2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练-2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷02新高考II卷（解析版）

2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷02（新高考II卷)（时间：120分钟；满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whichsportdidthewomandobestinthisyear’scompetition?A．Bicyclerace. B．Pingpong. C．Badminton.【答案】B【原文】W:Didyougotothesportscompetitionthisyear?M:Yes.IsawyoucamefirstinPingpong.Butyourbestsportsarebicycleraceandbadminton,aren’tthey?W:Yes,butIwasfifthinbothofthem.Ihadneverexpectedthat.2．Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingwith?A．Acoach. B．Adoctor. C．Amanager.【答案】A【原文】W:I’mreallytired.Idon’tthinkIcando15minutes’weightlifting.M:Stickwithit.Ipromiseyouwillimproveyourbodyshapeifyoucanhangon.Ihaveinstructedmanypeopleandtheyhavemadeit!W:OK,I’llkeepgoing.3．Whatisthewomandoingnow?A．Cookingdinner.B．Orderingdishes.C．Doingtheshopping.【答案】B【原文】M:Whatwouldyoulikeforyourstarter?W:I’dlikeFrenchonionsoup,please.AndtwoThaichickenandriceforourmaincourse.4．What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Classmates.B．Authorandreader.C．Teacherandstudent.【答案】A【原文】W:HaveyoureadOriginbyDanBrownyet,Bill?M:Notyet,butIlearnedaboutitfromourteacher.W:I’vejustfinishedit.Theplotisfulloftwistsandturns.Icouldn’tputitdown.5．Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A．Embarrassed. B．Thrilled. C．Annoyed.【答案】A【原文】M:Doyouhaveanyfreshly-squeezedorangejuice?W:Oh,no.I’moutoforangejuice.Wouldyoulikesomeapplejuice?M:Thatwouldbeokay.W:Oh,sorry.Outofapplejuice.Whynotgoouttohavesomecoffeethen?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Waiterandcustomer.B．Professorandstudent.C．Taxidriverandpassenger.7．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Sheisatourist.B．ShestudiedDramaintheUK.C．Shehasthesameaccentastheman.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】M:Whereto,Miss?W:TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,please.Andcouldyoustopbysomefastfoodrestaurantontheway?I’dliketobuysometakeout.M:Sure.Atourist,Iguess?W:No,Iwasbornhere.Why?M:Well,youdon’thaveouraccent.W:Oh,thatisprobablybecauseI’vespentmylast5yearsinBritain.IstudiedDramaattheUniversityofWinchesterthere,yousee.M:Okay.WelcomebacktoNewYork.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．Whatisthelady’smaingoal?A．Tokeepagoodfigure.B．Togetmoreexercise.C．Tohaveaphysicalexamination.9．Whatdoyouthinkofthework-outplan?A．Effectiveforeveryone. B．Verypersonal. C．Hardtocarryout.10．Whydoesthewomanchoosetheone-monthservice?A．Tosavemoney. B．Toachievehergoal. C．Tohaveatry.【答案】8．A9．B10．C【原文】M:Goodafternoon,madam.HowcanIhelpyou?W:Well,Iamalittlebitoutofshape.IthinkIshouldgetsomeexercisetokeepfit.Whatkindofservicedoyouoffer?M:Firstofall,we’llmakeapersonalizedwork-outplanaccordingtoyourphysicalconditionsandyourpersonalneeds.W:Howcanyougetthatdone?M:Well,wegiveeachcustomeraqualifiedpersonaltrainer.Thetrainerwillassessyouandthencomeupwiththework-outplan.W:Whatelse?M:Thenyou’llbetaughtallthenecessarytechniquestousetheequipmentandachieveyourgoal.W:Soundsprettygood.Howmuchdoyoucharge?M:Thatdepends.Weoffermembershipforonemonth,halfayearandoneyear.W:Perhapsonemonth.I’lljusthaveatryatfirst.M:Wisedecision.Thatis400yuan.You’llfindit’stotallyworthit.W:OK,I’lltakeit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11．Whatdoesthewomanwanttowrite?A．Amagazinearticle. B．Asciencebook. C．Afictionalstory.12．Whatisspecialaboutthejellyfishthewomanmentioned?A．Theyhavenobabies. B．Theyliveforever. C．Theynevergetsick.13．What’sthewoman’sconcern?A．Whethertheideaisoriginal.B．Whetherthestoryisreasonable.C．Whetherthemainroleisattractive.【答案】11．C12．B13．C【原文】W:Doyouknowanythingthatcanliveforever?M:Probablynot.Why?W:I’mthinkingaboutwritinganewbook,inwhichthemaincharacterlivesforever.Iknowit’snotaparticularlyoriginalideaandhasbeenafeatureofstoriesforages.ButIgotmyinspirationfromamagazinearticleaboutaparticulartypeofjellyfishthat“cheatsdeath”.M:What?Impossible!W:It’strue!They’reabletoturnintobabiesagainwhenevertheybecomestressed,sick,orold,overandoveragain!M:Wow,that’samazing!W:Inmystory,thescientistsusethesejellyfishtogivehumansthesameability.ButthebigquestionisthatIdon’tknowhowtomakethecharacterinterestingenoughtogetreaderstokeepreading.M:Trustme,theideaitselfisamazing.I’dbeexcitedtoreadthat!听下面一段对话,回答以下小题。14．Whatsportisthewomangoodat?A．Bowling. B．Football. C．Badminton15．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Co-workers. B．Cousins. C．Teammates.16．Whatwillthemandonext?A．CallDave. B．SendanemailtoHenry. C．Getatickettoanexhibition.【答案】14．C15．A16．B【原文】M:HeyBarbara,mybowlingteamisaplayershortforatournament.Doyouwanttojoinus?W:I’mnotreallygoodatbowling.Ifitwasbadminton,I’dbetherightperson.M:Well,weneedsomeone.Otherwise,wewillloseourplace.W:I’lltellyouwhat.I’lldoitifyoucannotfindanyonebetterthanme.M:Well,thetournamentistomorrownightat7:00p.m.Notsureifwewillfindanyoneelsebythen.W:Letmeaskaround,mycousinDaveusedtoplaybowling,butIdon’tknowwhenhelastplayed.M:Well,ifheisavailable,thespotishis.W:Ohno,I’vejustrememberedthatwe’regoingtoanewmuseumexhibitiontomorrow.M:Nottoworry.We’llfindsomeoneelse.W:WhataboutHenry?He’sourboss,buthe’squitesporty.Heplaysfootball.M:Greatidea.I’lldrophimanemail.W:Sorry,Icouldn’tdoit.Butifitwasme,you’dprobablylose.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17．HowlongdoesthemeetingoftheArtsClubRiverdalelast?A．1hour. B．2hours. C．3hours.18．InwhichroomdotheSportsClubmembersholdtheirmeetings?A．303A． B．303B． C．303C．19．Whenareclubmembersshowingtheirart?A．ThisMonday. B．ThisSaturday. C．ThisSunday.20．Whoarethelistenersmostprobably?A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Librarians.【答案】17．B18．B19．B20．A【原文】Hello,everyone.MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ifyouareinterestedinmeetingpeoplewho’dliketotalkaboutartandmakeart,theArtsClubRiverdalemaybetheperfectplaceforyou.WemeeteveryTuesdayeveningtotalkaboutthelatestnewsintheartworldandaboutinterestingprojectstoworkon.Membersarriveat7:00p.m.andmeetingslastuntil9:00p.m.Ourmeetingplaceisonthe3rdfloorofRiverdaleLibrary,Room303A.Don’tgotothewrongplace.Room303BisfortheSportsClub,andRoom303CisfortheSciencesClub.Ourmembersmostlytalkaboutmusic,paintinganddrawing,butwe’reopentonewideas.Ifyou’reinterestedintakingpartinevents,theArtsClubmembersalsoputonshows.ThisSaturday,onthe21stofSeptemberat8:00p.m.,somemembersareshowingtheirartattheSpringGallery,justtogiveanexampleofthethingswedo.Ifyou’dliketohearmoreabouttheArtsClub,youmayaskyourteachersforhelp,orphone555-1910orvisitourwebsiteatartsclubriverdale.co.uk.Wehopetohearfromyousoon!第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASignUpforOurMost-NeededPositionsIntimesofneed,countlessvolunteersstepuptoprovidevitalassistancetothoseaffectedbydisasters.Whetherit’sofferingshelter,healthcare,orcomforttoblooddonors,eachrolecontributessignificantlytothewell-beingofcommunities.Explorethevariousopportunitiesavailableandseehowyoucanmakeapositiveimpact.ShelterVolunteerWhendisastersstrikeandpeoplearedisplacedfromtheirhome,youcanbetheshelterinthestorm.Sheltervolunteersworkdirectlywithresidentstoensuretheirbasicneedsaremetaswellashelpthemaccessadditionalservices.Ifyouareacalmandcompassionateperson,thisistheopportunityforyou.Jointodayandstartyourtraining.Thiswayyoucanbereadytorespondwhenthenextmajordisasterstrikes.DisasterHealthServicesJoinourteamofdedicatedhealthcareprofessionalsandmakeadifferenceduringlarge-scaledisasters.Asalicensedhealthprofessional,you’llhavetheopportunitytoprovideessentialhands-oncareandeducationtothoseaffected,usingyourexpertisetosupportcommunitiesinneed.BloodDonorAmbassadorAsaBloodDonorAmbassadorvolunteer,youwillengagedonorsbygreeting,registering,answeringquestions,providinginformation,andsupportingthemthroughtherecoveryprocessattherefreshmentstable.Thespecialattentionyouwouldprovidehelpscreateafavorableimpressionthatencouragesongoingdonorsupport.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Alocalnewsreport. B．Ahealthcarebooklet.C．Alifestylemagazine. D．Adisasterreliefwebsite.22．WhatdoesaShelterVolunteerdo?A．Meetresidents’basicneeds. B．Providehealtheducation.C．Assistwithblooddonations. D．Organizecommunityevents.23．WhocanjoinDisasterHealthServices?A．Anycommunityvolunteer. B．Retireddoctors.C．Experiencedsheltermanagers. D．Trainedsocialworkers.【答案】21．D22．A23．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三种灾难救援服务及其具体工作内容和要求。21．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“SignUpforOurMost-NeededPositions(报名参加我们最需要的职位)”和第一段中“Intimesofneed,countlessvolunteersstepuptoprovidevitalassistancetothoseaffectedbydisasters.(在需要的时候，无数的志愿者挺身而出，为受灾群众提供重要的援助)”可知，文章主要是关于在灾难时期提供援助的志愿者职位描述，包括庇护所志愿者、灾难健康服务和献血大使等。这些信息与灾难救援相关，文章应该出自灾难救援网站。故选D项。22．细节理解题。根据ShelterVolunteer部分的“Sheltervolunteersworkdirectlywithresidentstoensuretheirbasicneedsaremetaswellashelpthemaccessadditionalservices.(庇护所志愿者直接与居民一起工作，确保他们的基本需求得到满足，并帮助他们获得额外的服务)”可知，庇护所志愿者的主要职责是确保居民的基本需求得到满足。故选A项。23．推理判断题。根据DisasterHealthServices部分的“Asalicensedhealthprofessional,you’llhavetheopportunitytoprovideessentialhands-oncareandeducationtothoseaffected,usingyourexpertisetosupportcommunitiesinneed.(作为一名有执照的卫生专业人员，你将有机会为那些受影响的人提供基本的实际护理和教育，用你的专业知识来支持有需要的社区)”可知，灾难健康服务需要持证的健康专业人员。由此可知，通常持有相关执照的退休医生符合这一要求，可参与该服务。故选B项。BAslongasIcanrememberhavingaphoneinmyhand,I’vebeenaterriblereplier.Whenanewgroupchatiscreated,thememberswillcometolaughatmyinabilitytorespondtoasimplequestioninamatterofhours.I’mnotahorriblereplierinallaspectsofmylife.Infact,Ipridemyselfonmyswiftresponsetimewhenitcomestoworkemails,mymanagerandmymum.“Callmeinstead,”Itellmyfriends.“I’mamuchbettercaller.”Theyknowifit’surgentandtheyneedme,I’llpickupandalwaysbethere.ButifIreadamessageandIcategorizeitasnon-urgent,thenit’sadifferentstory.Whenitcomestothegroupchats,theconversationsmovesorapidlythatifI’mnotpresentforfiveminutes,I’vesuddenlymissed67messagesconcerningdailymatters.BythetimeI’verespondedtotheirmessages,manyhavealreadymessagedback,andthenImentallyfiletheirnon-urgentmessagesawayinthenon-urgentcabinet(柜)again,andthustheproblematiccyclecontinues—theunavoidableiMessagequicksand(流沙).IwanttostressIdolovemyfriendsandIamgratefultobeincludedinallofthegroupchats.Isimplyfinditaheadachetokeepupwiththenever-endingstreamofmessagesthatwe’refloodedwiththroughouttheday.Inthesemoments,myfriend’smessagesgounansweredandIsometimesfeellikethrowingmyphoneintoalake,lyingonthefloorandstaringatawall.Alas,IrecentlyaskedmyfriendTullyhowshefeltaboutmytextinghabits.She’sthefriendyoucanalwaysrelyontogiveyouthenon-sugar-coatedtruth.“Youtakethreetofivebusinessdaystorespondifwe’relucky,”shetellsme.Ouch,butprobablynotwrong.“Tobefair,”sheadds,“whenwedoeventuallygetanansweroutofyou—youarealwaysdownfortheplans,youalwaysshowupwhenweneedyou,younevercancelandyou’reusuallytheonedriving40minutesacrosstowntoseeussouthsideso…wecanhandlethegroupchatsilenceinreturnforthatkindoffriendship.”24．Whatwillhappenifafriendsendstheauthoramessageinagroupchat?A．Theauthorwillrespondverysoon.B．Theauthorwillcallherfriendback.C．Itmightbedeletedandputintothecabinet.D．Itmightbeansweredinseveralhoursorevendays.25．Whatisthebasisfortheauthor’sdecisiononresponsetimetoamessage?A．Thequalityoffriendship. B．Thedegreeofurgency.C．Randomchoice. D．Timeorder.26．Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthethirdandfourthparagraphs?A．Thevalueofinterpersonalrelationship.B．Theimportanceofbeinginagroupchat.C．Problemswithgroupchatmessages.D．Methodsofusinggroupchatsinourlife.27．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Creative. B．Irresponsible. C．Lazy. D．Trustworthy.【答案】24．D25．B26．C27．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者面对海量的信息，特别是群聊里的信息，通常会将它们归类成不重要的信息抛掷脑后。而当朋友们有紧急的事情找他时，可以给他打电话，他从不吝啬自己的帮助。24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whenanewgroupchatiscreated,thememberswillcometolaughatmyinabilitytorespondtoasimplequestioninamatterofhours.(当创建一个新的群聊时，成员们会嘲笑我不能在几个小时内回复一个简单的问题)”和最后一段中““Youtakethreetofivebusinessdaystorespondifwe’relucky,”shetellsme.(‘如果幸运的话，你需要三到五个工作日才能回复，’她告诉我)”可知，当朋友在群聊里给作者发消息时，可能会在几个小时甚至几天后才回复。故选D项。25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theyknowifit’surgentandtheyneedme,I’llpickupandalwaysbethere.ButifIreadamessageandIcategorizeitasnon-urgent,thenit’sadifferentstory.(他们知道如果有紧急情况需要我，我会接电话，永远在那里。但如果我读到一条信息，并将其归类为非紧急信息，那么情况就不同了)”可知，作者决定对消息的回应时间是根据消息的紧急程度。故选B项。26．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Whenitcomestothegroupchats,theconversationsmovesorapidlythatifI’mnotpresentforfiveminutes,I’vesuddenlymissed67messagesconcerningdailymatters.(在群聊的时候，对话进行得如此之快，以至于如果我缺席五分钟，我就会突然错过67条与日常事务有关的信息)”和第四段中“Isimplyfinditaheadachetokeepupwiththenever-endingstreamofmessagesthatwe’refloodedwiththroughouttheday.Inthesemoments,myfriend’smessagesgounansweredandIsometimesfeellikethrowingmyphoneintoalake,lyingonthefloorandstaringatawall.(我只是觉得要跟上我们整天被淹没的没完没了的信息流是件令人头疼的事。在这些时刻，我朋友的信息无人回复，有时我想把手机扔进湖里，躺在地板上盯着墙看)”可知，第三段主要描述了群聊消息更新太快，第四段主要表明作者对源源不断的消息感到头疼，都是在说明群聊消息带来的问题。故选C项。27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I’mnotahorriblereplierinallaspectsofmylife.Infact,Ipridemyselfonmyswiftresponsetimewhenitcomestoworkemails,mymanagerandmymum.(在生活的各个方面，我都不是一个糟糕的回复者。事实上，当涉及到工作邮件、我的经理和我的妈妈时，我对自己的快速回复感到自豪)”和最后一段中““Tobefair,”sheadds,“whenwedoeventuallygetanansweroutofyou—youarealwaysdownfortheplans,youalwaysshowupwhenweneedyou,younevercancelandyou’reusuallytheonedriving40minutesacrosstowntoseeussouthsideso…wecanhandlethegroupchatsilenceinreturnforthatkindoffriendship.”(‘公平地说，’她补充道，‘当我们最终从你那里得到答复时——你总是按计划进行，总是在我们需要你的时候出现，你从不取消，而且通常是你开40分钟的车穿过城市到南边看我们，所以……我们可以处理群聊的沉默，作为对这种友谊的回报。’)”可知，作者总能快速回复重要的消息，及时地、可靠地帮助有需要的朋友。由此可知，作者是值得信赖的。故选D项。CFooledbyRandomnessisafamousbookinNassimNicholasTaleb’slandmarkIncertoseries,aninvestigationofluck,uncertainty,probability,humanerror,risk,anddecision-makinginaworldwedon’tunderstand.Nowinastrikingnewhardcoveredition,FooledbyRandomnessistheword-of-mouthsensationthatwillchangethewayyouthinkaboutbusinessandtheworld.NassimNicholasTaleb—seasonedtrader,renownedriskexpert,knowledgeablescholar,andNewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorofTheBlackSwan—haswrittenamodernclassicthatturnsonitsheadwhatwebelieveaboutluckandskill.Thisbookisaboutluck—ormoreprecisely,abouthowweperceiveanddealwithluckinlifeandbusiness.Setagainstthebackdropofthemostnotableforuminwhichluckismistakenforskill—theworldoftrading—FooledbyRandomnessprovidescaptivatinginsightintooneoftheleastunderstoodfactorsinallourlives.Writinginanentertainingnarrativestyle,theauthortacklesmajorintellectualissuesrelatedtotheunderestimationoftheinfluenceofhappenstanceonourlives.Thebookispopulatedwithanumberofcharacters,someofwhomhavegrasped,intheirownway,thesignificanceofchance:thebaseballlegendYogiBerra;thephilosopherofknowledgeKarlPopper;themodernfinancierGeorgeSoros;andtheGreekvoyagerOdysseus.WealsomeetthefictionalNero,whoseemstounderstandtheroleofrandomnessinhisprofessionallifebutfallsvictimtohisownirrationalfoolishness.However,themostrecognizablecharacterofallremainsunnamed—theluckyfoolwhohappenstobeintherightplaceattherighttime—heembodiesthe“survivaloftheleastfit.”Suchindividualsattractdevotedfollowerswhobelieveintheirmentor’s(导师)insightsandmethods.Butnoonecancopywhatisobtainedbychance.Arewecapableofdistinguishingthefortunatecharlatan(冒充内行的人)fromthegenuineinnovator?Mustwealwaystrytouncovernonexistentmessagesinrandomevents?ItmaybeimpossibletoguardourselvesagainsttheunpredictabilityofthegoddessFortuna,butafterreadingFooledbyRandomnesswecanbealittlebetterprepared.28．WhatisFooledbyRandomnessmainlyabout?A．Thesuccessofmoderntraders.B．Theimportanceofskillintrading.C．Theroleofluckinlifeandbusiness.D．Theimpactofhumanerrorsondecision-making.29．What’sthepurposeofmentioningthecharactersinparagraph4?A．Tohighlightthesignificanceoftheirachievements.B．Toemphasizetheirsuccessinthetradingworld.C．Toillustratehowfoolishnessalwaysleadstofailure.D．Toshowexamplesofthosewhounderstoodrandomness.30．Whatdoes“luckyfool”inparagraph5reallyreferto?A．Atraderknownfortheirskillandachievements.B．Ascholarfamousfortheirinsightsandmethods.C．Someonewhoowestheirsuccesstoskill,ignoringluck.D．Apersonwhofoolishlyundervalueshardworkanddevotion.31．Accordingtothepassage,whatmistakedopeopleoftenmake?A．Theyoverestimatetheirpersonalabilities.B．Theyfailtoseehowchanceaffectstheirsuccess.C．Theydependheavilyonguidancefrommentors.D．Theyoverlooksignificanteventsindailylife.【答案】28．C29．D30．C31．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布的著作《随机漫步的傻瓜》的主要内容，该书探讨了运气、不确定性、概率、人为错误、风险和在我们不理解的世界中做决策的问题。28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thisbookisaboutluck—ormoreprecisely,abouthowweperceiveanddealwithluckinlifeandbusiness.(这本书是关于运气的——或者更准确地说，是关于我们如何在生活和商业中感知和应对运气的。)”可知，《随机漫步的傻瓜》主要是关于运气在生活和商业中的作用。故选C项。29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thebookispopulatedwithanumberofcharacters,someofwhomhavegrasped,intheirownway,thesignificanceofchance:thebaseballlegendYogiBerra;thephilosopherofknowledgeKarlPopper;themodernfinancierGeorgeSoros;andtheGreekvoyagerOdysseus.WealsomeetthefictionalNero,whoseemstounderstandtheroleofrandomnessinhisprofessionallifebutfallsvictimtohisownirrationalfoolishness.(书中塑造了许多人物，他们中的一些人以自己的方式理解了偶然性的意义：棒球传奇人物尤吉·贝拉；知识哲学家卡尔·波普尔；现代金融家乔治·索罗斯；以及希腊航行者奥德修斯。我们还会遇到虚构的尼禄，他似乎明白随机性在他职业生活中的作用，但却成为自己非理性愚蠢的受害者。)”可知，第四段提到的人物都理解了随机性或偶然性的意义，作者列举这些人物是为了举例说明那些理解随机性的人。故选D项。30．词句猜测题。根据第五段“However,themostrecognizablecharacterofallremainsunnamed—theluckyfoolwhohappenstobeintherightplaceattherighttime—heembodiesthe“survivaloftheleastfit.(然而，最容易被认出的人物却没有名字——那个恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点的幸运傻瓜——他体现了“最不适应者的生存”。)”可知，“luckyfool”指的是那些恰好在正确时间出现在正确地点，即靠运气取得成功的人，而不是靠技能或努力。再结合后文“Suchindividualsattractdevotedfollowerswhobelieveintheirmentor’s(导师)insightsandmethods.Butnoonecancopywhatisobtainedbychance.(这样的人会吸引忠实的追随者，他们相信导师的见解和方法。但没有人能复制靠机会获得的东西。)”可知，“luckyfool”是指将成功归因于自身技能而忽视运气成分，实则是靠运气获得成功的人。故选C项。31．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Writinginanentertainingnarrativestyle,theauthortacklesmajorintellectualissuesrelatedtotheunderestimationoftheinfluenceofhappenstanceonourlives.(作者以娱乐性的叙事风格写作，探讨了与我们低估偶然事件对我们生活影响相关的重大智力问题。)”和最后一段“Arewecapableofdistinguishingthefortunatecharlatan(冒充内行的人)fromthegenuineinnovator?Mustwealwaystrytouncovernonexistentmessagesinrandomevents?ItmaybeimpossibletoguardourselvesagainsttheunpredictabilityofthegoddessFortuna,butafterreadingFooledbyRandomnesswecanbealittlebetterprepared.(我们能区分幸运的冒充内行的人和真正的创新者吗？我们必须总是试图在随机事件中发现不存在的信息吗？也许我们无法防范命运女神的不可预测性，但读完《随机漫步的傻瓜》后，我们可以做更好一点的准备。)”可推知，人们常常犯的错误是没有看到偶然性(即机会或运气)对他们成功的影响，即忽视了运气的作用。故选B项。DTheMalagasybaobabtrees,atypicalfeatureofMadagascar’slandscape,shouldhavedisappearedlongagoduetotheextinctionofitsformerseed-distributinganimals.However,itdidnot.SehenoAndriantsaralazaattheUniversityofAntananarivoinMadagascarandOnjaRazafindratsimaattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,nowthinktheymayknowthereason.Togetherwiththeircolleagues,thescientistsmonitored15treestofindnewbaobabseed-distributinganimalsinawesternMadagascarregion.Theyalsosetupcameratrapsaroundseed-containingfruits,andsearchedanyfeces(粪便)alongthewayforthepresenceofseeds.TheyreportinthejournalBiotropicathatanativeratwascaughtoncamerahandlingwholefruitsonfouroccasions.Althoughtherewasnorecordoftheratbreakingthefruitsopen,theteamfound13fruitsthathadbeenchewedintoandhadtheirseedsremoved.Thoughthebitemarkswerenotclearenoughtoidentifyaculprit(肇事者),thiswasclearevidencethataseed-distributinganimalwasoutthere.Theythenfoundconvincingevidence:baobabseedsinsevendifferentpilesofbush-pigfaces.Thediscoveryisnotwithoutirony(讽刺).ScientistsbelievebushpigswerebroughttoMadagascarbyhumanssometimebetween1,000and5,000yearsago,justastheformerseed-distributinganimalsweregoingextinct.Theirarrivalwasaluckybreakforthebaobabs,especiallyasscientistshavedeterminedaseed’sjourneythroughthepig-likedigestivesystemdoesn’treduceitsabilitytogrow.Whilethefindingisimportantinitsownright,italsoprovidesvaluableevidencethatintroducedspeciesmaynotbeentirelyharmful.Madagascar’spigs,forexample,thoughnotnative,havemadethemselvesessentialtothesurvivaloftrulynativespecies.SimilarrelationshipsaresuspectedtoholdinSouthAmericabetweenrabbitsnativetoEuropeandplantswithnoseeddistributors.ForDr.Andriantsaralaza,thatsuggeststhefullecologicalroleofintroducedspeciesshouldbeconsideredbeforetalkofextinctionbegins.32．Whatisthestudyaimedat?A．Monitoringendangeredbaobabtrees. B．Discoveringwhybaobabtreesstillexist.C．PreservingthelandscapeofMadagascar. D．Investigatinghowanimalsdistributeseeds.33．Whatledthescientiststoidentifytherealculprit?A．Theclearbitemarksonthefruits. B．Thenumberoffruitsbrokenopen.C．Wheretheremovedbaobabseedslay. D．Howanativerathandledwholefruits.34．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsintroducedspecies?A．Dismissive. B．Conventional. C．Enthusiastic. D．Fair.35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SpeciesSavers:MalagasyBushPigs. B．SeedDistributors:MalagasyBaobabs.C．EcologicalRoleofSeed-containingFruits. D．DisappearanceofSeed-distributingAnimals.【答案】32．B33．C34．D35．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家发现马达加斯加丛林猪虽然是入侵物种，但是间接保护了猴面包树，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。32．细节理解题。根据第一段“TheMalagasybaobabtrees,atypicalfeatureofMadagascar’slandscape,shouldhavedisappearedlongagoduetotheextinctionofitsformerseed-distributinganimals.However,itdidnot.SehenoAndriantsaralazaattheUniversityofAntananarivoinMadagascarandOnjaRazafindratsimaattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,nowthinktheymayknowthereason.(马达加斯加猴面包树是马达加斯加的典型景观，由于以前传播种子的动物灭绝，它早就应该消失了。然而，事实并非如此。马达加斯加塔那那利佛大学的SehenoAndriantsaralaza和加州大学伯克利分校的OnjaRazafindratsima现在认为他们可能知道原因)”可知，这项研究的目的是发现猴面包树仍然存在的原因。故选B。33．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thoughthebitemarkswerenotclearenoughtoidentifyaculprit(肇事者),thiswasclearevidencethataseed-distributinganimalwasoutthere.Theythenfoundconvincingevidence:baobabseedsinsevendifferentpilesofbush-pigfaces.(虽然咬痕不够清晰，无法确定是谁干的，但这是一个明确的证据，表明那里有一种传播种子的动物。然后，他们发现了令人信服的证据：在七堆不同的灌木猪脸上发现了猴面包树种子)”可知，取出的猴面包树种子埋在哪里让科学家们确定了真正的罪魁祸首。故选C。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whilethefindingisimportantinitsownright,italsoprovidesvaluableevidencethatintroducedspeciesmaynotbeentirelyharmful.(虽然这一发现本身很重要，但它也提供了有价值的证据，证明引入的物种可能并不完全有害)”可知，作者认为引进物种合理。故选D。35．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“ScientistsbelievebushpigswerebroughttoMadagascarbyhumanssometimebetween1,000and5,000yearsago,justastheformerseed-distributinganimalsweregoingextinct.Theirarrivalwasaluckybreakforthebaobabs,especiallyasscientistshavedeterminedaseed’sjourneythroughthepig-likedigestivesystemdoesn’treduceitsabilitytogrow.(科学家们认为，在1000到5000年前的某个时候，人类将丛林猪带到马达加斯加，当时这种传播种子的动物正濒临灭绝。它们的到来对猴面包树来说是一个幸运的突破，尤其是科学家们已经确定，一颗种子通过猪一样的消化系统并不会降低它的生长能力)”结合文章主要说明了科学家发现马达加斯加丛林猪虽然是入侵物种，但是间接保护了猴面包树，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。可知，A选项“物种保护者：马达加斯加丛林猪”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Baliisoneofthemostpopularislandsintheworldandcertainlyoneofthemostbeautiful.36Itsdramaticwaterfalls,beautifulgardens,ricefields,lakesandriversmakeBalianytraveller’sdream.ForeignarrivalsinBalihavegreatlyincreasedsinceitre-openedfortourismin2021.Internationaltourismarrivalshavealreadysurpassed(超过)theentiretyof2019bymid-2024,accordingtoIndonesia’sCentralStatisticsAgency.37Therefore,Indonesiaplanstosetamoratorium(暂停)ontheconstructionofhotelsinsomeareasontheisland.Theconstructionpauseispartofthegovernment’sattempttoreformtourismonBalitofightagainstover-tourism,tofocusonsustainabilityandtoincreasequalityandjobswhileprotectingtheisland’slocalculture.38Hesaidthatthegovernmenthasagreedtosetthemoratoriumalthoughtheexacttimelineisstillbeingdiscussed.Bali’sinterim(临时的)governorSangMadeMahendraJayasaidhesuggestedthemoratoriuminfourofBali’sbusyareas—Denpasar,Badung,Gianyar,andTabanan—tothecentralgovernment.AccordingtoseniorministerLuhutPandjaitan,themoratoriumcouldstretchupto10years.39Theseproblemssuchasfewerplacesforlocalstolive,wastemanagementissuesandcompetitionforjobsarehardtosolve.Videosofmisbehavingtouristsoftenbecomepopular,angeringresidentsandcausingstrongresponsesfromsocialmediausersinIndonesia.LuhutaddedofficialsdidnotwantBalitobecomeoverrunwithtouristsespeciallythosewhomisbehave.“Wedon’twanttoseericefie