国家翻译资格考试试卷

国家翻译资格考试试卷一、词汇和语法（共20题，每题1分，共20分）1.TheUnitedNationsissuedanewreportonclimatechangethathighlightstheurgentneedforglobalcooperatioA.haveB.hasC.isD.are2.TheoftheneweconomicpolicyhasledtoasignificantincreaseinforeigndirectinvestmentinthepastfiveyearA.implementationB.implicationC.implemenationD.implemention3.Despiterepeatedfromtheinternationalcommunity,thecountrycontinuestodevelopitsnuclearprograA.persuasionsB.suggestionsC.protestsD.admonitions4.Whentranslatingcultural-specificexpressions,translatorsmustpayspecialattentiontothatmaynotexistinthetargetlanguagA.lexicalgapsB.vocabularygapsC.wordgapsD.dictionarygaps5.ThetranscriptionofthespeechwaswithmanyinaccuraciesthatmadeitdifficulttounderstandtheoriginalmeaninA.riddleB.riddledC.riddlingD.riddlewith请将下列短语翻译成中文（6-10题）：6.cross-bordere-commerce7.carbonpeakingandcarbonneutrality8.CommunityofSharedFutureforMankind9.judicialindependence10.intangibleculturalheritage请将下列短语翻译成英文（11-15题）：11.脱贫攻坚战12.绿水青山就是金山银山13.伟大复兴14.双循环新发展格局15.全过程人民民主16.Whichofthefollowingtranslationtheoriesemphasizesthattranslationshouldachievefunctionalequivalence?A.PeterNewmarkB.EugeneNidaC.JurijLotmanD.GideonToury17.Inthetranslationoflegaldocuments,themostimportantprincipleisA.readabilityB.creativityC.accuracyD.brevity18.The"threeprinciplesoftranslation"putforwardbyYanFuareA.faithfulness,expressiveness,eleganceB.faithfulness,accuracy,gracefulnessC.fidelity,fluency,eleganceD.fidelity,expressiveness,gracefulness19.WhentranslatingapublicspeechfromChinesetoEnglish,thetranslatorshouldprimarilyfocusonA.word-for-wordtranslationB.preservingtherhetoricaleffectsandemotionalimpactC.omittingredundantinformationD.addingexplanatorynotes20.ThemaindifferencebetweeninterpretationandtranslationliesinA.thelanguagedirectionB.themodeofcommunicationandtimeconstraintC.thelevelofdifficultyD.thetargetaudience二、英译汉（共1题，每题40分，共40分）Technologyhasbecomeaninseparablepartofmodernlife,transformingeveryaspectofhowwelive,work,communicate,andconductbusiness.Overthepastthreedecades,thedigitalrevolutionhasbroughtaboutchangesthatwereunimaginablejustagenerationago.Billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldnowcarrysmartphonesthatgivetheminstantaccesstothesumofhumanknowledge.Businessescanoperateacrossborderswithunprecedentedease,connectingsuppliers,producers,andcustomersinaglobalnetworkthatoperates24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Remotework,oncearareexception,hasnowbecomeamainstreamoptionformillionsofworkers,fundamentallychangingtherelationshipbetweenemployersandemployeesandblurringtheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife.However,thisrapidtechnologicaltransformationhasalsocreatednewchallengesandexacerbateexistinginequalities.Thedigitaldividebetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesremainssignificant,withbillionsofpeoplestilllackingaccesstoreliableinternetconnectivity.Inmanypartsofsub-SaharanAfricaandSouthAsia,lessthanhalfthepopulationhasaccesstobroadbandinternet,deprivingthemoftheeducationalandeconomicopportunitiesthatconnectivitybrings.Withincountries,too,therearesignificantgapsbetweenurbanandruralareas,betweenrichandpoor,andbetweendifferentagegroups.Youngpeoplegrowupasdigitalnatives,navigatingtheonlineworldwithease,whilemanyelderlypeoplestruggletousebasicdigitalservices,becomingincreasinglymarginalizedinanincreasinglydigitalsociety.Anothermajorconcernistheimpactoftechnologyonprivacyanddatasecurity.Everytimewegoonline,useamobileapp,ormakeapurchasewithacreditcard,weleavebehindadigitaltrailofpersonalinformation.Thisdataiscollected,analyzed,andmonetizedbytechnologycompanies,oftenwithoutourexplicitconsentorfullunderstanding.Theaccumulationofmassiveamountsofpersonaldatainthehandsofafewlargecorporationscreatessignificantrisksofdatabreachesandmisuse.Inrecentyears,wehaveseennumeroushigh-profilecaseswherepersonaldataofhundredsofmillionsofuserswasstolenorimproperlyused.Atthesametime,governmentsaroundtheworldareincreasinglyusingdigitaltechnologiesforsurveillancepurposes,raisingquestionsaboutthebalancebetweensecurityandcivillibertiesinthedigitalage.Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasaddedanewdimensiontothesediscussions.AItechnologiesarealreadybeingusedinawiderangeofapplications,frommedicaldiagnosistofinancialtrading,fromautonomousvehiclestocontentrecommendation.AIhasthepotentialtosolvesomeofhumanity'smostpressingproblems,fromcuringdiseasestoaddressingclimatechange.Butitalsoraisesprofoundethicalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork,thenatureofdecision-making,andwhatitmeanstobehumaninanageofintelligentmachines.Manyjobsthatarecurrentlydonebyhumanscouldbeautomatedinthecomingdecades,leadingtomassivedisruptionsinthelabormarket.Weneedtothinkseriouslyabouthowtoprepareforthistransition,howtoretrainworkerswhosejobsaredisplaced,andhowtoensurethatthebenefitsofAIaresharedwidelyacrosssocietyratherthanbeingconcentratedinthehandsofafew.Climatechangeisanotherissuethatrequiresglobalcooperationandurgentaction.Thescientificevidenceisclear:theplanetiswarming,humanactivityisthemaincause,andtheconsequencesarealreadybeingfeltaroundtheworld.Weareseeingmorefrequentandmoreintenseextremeweatherevents,fromdevastatinghurricanesintheAtlantictoprolongeddroughtsintheWesternUnitedStatesandtheHornofAfrica.Glaciersaremelting,sealevelsarerising,andoceanacidificationisthreateningmarineecosystems.Ifwedonottakedecisiveactioninthenextdecade,weriskpassingatippingpointfromwhichitwillbeimpossibletoreturn.Theeconomicandhumancostsofinactionwillbecatastrophic,withhundredsofmillionsofpeopledisplacedbyclimatechange,foodsystemsdisrupted,andentirecountriesthreatenedwithextinction.Thegoodnewsisthatwealreadyhavemanyofthetoolsweneedtoaddressclimatechange.Renewableenergytechnologiessuchassolarandwindpowerhavebecomedramaticallycheaperinrecentyears,makingthemcompetitivewithfossilfuelsinmostpartsoftheworld.Electricvehiclesarebecomingincreasinglyaffordable,andbatterytechnologyisimprovingrapidly.Wehavetheknowledgeandthetechnologytotransformourenergysystems,tomakeourcitiesmoresustainable,toimproveenergyefficiency,andtoprotectandrestoreforestsandothernaturalecosystemsthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Whatwelackisthepoliticalwillandthesenseofurgencyneededtoimplementthesesolutionsatthescaleandpacethatisrequired.Internationalcooperationisessentialbecauseclimatechangeisaglobalproblemthatnocountrycansolveonitsown.Greenhousegasemissionsanywhereaffecttheclimateeverywhere.Historically,developedcountrieshavecontributedthemosttocumulativeemissions,andtheyhavearesponsibilitytotaketheleadinreducingemissionsandprovidingfinancialandtechnologicalsupporttodevelopingcountries.Developingcountriesneedsupporttoadapttotheimpactsofclimatechangethatarealreadyunavoidableandtopursuelow-carbondevelopmentpathwaysthatdonotrepeatthehigh-emissiongrowthpaththatdevelopedcountrieshavefollowed.TheCOVID-19pandemicthatswepttheworldin2020demonstratedboththechallengesandtheopportunitiesofglobalcooperation.Atthebeginningofthepandemic,therewasalotofvaccinenationalism,withrichcountrieshoardingvaccineswhilepoorcountrieshadverylimitedaccess.Thiswasnotonlymorallywrongbutalsocounterproductivefromapublichealthperspective,becauseaslongastheviruscontinuestocirculateanywhere,itcanmutateandspreadeverywhere.Eventually,theinternationalcommunitymadeprogressinincreasingvaccineaccessthroughinitiativeslikeCOVAX,butwestillhavealongwaytogoinensuringequitableaccesstomedicaltoolsduringglobalhealthemergencies.Atthesametime,thepandemicalsoshowedushowquicklysciencecanadvancewhenthereisglobalcollaboration.ThemRNAvaccinesthatweredevelopedinrecordtimeweretheresultofdecadesofscientificresearchthatwassharedopenlyacrossborders.Thisdemonstrateswhatwecanachievewhenweworktogether.Thesamespiritofglobalcollaborationthatgaveusvaccinesinrecordtimeneedstobeappliedtootherglobalchallenges,fromclimatechangetoantimicrobialresistance,fromcybersecuritytopovertyreduction.Globalizationhasbroughttremendousbenefitstotheworldoverthepastseveraldecades.Hundredsofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenliftedoutofpoverty,globaltradehasliftedlivingstandardsinmanycountries,andthefreeflowofideas,people,andtechnologyhasacceleratedinnovationandeconomicgrowth.Butinrecentyears,wehaveseenagrowingbacklashagainstglobalization,drivenbyrisinginequalitywithincountries,concernsaboutjoblosses,andtheCOVID-19pandemicwhichdisruptedglobalsupplychainsandledmanycountriestoreconsidertheirdependenceonothercountriesforcriticalgoods.Itisimportanttorecognizethatmanyofthecriticismsofglobalizationarevalid.Thebenefitsofglobalizationhavenotbeenevenlydistributed,andinmanycountries,thegainsfromgrowthhavegonedisproportionatelytothetopwhileworking-classandmiddle-classfamilieshaveseenstagnantwagesanddecliningjobsecurity.Weneedtoreformglobalizationtomakeitworkbetterforeveryone,toensurethatthebenefitsaremorewidelyshared,andtoaddressthelegitimateconcernsofpeoplewhofeelleftbehind.Thisdoesnotmeanretreatingintoprotectionismorturningourbacksonglobalcooperation.Rather,itmeansbuildingamoreinclusiveandsustainableformofglobalizationthatworksforpeopleandfortheplanet.Inconclusion,weliveinanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld,andwefacecommonchallengesthatcanonlybesolvedthroughcommonaction.Theproblemsweface–fromclimatechangetotechnologicaldisruption,frompandemicstopoverty–areglobalinnature.Theydonotrespectnationalborders,andnocountry,nomatterhowpowerful,cansolvethemalone.Weneedtostrengthenmultilateralinstitutions,rebuildtrustbetweencountries,andworktogethertobuildabetterfutureforallpeople.Thisrequiresleadershipfromallcountries,butparticularlyfromthemajorpowersthathavethegreatestcapacitytoact.Itrequiresacommitmenttodialogue,compromise,andsharedresponsibility.Thefutureofhumanitydependsonourabilitytoworktogethertoaddressthechallengeswefaceandtoseizetheopportunitiesthatthe21stcenturybrings.三、汉译英（共1题，每题40分，共40分）中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，拥有悠久的历史和灿烂的文明，对人类进步作出了重要贡献。1949年中华人民共和国成立以来，中国走过了不平凡的发展历程，特别是过去四十多年的改革开放，彻底改变了中国的面貌。中国经济快速发展，社会长期保持稳定，近一亿农村贫困人口实现脱贫，提前十年实现联合国二〇三〇年可持续发展议程减贫目标，创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹。进入新时代，中国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。中国坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，推动高质量发展。中国的发展是全面的发展，不仅追求经济增长，更注重社会公平正义，注重生态文明建设，注重保障和改善民生，努力实现全体人民共同富裕。中华文明历来主张天下大同、协和万邦，中华民族是爱好和平的民族，中国的发展走的是和平发展的道路。中国从不侵略别人，从不称霸，即使发展起来了，也永远不会称霸。中国坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持互利共赢的开放战略，致力于推动构建人类命运共同体，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。在全球治理问题上，中国主张共商共建共享，反对霸权主义和强权政治，主张国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会平等成员，都有平等参与国际事务的权利。全球事务应该由各国共同商量着办，治理成果应该由各国共同分享。中国积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，推动全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。中国是联合国安理会常任理事国，一贯维护联合国宪章宗旨和原则，积极参与联合国维和行动，为世界和平与发展作出了重要贡献。面对气候变化这一全人类共同挑战，中国积极承担与自身国情、发展阶段和实际能力相符的国际责任，提出了碳达峰碳中和目标，承诺中国将力争二〇三〇年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值，努力争取二〇六〇年前实现碳中和。这是中国推动高质量发展的必然要求，也是中国为应对气候变化作出的重大贡献，体现了中国作为负责任大国的担当。中国大力发展可再生能源，积极推动能源转型，在太阳能、风能、水电等领域的装机容量都位居世界第一，新能源汽车产销量也连续多年保持全球第一。中国还积极推动国际气候变化合作，帮助