2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练-2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷01广东专用（解析版）

2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷01（广东专用)注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABelowarestoriesofkidswhosawaneedintheworldandsetouttofixit.Hearingthestorieswillinspiregenerosityandcharityinyourownkids.JanineLicareandAislinLivingstone—KidsSavingtheRainforest:JanineandAislinwere9whentheysawtherainforestdisappearinginCostaRica.Dissatisfiedwithhowtheirdonationswerebeingspentbyotherrainforestcharities,theybegantheirownorganization—KidsSavingtheRainforest.AustinGutwein—HoopsofHope:At9,AustinwatchedavideoofchildrenwhohadlosttheirparentsduetoAIDS.Movedbythis,AustindecidedtoorganizeacharitycalledHoopsofHope.Throughsponsorships,theparticipantshaveraisedover$2.5milliontoprovidethosekidswithaccesstofood,clothingandshelter.However,HoopsofHopeisnowclosed.MackenzieBearup—ShelteringBooks:Mackenziewas13whenshebegancollectingchildren’sbooksforsheltersinandaroundAlpharetta,Georgia.Itsoonbecameafamilyprojectwithhertwobrothersworkingalongsideher.Intotal,theyhavecollectedanddonatedover360,000booksforsheltersacrosstheworld.AnnieWignall—CareBagsFoundation:At11,AnniebegantheCareBagsFoundationwhenshediscoveredthereweremanykidsincrisissituationswhohadtoleavetheirhomeswithveryfewbelongings.Annie’sorganizationcreatesanddistributesfabriccarebagsfilledwithessentialandcomfortingitemsforneedychildren.1．WhatmotivatedJanineandAislintostarttheirorganization?A．IdeasforvisitingtherainforestinCostaRica. B．Dissatisfactionwithhowdonationswereused.C．Inspirationfromotherrainforestorganizations. D．Determinationtoraisemoneyfortherainforest.2．WhatisspecialaboutAustinGutwein’scharityorganization?A．Itisshutdownnow. B．Itisinthechargeofkids.C．Ithascollectedmillionsofbooks. D．Itoffershelptoallchildren.3．Whomightbethetextintendedfor?A．Students. B．Parents. C．Donors. D．Teachers.【答案】1．B2．A3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个由孩子发起组织的公益机构。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Dissatisfiedwithhowtheirdonationswerebeingspentbyotherrainforestcharities,theybegantheirownorganization—KidsSavingtheRainforest.(由于对其他雨林慈善机构如何使用捐款感到不满，他们开始创建自己的组织——儿童拯救热带雨林)”可知，Janine和Aislin创建他们组织的动机是不满捐款的使用方式。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However,HoopsofHopeisnowclosed.(然而，HoopsofHope现在关闭了)”可知，奥斯汀·古特温的慈善组织的特别之处是现在无法进入。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hearingthestorieswillinspiregenerosityandcharityinyourownkids.(听这些故事会激发你孩子的慷慨和慈善)”可推知，文章的目的是通过这些孩子的故事来激发读者自己孩子的慷慨和慈善行为，因此目标读者是父母，故选B。BIn2019,PollyGreenblattsetaprofessionalgoaltointegratethedesignthinkingprocessintoclassroomcurriculums.Thisapproachfocusesoncreatingeffectivesolutionsforothersthroughdeepunderstanding,ratherthanemphasizingsuccessormoney.“Ithinkit’simportanttoincludeunderstandingothersincurriculumsbecausewe’vebecomesuchaglobalsociety,butweallstillkindofliveinourownlittlebubble.Someofourkidsdon’treallygooutsideofourtown,”saidGreenblatt.Greenblattdecidedthebestproducttodevelopwiththisprocesswouldbeapairofshoes.Shenoticedwhenfirstgraderstrieddesigningabackpackforafriend,theywouldfocusontheirownneeds.“Shoesweren’ttoofaroutoftheworldoftheirownlittlereality,buttheywerecompletelyremovedfromthemselves,”shesaid.Theconceptwasthatstudentswouldresearchthejourneytoschoolchildrenfromdifferentregionsoftheworldexperienced,thencreateashoedesignforthem.Thestudentswatcheddocumentaries,researchedandevenwalkedonLegoswithoutshoestobetterunderstandthechallengeschildreninotherregionsfaced.Tohelpdeepenthelearningonascientificlevel,Greenblattencouragedkidstouseanimaladaptabilityfeatures.“Elementarykidsdon’thavethelimitationsintheirbrainof,‘Oh,that’snotpossible,‘or’That’sgonnacosttoomuchmoney,”Greenblattsaid.“Onestudentcameupwiththeideathatlike,starfishgrowandifwemadeshoesoutofastarfishtypeskin,thatitcouldgrowwiththekidastheirfootwasgrowing.Ideaslikethatmightnotbepossiblenow,butthey’regoingtobe.”Oncetheirideasweregenerated,thestudentswereabletoputthemtothetest.Ifanideadidn’tworktowardtheirgoal,theywereencouragednottogiveup,butinsteadtogobackintheprocessandadjust,ortryanewidea.“Now,ourkidsareabletocareaboutkidsaroundtheworld,andliterallyputthemintheirshoes,wethinkourkidswillmakebetterglobalcitizensforourworld.”Greenblattsaidproudly.4．WhatdidGreenblattintendtodo?A．Distinguishherprofession. B．Teachmoney-makingmethods.C．Promotetheschoolbeyondthetown. D．Developstudents’globalawareness.5．WhydidGreenblattchooseshoesforherstudentstodesign?A．Torelatethemtoothers.B．Tochallengethemmentally.C．Toimprovetheirdesignability.D．Todrawtheirattentiontoreallife.6．HowdidthestarfishideasoundtoGreenblatt?A．Absurd. B．Creative. C．Practical. D．Costly.7．Whatwerethestudentsencouragedtododuringtesting?A．Concentrate. B．Supervise. C．Persevere. D．Compete.【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了PollyGreenblatt将设计思维过程融入课堂课程，以培养学生全球意识的教学实践。4．细节理解题。根据第二段““Ithinkit’simportanttoincludeunderstandingothersincurriculumsbecausewe’vebecomesuchaglobalsociety,butweallstillkindofliveinourownlittlebubble.Someofourkidsdon’treallygooutsideofourtown,”saidGreenblatt.(Greenblatt说：“我认为在课程中加入对他人的理解很重要，因为我们已经成为一个全球性的社会，但我们仍然生活在自己的小泡泡里。我们的一些孩子真的没有走出过我们的城镇。”)”和最后一段““Now,ourkidsareabletocareaboutkidsaroundtheworld,andliterallyputthemintheirshoes,wethinkourkidswillmakebetterglobalcitizensforourworld.”Greenblattsaidproudly.(“现在，我们的孩子能够关心世界各地的孩子，真正地为他们着想，我们认为我们的孩子会成为世界上更好的全球公民。”格林布拉特自豪地说)”可知，Greenblatt想要培养学生的全球意识，让他们成为更好的全球公民。故选D项。5．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Shoesweren’ttoofaroutoftheworldoftheirownlittlereality,buttheywerecompletelyremovedfromthemselves,”shesaid.(“鞋子离他们自己的小现实世界并不太远，但它们完全脱离了他们自己，”她说。)”和第四段中“Theconceptwasthatstudentswouldresearchthejourneytoschoolchildrenfromdifferentregionsoftheworldexperienced,thencreateashoedesignforthem.(设计理念是，学生们将研究来自世界不同地区的孩子们上学的经历，然后为他们设计一款鞋子)”可知，鞋子对于学生来说，既不完全脱离现实，又能让他们在设计时考虑他人的需求，有助于培养他们的全球意识，让他们关注到他人。由此推知，Greenblatt选择鞋子让学生设计是为了让他们与他人产生联系。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中Greenblatt的话“Onestudentcameupwiththeideathatlike,starfishgrowandifwemadeshoesoutofastarfishtypeskin,thatitcouldgrowwiththekidastheirfootwasgrowing.Ideaslikethatmightnotbepossiblenow,butthey’regoingtobe.(一个学生提出了这样的想法，海星会生长，如果我们用海星类型的皮肤做鞋子，它可以随着孩子的脚一起生长。像这样的想法现在可能还不可能实现，但将来会的)”可知，Greenblatt认为海星鞋的想法虽然现在可能无法实现，但将来是有可能的，说明她对这个想法持肯定态度，认为它很有创意。故选B项。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Oncetheirideasweregenerated,thestudentswereabletoputthemtothetest.Ifanideadidn’tworktowardtheirgoal,theywereencouragednottogiveup,butinsteadtogobackintheprocessandadjust,ortryanewidea.(一旦他们的想法产生，学生们就能够对其进行测试。如果一个想法不能实现他们的目标，他们被鼓励不要放弃，而是回到过程中进行调整，或者尝试一个新的想法)”可知，在测试过程中，学生们被鼓励要坚持下去，不要轻易放弃。故选C项。CIn1993,ashipsailedintothePacificOceancarryingnearly1,000poundsofiron,thendumpeditallintothewaves.Thenextmorning,thewaterturnedalittlegreenishduetonewlyemergedphytoplankton(浮游生物).Themicroorganisms,whichneedirontogrow,drawCO₂outoftheair.Fertilizingtheoceanwithironisaformofgeoengineering,asetoftechnologiesfascinatingfortheirpotentialtomeaningfullyimpactEarth’ssystems,andcontroversialforthesamereason.Astheplanetheats,geoengineeringisemployedtomanipulate(控制)itinnovelways,whetherresearchersmisttheskieswithseasalttoincreasehowmuchsunlightcloudsreflectorinventmachinestosuckgreenhousegasesoutoftheatmosphere.Engineeringhome-grownplanktonsoundslikealessdramaticapproach.Butthefieldissonewthatscientistsdon’tyetknowwhethergeoengineeringwithmicroorganismswouldreallybeagentlerformofclimateintervention.Microbes,afterall,playenormouslyconsequentialrolesintheworldaroundusandwithinus.ForthebestchanceofkeepingEarthliveable,scientistsneedtounderstandexactlyhowthemicroscopiccreaturesmightbeuseful,andperhapsevenpreferabletothemoresci-fiapproachestocoolingofftheworld.Onefavoredapproachcentersonmethane,agreenhousegasaccountingfor30%oftheriseinglobaltemperature.MaryLidstrom,aprofessor,isworkingongeneticallymodifyingbacteriathatnaturallyconsumemethane,sothatthemicrobespullevenmoregasfromtheair.Thebacteriawouldliveinsidefacilitiesknownasbioreactors.Theycouldbepositionednearknownmethanesources—landfillsandwetlands—tominimizetheamountofmethanethatmakesitintotheair.Scalingupanykindofclimateengineeringistricky.Significantlyslowingwarmingcausedbymethanewouldrequireabout300,000bioreactorstobeactivefor20years.Andthedownstreameffectsaredifficulttopredict,letalonecontain.Forexample,theironputintothePacificOceancouldhaveconsequencesforotherregionsoftheworld’sseas.Also,there’snearlyasmuchuncertaintyaboutintendedeffects.Scientistsdon’tknowforsurehoweffectivetheseconceptswillprovetobe.The1993shipexpeditions,forexample,didn’tstickaroundverylong;thejourneyswereexpensive,andscientistscouldn’tremainatseatodeterminewhatexactlywashappeninginthedepths.CarbonstolenoutoftheatmosphereshouldremainburiedforatleastacenturyformaximumimpactYetit’sentirelypossiblethatifthephytoplanktondoesn’tsinktodeepenoughwaters,itjustgetseatenbytheorganismsinthesurfaceocean,andthatCO₂justreturnstotheatmosphere.Thehottertheplanetgets,themoreattractivegeoengineeringwilllikelyseem.Shortoflarge-scalebehavioralchangesglobally,wedoseemtobecommittingourselvestoanengineeredsolutiononourcurrentroutes.Wemighthavetodecide,soonerthanwethink,whichleversweneedtopull,largeorsmall.8．Whatcanwelearnaboutgeoengineering?A．Oceaniron-fertilizationisonthehorizon. B．Sunlight-reflectionmethodiscost-effective.C．Methane-eatingbacteriaarebeingimproved. D．Gas-suckingmachineisatheoreticalconcept.9．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4aboutthegeoengineeringapproaches?A．Theirimpactontheecosystemisoverlooked. B．Theirimplicationsarehardtoanticipate.C．Theycallfordecadesofpreparation. D．Theyaremonitoredcontinuously.10．Theiron-fertilizationexperimentmayachieveitsintendedeffectsif__________.A．thetargetmicrobessurvive B．carbonisstoredseparatelyC．thephytoplanktongrowsfaster D．moredeep-seaorganismsaretested11．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowWillGeoengineeringBetterEarth’sSystems?B．HowtoCooltheWorldWithoutBlockingtheSun?C．HowtoStealCarbonwithSci-fiApproaches?D．HowCantheEngineeredSolutionDeliver?【答案】8．C9．B10．B11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球工程(geoengineering)这一技术，包括其向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在的不确定性和风险。8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Onefavoredapproachcentersonmethane,agreenhousegasaccountingfor30%oftheriseinglobaltemperature.MaryLidstrom,aprofessor,isworkingongeneticallymodifyingbacteriathatnaturallyconsumemethane,sothatthemicrobespullevenmoregasfromtheair.(一种受欢迎的方法是以甲烷为中心，甲烷是一种温室气体，占全球温度上升的30%。教授MaryLidstrom正在研究如何基因改造自然消耗甲烷的细菌，以便这些微生物从空气中吸收更多的气体)”可知，关于地球工程，有科学家正在研究如何基因改造消耗甲烷的细菌，即改进食用甲烷的细菌。故选C项。9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Significantlyslowingwarmingcausedbymethanewouldrequireabout300,000bioreactorstobeactivefor20years.Andthedownstreameffectsaredifficulttopredict,letalonecontain.Forexample,theironputintothePacificOceancouldhaveconsequencesforotherregionsoftheworld’sseas.(要想显著减缓甲烷引起的气候变暖，需要大约30万个生物反应器在20年内保持活跃。下游的影响很难预测，更不用说控制了。例如，进入太平洋的铁可能会对世界海洋的其他地区产生影响)”可推知，地球工程方法可能带来其它后果，其影响很难预测。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“CarbonstolenoutoftheatmosphereshouldremainburiedforatleastacenturyformaximumimpactYetit’sentirelypossiblethatifthephytoplanktondoesn’tsinktodeepenoughwaters,itjustgetseatenbytheorganismsinthesurfaceocean,andthatCO₂justreturnstotheatmosphere.(从大气中窃取的碳应该被埋藏至少一个世纪才能产生最大影响。然而，如果浮游植物没有下沉到足够深的水域，它很可能会被表层海洋中的生物吃掉，而二氧化碳则会重新回到大气中)”可推知，如果碳被单独储存起来，即不被表层海洋中的生物吃掉而回到大气中，那么向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长的实验就可能达到其预期效果。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Fertilizingtheoceanwithironisaformofgeoengineering,asetoftechnologiesfascinatingfortheirpotentialtomeaningfullyimpactEarth’ssystems,andcontroversialforthesamereason.(向海洋施铁是一种地球工程，这是一套因其有可能对地球系统产生有意义的影响而令人着迷的技术，也因此而引发争议)”可知，文章主要介绍了地球工程这一技术，包括向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在的不确定性和风险。故A选项“HowWillGeoengineeringBetterEarth’sSystems?(地球工程将如何改善地球系统？)”是文章内容的概括，最适合作文章标题。故选A项。DPenguinsswimwithspeedandgrace,butonland,they’reanadorablemess,liftingtheirfatbodiestoandfrotomoveonelittleleginfrontoftheother.However,thecartoonishwalkisamongthemostefficientintheanimalkingdom.Backin2000,TimothyM.GriffinoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyandRodgerKramoftheUniversityofColoradostudiedthebiomechanicsofthepenguin’sclassicwaddle(摇摆地行走).Theypersuadedfiveemperorpenguinstowaddleacrossaspecialplatformdesignedtomeasuretheforceofeachstep,alongwiththedirectionofthatforceandthespeedatwhicheachbirdwasmoving.Theyfoundpenguins’shortlegsandbigfeetmightnotbethebesttoolsforgettingaroundonland,butwaddlingisthebestwaytousethetoolsthey’vegot.Walkingefficiencydoesn’tjustcomedowntobonesandmuscles—it’salsoaboutthewayweusethem.Thehumangait(步态)isimpressivelyefficient,mostlybecausewefallforward,usingthehelpofgravitytopushusforward.Thatextrahelpsavesus65percentoftheenergyourmuscleswouldneedifwereliedontheirforcealone.That65percentfigureisknownasourenergyrecoveryrate.GriffinandKrammeasuredemperorpenguins’energyrecoveryrate.Itwas80percent--amongthehighestofanylandanimal.However,thatdoesn’tmeanpenguinsdon’tusemuchenergytogetaroundonland.Theyexpendtwiceasmuchenergyasanyotherlandanimaltheirsizeondrylands.Havingshortlegsandbigfeetthataredifficulttomovealongthegroundisthesteeppricetheypayforbeinggoodswimmers.Still,withtheirregularlongandhardjourneytonestinggroundsandtheeasewithwhichtheyhopoverobstaclesandclimboverslopes,they’renotdoingtoobadlyforthemselves.Infact,penguinsmayhelphumansoutinthelongrun.“Ourknowledgegainedfrompenguinsprovidesnovelinsightintothegaitmechanicsofhumanswithincreasedlateral(横向的)movements,suchasinpregnantwomenorfatindividuals,”Griffinsaid.“Thisinformationmayleadtoimprovedunderstanding,evaluationandtreatmentofindividualswithgaitdisabilities.”12．What’stheprimaryfocusofthestudyconductedin2000?A．Theenergyefficiencyofpenguins’walkinggait.B．Theforceusedwhenpenguinsswimandwaddle.C．Thepartsofthebodyinvolvedinpenguins’movement.D．Thereasonswhypenguinsswimfasterthantheywalk.13．Whyisthehumangaitconsideredefficientaccordingtothetext?A．Itminimizeslateralmovement. B．Itreliesheavilyonmuscleforce.C．Itrequireslessenergythanpenguins. D．Itusesgravitytoassistforwardmovement.14．Whydopenguinsconsumemoreenergythanotherlandanimalsofsimilarsize?A．It’sdifficultforthemtoadapttolandenvironments.B．Theirlegsaretooshorttosupportefficientmovement.C．Someoftheirphysicalfeaturesmakemovementhard.D．Theiruniquewaddlingstylerequiresmoremuscleeffort.15．Howmightthestudyofpenguins’gaitbenefithumans?A．Ithelpshumansconserveenergywhilewalking.B．Itincreaseshumans’speedoflateralmovement.C．Itprovidesinsightsintogaitmechanicsforcertainindividuals.D．Ithelpsdesignbettershoesforpregnantwomenandfatindividuals.【答案】12．A13．D14．C15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章揭秘了企鹅在陆地上的行走方式尽管看起来笨拙，但实际上这是动物界中最有效的行走方式之一。12．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Backin2000,TimothyM.GriffinoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyandRodgerKramoftheUniversityofColoradostudiedthebiomechanicsofthepenguin’sclassicwaddle(摇摆地行走).(早在2000年，加州大学伯克利分校的蒂莫西・M・格里芬和科罗拉多大学的罗杰・克拉姆就研究了企鹅经典摇摆行走的生物力学。)”以及第三段中“GriffinandKrammeasuredemperorpenguins’energyrecoveryrate.(格里芬和克拉姆测量了帝企鹅的能量回收率。)”可知，2000年这项研究主要聚焦于企鹅行走步态的能量效率，通过测量相关数据来进行分析。故选A项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thehumangait(步态)isimpressivelyefficient,mostlybecausewefallforward,usingthehelpofgravitytopushusforward.(人类的步态效率极高，主要是因为我们向前摔倒，借助重力推动我们向前。)”可知，人类步态被认为高效是因为利用重力来辅助向前移动。故选D项。14．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Theyexpendtwiceasmuchenergyasanyotherlandanimaltheirsizeondrylands.Havingshortlegsandbigfeetthataredifficulttomovealongthegroundisthesteeppricetheypayforbeinggoodswimmers.(在陆地上，它们消耗的能量是同等体型的其他陆地动物的两倍。它们有着短腿和大脚，在地面上移动困难，这是它们作为优秀游泳者所付出的高昂代价。)”可知，企鹅比同等体型的其他陆地动物消耗更多能量是因为它们的一些身体特征使得移动变得困难。故选C项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Ourknowledgegainedfrompenguinsprovidesnovelinsightintothegaitmechanicsofhumanswithincreasedlateral(横向的)movements,suchasinpregnantwomenorfatindividuals,(我们从企鹅身上获得的知识为横向运动增加的人类，如孕妇或肥胖个体的步态力学提供了新的见解。)”可知，对企鹅步态的研究能为特定个体的步态力学提供见解。故选C项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoImproveDebatingSkillsDebatingisasubjectivejudgment,sodebatersmayapplydifferentmethodsatdifferenttimes.16.Theycanhelpyougetyourpointsacrossclearlyandeffectively,leavinglittleroomforyouropponentstoquestionandinspiringresponsesandparticipationoftheaudience.StrategicArgumentsOrganizeyourthoughtsbeforeyouspeak.Beforeyoustart,thinkthroughthechronologicalorder(时间顺序)inwhichyouwanttopresentyourstatements.Then,startwithapowerfulstatementandsupportyourcommentswithresearchandviewpointsfromprofessionalsinthefield.17.Sothelistenersandopponentswillexaminewhatmighthappeniftheychoosenottosupportyourarguments.18Focusonwaysyoumightimproveyourbodylanguage.Signsofconfidencemightincludeafirmstandingposturewithfewmovements.Makeeyecontactwithyouropponentwhenpossible,butdon’tstarehimdown.Standstraight,soyouropponentdoesn’tthinkyou’reboredorlazy.Signsofnonconfidencemightincluderunningyourhandsthroughyourhair,touchingyourfaceandstaringatyournoteswithoutlookinguportappingyourpencilonthepodium.RespectfulTones19.Alwaysavoidwhispering,complainingandyellingsincetheyinformothersyou’reoverwhelmedbyemotionandcan’tpresentlogicalarguments.Increaseyourvolumeslightlytostressextremelyimportantdetails.Whenrespondingtoyouropponent’sarguments,useafirm,respectfultone.OpposingViewpointsAddressyouropponent’sviewpointshead-onanddon’tbeataroundthebush.Provetothejudgesandtheaudiencethatyouarewillingtoanalyzeviewpointsfromallangles.Youmightpolitelymentionflawsinyouropponent’slineofreasoningoraddressfactualerrors.Youcanalsoagreewithpartofyouropponent’sargument.20.Onthewhole,howtopersuadetheaudience,invokingintelligentresponsesandenthusiasticparticipationaredebatingskillsworthmastering.A．AppropriateGestures.B．ConfidentBodyLanguage.C．Concludeyourargumentwithconvincingdetails.D．Aneffectivedebateisorganized,strategicandpersuasive.E．However,someskillsgenerallyapplytoallformsofdebate.F．Meanwhile,showwaysthattheargumentdoesn’tholdupasawhole.G．Createandmaintainatonethatisrespectfulandeasytolisteners’ears.【答案】16．E17．C18．B19．G20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高辩论技巧的几个实用建议。16．根据上文“Debatingisasubjectivejudgment,sodebatersmayapplydifferentmethodsatdifferenttimes.(辩论是一种主观判断，因此辩论者可能在不同的时间使用不同的方法)”以及下文提到一些辩论的技巧，故E项（然而，有些技巧通常适用于所有形式的辩论）承上启下，空后的They指代E项中的someskills，E项符合语境。故选E项。17．根据上文“Beforeyoustart,thinkthroughthechronologicalorder(时间顺序)inwhichyouwanttopresentyourstatements.Then,startwithapowerfulstatementandsupportyourcommentswithresearchandviewpointsfromprofessionalsinthefield.(在开始之前，考虑一下你想要按照时间顺序来陈述你的陈述。然后，以强有力的陈述开始，并以该领域专业人士的研究和观点来支持你的评论)”中Beforeyoustart和Then可知，此处介绍辩论的过程，设空处应承接上文，且设空处的内容应能引出空后内容，C项（用令人信服的细节结束你的论点）符合语境，设空处及空前内容为空后描述情况发生的前提。故选C项。18．根据本段内容“Focusonwaysyoumightimproveyourbodylanguage.Signsofconfidencemightincludeafirmstandingposturewithfewmovements.Makeeyecontactwithyouropponentwhenpossible,butdon’tstarehimdown.Standstraight,soyouropponentdoesn’tthinkyou’reboredorlazy.Signsofnonconfidencemightincluderunningyourhandsthroughyourhair,touchingyourfaceandstaringatyournoteswithoutlookinguportappingyourpencilonthepodium.(关注你可能改善肢体语言的方法。自信的标志可能包括坚定的站立姿势，几乎没有动作。尽可能与你的对手进行眼神交流，但不要盯着他看。站直，这样你的对手就不会觉得你很无聊或懒惰。不自信的表现可能包括用手拨弄头发，摸脸，不抬头盯着笔记，或者在讲台上敲铅笔)”可知，本段介绍在辩论中关注和使用自信的肢体语言并具体介绍了自信的表现和不自信的表现，故B项（自信的肢体语言）最能概括本段主旨，且B项中的BodyLanguage呼应下文中的bodylanguage。故选B项。19．根据后文“Alwaysavoidwhispering,complainingandyellingsincetheyinformothersyou’reoverwhelmedbyemotionandcan’tpresentlogicalarguments.Increaseyourvolumeslightlytostressextremelyimportantdetails.Whenrespondingtoyouropponent’sarguments,useafirm,respectfultone.(总是避免耳语，抱怨和大喊大叫，因为他们告诉别人你被情绪所淹没，不能提出合乎逻辑的论点。稍微加大音量来强调非常重要的细节。在回应对手的论点时，使用坚定、尊重的语气)”可知，本段主要围绕“尊重的语气”这一主题展开，设空处位于本段段首，一般应能引出话题或概括段落内容，结合本段主要表述的是如何在辩论中通过控制音量和语气来有效地表达观点，强调应避免低声说话抱怨和大喊大叫，而是用坚定且尊重的语气回应对方的论点，G项（运用并保持一种表示敬意的、听者容易接受的语调）是对小标题内容的扩充，能概括本段内容，符合语境。故选G项。20．根据上文“Addressyouropponent’sviewpointshead-onanddon’tbeataroundthebush.Provetothejudgesandtheaudiencethatyouarewillingtoanalyzeviewpointsfromallangles.Youmightpolitelymentionflawsinyouropponent’slineofreasoningoraddressfactualerrors.Youcanalsoagreewithpartofyouropponent’sargument.(正面回应对手的观点，不要拐弯抹角。向评委和观众证明你愿意从各个角度分析观点。你可以礼貌地提到对手推理中的缺陷，或者指出事实错误。你也可以同意对手的部分观点)”可知，上文介绍在辩论时，要直面对方的观点而不是拐弯抹角。向评委和观众证明辩论者愿意从各个角度分析问题，辩论者可以礼貌指出对方推理中的漏洞或纠正对方的事实性错误，也可以同意对方的部分论点，F项（与此同时，要指出该论点整体上站不住脚的地方）承接上文内容，符合语境。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Over200residentsofBeckenham,southeastLondon,hadraisednearly£3000tosendPaulSpiers,awell-likedstreetcleaner,onasummerbreaktoPortugal.However,hecouldn’tgoonacrowdfunded(众筹)holidaybecausehis21,Veolia,hadrulesagainstacceptinggifts.Butthen,thetravelcompanyOntheBeach22aspecial“competition”withvery23entryrequirements:Youmustbe64yearsold,havethelastnameSpiers,beastreetcleanerinBeckenham,andbe24byyourcommunity.Notsurprisingly,Paulwon.Finally,Veolia25himtoacceptthe£3000holidayvoucher(代金券)asa“prize”.Paul’s26tohisjobwasevidentinthelittlethingshedideveryday.Forinstance,heoncefoundalostwalletwhile27thestreetsandwentoutofhiswaytoreturnittoitsowner,whothenexpressedgreat28.Hisfriendlygreetingsandcheerfulspirits29broughtsmilestotheresidentsheserved.Acompany30said,“Wehavenoobjectiontohimacceptinghiswin.Weareverythankfulforthesupportand31shownbythecommunitytoPaul,who,alongwithahardworkingstreetcleaningteam,32inkeepingBromley’sstreetsclean.”Paul’sstoryisanexampletothe33onepersoncanhaveonacommunitythroughdevotion.Theresidents’34torewardhimshowhowmuchthey35hishardworkandpositiveattitude.21．A．colleague B．assistant C．employer D．partner22．A．canceled B．created C．conveyed D．completed23．A．secret B．essential C．specific D．familiar24．A．respected B．accompanied C．evaluated D．declared25．A．advised B．directed C．appealed D．permitted26．A．dedication B．combination C．preference D．appetite27．A．wandering B．sweeping C．appreciating D．introducing28．A．impression B．promotion C．gratitude D．cooperation29．A．obviously B．constantly C．approximately D．exactly30．A．scholar B．participant C．committee D．representative31．A．achievement B．recognition C．commitment D．reputation32．A．comestolight B．hasagoodtime C．givesahand D．cutsabovetherest33．A．impact B．favor C．justice D．power34．A．tendencies B．requests C．efforts D．struggles35．A．persuade B．encourage C．analyze D．appreciate【答案】21．C22．B23．C24．A25．D26．A27．B28．C29．B30．D31．B32．D33．A34．C35．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述伦敦贝肯汉姆居民众筹让清洁工保罗度假，历经波折，其奉献获社区认可。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他不能去参加这个众筹假期，因为他的雇主，威立雅，有规定禁止接受礼物。A.colleague同事；B.assistant助手；C.employer雇主；D.partner伙伴。由下文“hadrulesagainstacceptinggifts”可知，这里提到威立雅对于接受礼物方面有规定，结合语境可知威立雅是他的雇主，对员工的相关行为有约束。故选C项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，海滩旅游公司创建了一个特殊的“比赛”，有非常具体的参赛要求：你必须年满64岁，姓斯皮尔斯，是贝肯汉姆的街道清洁工，并受到社区的尊重。A.canceled取消；B.created创造，创建；C.conveyed传达；D.completed完成。由下文“Youmustbe64yearsold,havethelastnameSpiers,beastreetcleanerinBeckenham”可知，这里提到这个竞赛有着特定的参赛要求，可知是旅游公司创建了这样一场特殊的竞赛。故选B项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，海滩旅游公司创建了一个特殊的“比赛”，有非常具体的参赛要求：你必须年满64岁，姓斯皮尔斯，是贝肯汉姆的街道清洁工，并受到社区的尊重。A.secret秘密的；B.essential基本的；C.specific特定的，具体的；D.familiar熟悉的。由下文“Youmustbe64yearsold,havethelastnameSpiers,beastreetcleanerinBeckenham”可知，这里详细列举的参赛要求是很具体、特定的。故选C项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，海滩旅游公司创建了一个特殊的“比赛”，有非常具体的参赛要求：你必须年满64岁，姓斯皮尔斯，是贝肯汉姆的街道清洁工，并受到社区的尊重。A.respected尊重；B.accompanied陪伴；C.evaluated评估；D.declared宣布。由上文“awell-likedstreetcleaner”可知，保罗是个很受欢迎的街道清洁工，即可以推断出他是受到社区尊重的。故选A项。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，威立雅允许他接受这3000英镑的假期代金券作为“奖品”。A.advised建议；B.directed指导；C.appealed呼吁；D.permitted允许。由上文“Veolia,hadrulesagainstacceptinggifts”可知，前文提到一开始因为公司规定不能接受礼物，而这里出现“Finally”，结合语境可知，最终公司允许他接受了。故选D项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：保罗对工作的奉献在他每天做的小事中体现得很明显。A.dedication奉献，专注；B.combination结合；C.preference偏爱；D.appetite胃口。由下文“heoncefoundalostwalletwhile7thestreetsandwentoutofhiswaytoreturnittoitsowner”可知，从举例他捡到钱包归还失主等体现他认真负责工作的事例来看，他对工作是有奉献精神的。故选A项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，他有一次在清扫街道的时候发现了一个丢失的钱包，然后不辞辛劳地把它归还给了失主，失主随后表达了极大的感激。A.wandering闲逛；B.sweeping清扫；C.appreciating欣赏；D.introducing介绍。由上文“PaulSpiers,awell-likedstreetcleaner”以及语境可知，这里指他在清扫街道的时候发现的钱包。故选B项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有一次在清扫街道的时候发现了一个丢失的钱包，然后不辞辛劳地把它归还给了失主，失主随后表达了极大的感激。A.impression印象；B.promotion提升；C.gratitude感激；D.cooperation合作。由上文“wentoutofhiswaytoreturnittoitsow