serveasaninspiration,encouragingotheryoungindividualstorealizetheirfullpotentialtoimpactothers'livesandmakegreatcontributionstosocietythroughscientificinnovationandcreativity.28．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“S-Light”?A．Itwasinitiallyoperatedin2003. B．Ituseselectricitytomakesound.C．Ittransformssoundintoelectricity. D．Itworksthesamewayasaspeaker.29．What'sparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Whythe“S-Light”matters. B．Howthe“S-Light”functions.C．Wherethe“S-Light”storesenergy. D．Whatissuethe“S-Light”addresses.30．WhichwordscanbestdescribeTeamVoltage5?A．Humorousanddiligent. B．Creativeandappreciative.C．Curiousanddependable. D．Productiveandresponsible.31．Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlyconveyinthetext?A．Smallactionsbringaboutnewinsights.B．Jointeffortsarekeytoachievingsuccess.C．Importantchangesalwaysarisefromtrialanderror.D．Innovativeyouthcontributetocommunitywell-being.【答案】28．C29．B30．B31．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了来自菲律宾科学高中的5名自称为“TeamVoltage5”的11年级学生，设计了名为“S-Light”的创新设备，并在马来西亚2019青年发明家挑战赛上获得了银奖。“S-Light”与传统扬声器的区别在于，它将噪音转化为电能，而不是使用电能来产生声音。28．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Uniquely,theS-Lightdiffersfromconventionalspeakersbyturningnoiseintoelectricityratherthanusingelectricitytoproducesound.(S-Light与传统扬声器的独特之处在于，它将噪音转化为电能，而不是用电来产生声音。)”可知，S-Light把声音转换成电。故选C项。29．主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“Ateammemberexplained,“Whensoundwavesstrikethediaphragmofthespeaker,theinteractionbetweenthemagnetandcoilgenerateselectricalenergy.Thisisstoredinapowerbanktopoweralight.Thisprocessisessentiallytheoppositeofhowtraditionalspeakerswork.(一位团队成员解释说：“当声波撞击扬声器的隔膜时，磁铁和线圈之间的相互作用产生电能。它被储存在充电宝里，为电灯供电。这个过程本质上与传统扬声器的工作方式相反。)”可知，第二段主要是讲S-Light是如何工作的。故选B项。30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Whiletransformingnoiseintoelectricityisnotanovelconcept,nopracticaldeviceexistedbefore.Thecreatorsofthe“S-Light”weredrivenbytheprospectofassistingstudentsinruralareaslackingelectriclightingforhomestudy.'Theywerekeenlyawareoftheirprivilegeinattendingschoolandexpressedprideincontributingtheirinventiontotheirnationasgratitudefortheireducationalopportunities.(虽然将噪音转化为电能并不是一个新颖的概念，但在此之前并没有实际的设备存在。“S-Light”的发明者希望帮助农村地区缺乏电力照明的学生在家学习。“他们敏锐地意识到自己上学的特权，并表示为自己的国家贡献自己的发明感到自豪，以感谢他们的教育机会。”)”可知，TeamVoltage5有创新精神且他们对自己接受的教育心存感恩。故选B项。31．推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“TheremarkableachievementsofTeamVoltage5serveasaninspiration,encouragingotheryoungindividualstorealizetheirfullpotentialtoimpactothers'livesandmakegreatcontributionstosocietythroughscientificinnovationandcreativity.(Voltage5团队的卓越成就鼓舞着其他年轻人，鼓励他们充分发挥自己的潜力，通过科学创新和创造力影响他人的生活，为社会做出巨大贡献。)”可知，作者想要传达的信息是“有创新精神的青年们为社会福祉做贡献”。故选D项。DThewordsuperiorityeffectreferstothephenomenonwhereindividualscanidentifyalettermoreaccuratelywhenitispresentedwithinthecontextofawordthanwhenitisshownaloneorinanon-wordcontext.Thiseffecthighlightshowourcognitive(认知的)processingoflanguageisinfluencedbythelexical(词汇的)representationofwords.Inearlystudiesofthewordsuperiorityeffect,participantsbrieflysaweitherwords,nonwords,orsingleletters,andthenwereshowntwoletters.Theirtaskwastodeterminewhichofthetwolettershadappearedintheinitialstimulus(刺激物).Ina“word”trialtheword“CARE”wouldappearbrieflythenthelettersAandOwouldbepresentedasoptions.Ina“nonword”trial,theparticipantmightsee“EACR”,beforetheletteroptions,andinthesinglelettercondition,theymightsee“-A--”.Participantsmorequicklyidentifiedtheletterin“word”trialsthaninnonwordorsingle-lettertrials.Oneconvincingexplanationforthiseffectcomesfromtheneural(神经的)networkmodelsofRumelhartandMcClelland.Asimplifiedwaytothinkaboutthemodelisthattherearedistinct“levels”orsystemsforwordrecognitionandforletterrecognition.Ononelevelare“letterdetectors”thatmaybeactivatedbasedonthelikelihoodofcertainlettersbeingpresent(e.g.,ifallyouseearecurvedlines,C,G,andOaremorelikelythanXorZ).Atthesametime,“worddetectors”areactivatedbasedonthelikelihoodofcertainwordshavingoccurred.Asomewhatsimplifiedexplanationofthewordsuperiorityeffectisthatinthesinglelettercase,onlyletterdetectorsareactive,whereasinthe“word”conditionbothletterandworddetectorsareactive,makingidentificationoftheletterfaster.Prinzmetalperformedaseriesofstudiestodetermineboundaryconditionsonthewordsuperiorityeffect.Hefoundthat,incontrasttomanyassumptionsaboutthewordsuperiorityeffect,itdoesnotrequirerapidstimuluspresentationsormaskedstimuluspresentations—although,forreasonsthataren’tyetclear,theeffectremainsstrongestwhentheinitialstimuluspresentationisbrief.Follow-upresearchhasshownthatthewordsuperiorityeffectisstrongerwithhigh-frequencywords,astheyaremorefamiliartoreaders,enhancingrecognition.Itplaysasignificantroleinreadingcomprehensionandspeed,asrecognizingwordsquicklyallowsreaderstoprocesstextmorefluently.32．InwhichgroupoflettercanletterDberecognizedmorequickly?A．KSID． B．DISK. C．IDSK. D．SIKD．33．Whatdoesparagraph3discussaboutthewordsuperiorityeffect?A．Whyitoccurs. B．Whereitworksbetter.C．Whatthedefinitionofitis. D．Howitimpactstheneuralnetwork.34．WhatcanwelearnfromPrinzmetal’sstudiesaboutboundaryconditions?A．Stimuluslocationiscrucial. B．Stimuluscomplexityisnecessary.C．Briefstimuluspresentationisnotamust. D．Intensestimuluspresentationisrequired.35．Howcanweimprovereadingfluency?A．Exploitingmorereadingresources. B．Creatingbetterlearningatmosphere.C．Doingreadingcomprehensiontraining. D．Includinghigh-frequencywordsintexts.【答案】32．B33．A34．C35．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“词优效应”，该效应指单词中的字母比无意义字母串中的字母或孤立的字母更容易被识别，其机制源于神经网络模型中的字母与单词检测器共同被激活，且高频词的优势效应更强，对阅读流畅性有重要影响。32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thewordsuperiorityeffectreferstothephenomenonwhereindividualscanidentifyalettermoreaccuratelywhenitispresentedwithinthecontextofawordthanwhenitisshownaloneorinanon-wordcontext.(词优效应指的是，出现在一个单词上下文中的字母，比单独出现或出现在非单词上下文中的字母，能更准确地被个体识别)”可知，在单词中出现的字母更容易被识别。选项中DISK“磁盘”是一个有意义的单词，因此其中的字母D会更快被识别。故选B项。33．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Oneconvincingexplanationforthiseffectcomesfromtheneural(神经的)networkmodelsofRumelhartandMcClelland.Asimplifiedwaytothinkaboutthemodelisthattherearedistinct“levels”orsystemsforwordrecognitionandforletterrecognition.Ononelevelare“letterdetectors”thatmaybeactivatedbasedonthelikelihoodofcertainlettersbeingpresent(e.g.,ifallyouseearecurvedlines,C,G,andOaremorelikelythanXorZ).Atthesametime,“worddetectors”areactivatedbasedonthelikelihoodofcertainwordshavingoccurred.Asomewhatsimplifiedexplanationofthewordsuperiorityeffectisthatinthesinglelettercase,onlyletterdetectorsareactive,whereasinthe“word”conditionbothletterandworddetectorsareactive,makingidentificationoftheletterfaster.(Rumelhart和McClelland的神经网络模型对这种效应给出了一个令人信服的解释。考虑该模型的一种简化方法是，单词识别和字母识别有不同的“级别”或系统。在一个层面上，“字母检测器”可能会根据某些字母出现的可能性被激活（例如，如果你看到的都是曲线，那么C、G和O比X或Z更有可能出现）。同时，“单词检测器”会根据某些单词出现的可能性被激活。对词优效应的一个稍微简化的解释是，在单个字母的情况下，只有字母检测器是活跃的，而在“单词”条件下，字母和单词检测器都是活跃的，这使得识别字母的速度更快)”可知，本段讨论了Rumelhart和McClelland的神经网络模型，解释了词优效应发生的原因。故选A项。34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hefoundthat,incontrasttomanyassumptionsaboutthewordsuperiorityeffect,itdoesnotrequirerapidstimuluspresentationsormaskedstimuluspresentations—although,forreasonsthataren’tyetclear,theeffectremainsstrongestwhentheinitialstimuluspresentationisbrief.(他发现，与许多关于词优效应的假设相反，它不需要快速的刺激表现或隐藏的刺激表现——尽管，由于尚不清楚的原因，当最初的刺激表现很简短时，效应仍然最强)”可知，Prinzmetal的研究表明，短暂的刺激表现并非是必须的。故选C项。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Follow-upresearchhasshownthatthewordsuperiorityeffectisstrongerwithhigh-frequencywords,astheyaremorefamiliartoreaders,enhancingrecognition.Itplaysasignificantroleinreadingcomprehensionandspeed,asrecognizingwordsquicklyallowsreaderstoprocesstextmorefluently.(后续研究表明，高频词的优势效应更强，因为读者对高频词更熟悉，从而增强了识别能力。它在阅读理解和速度方面起着重要作用，因为快速识别单词可以