江苏省高二英语下学期期末考试模拟试卷03含解析

江苏省2020-2021学年高二英语下学期期末考试模拟试卷03（含解析）

总分：120分；考试时间100分钟

一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

A

Englishlearnersshouldnotthinkthatmistakesarebad.AlexPoole,aprofessorof

EnglishatWesternKentuckyUniversity,advisesthatlanguagelearnersshouldinsteadsee

errorsassignsofprogress.OnecommonproblemisthatEnglishlearnersthinktoomuch

abouterrorsinsteadofcommunication."Thegoalistobeabletocommunicateinpractical

terms.ITyouhaveanerrc”，theonIytimeyoushouldworryaboutitiswhenitleadsto

misunderstanding,Poolesaid.

PoolesaidwhenspeakingwithanativeEnglishspeaker,youcanlookforsignsof

confusiontodetecterrors.Forexample,whenapersongivesanunusualresponsetosomething

yousaid,youcanthenaskthemdirectlywhattheproblemis.Italsoworksifyouaska

nativespeakeraboutthekindsofthingsthatyousaythatcouldcausecommunicationproblems

ifyouknowhimwell.

Whenitcomestowriting,Poolerecommendsthinkingabouterrorsinadifferentway.

Hesuggestskeepingalistofcommonerrors.WhenEnglishlearnerswritesomething,instead

ofgrammars,theyshouldthinkaboutthebigpictureofwhattheyarewritingabout.Then

headvisesthinkingabouthowtoputthoseideasinorder.Afterfinishingit,youcango

backanduseyourlisttolookforerrors.

“Myphilosophyasalanguagelearnerhasalwaysbeen..I'mgoingtomonitormyerrors,

butrmnevergoingtobeperfect,sothatshouldn,tbotherme.ButIshouldlookforthings

whichcausecommunicationproblems,andIjusthavetolivewiththat.”

YoucanreadmoreabouterrorsinPoole*snewbookLearningaForeign

Language-UnderstandingtheFundamentalsofLinguistics.Inthebook,healsowritesabout

studyplans,progressandotherissuesinlanguagelearning.

1.Englishlearnersshouldworryabouterrorswhen

A.theymisusepracticalterms.

B.theydon*tknownativespeakers.

C.mistakesbecomesignsofslowprogress.

D.errorscausecommunicationbreakdown.

2.WhatshouldEnglishlearnersconsiderfirstinwritingaccordingtoPoole?

A.Grammars.B.Mainideas.

C.Details.D.Wordchoice.

3.What'stheauthor,spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainbasicrules.

C.Toofferpracticaladvice.D.Torecommendaprofessor.

B

Havingamicrochipimplantedinaman'sbrainmaybecommoninsci-fimovieplots,but

itmaysoonbecomeanactualpossibility.

ElonMusk-aUStechtycoon,founderofSpaceX-hasboonworkingonthistechnology.

OnAug28,Muskgaveadisplayofthechip,whichwasimplantedintotheheadofapignamed

Gertrude.

Thechip,developedbyMusk*scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin.Butdon'tlet

itssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes（电极）attachedtoflexible

threads,whichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons（神经元）.Itcollectsneuralsignalsfrom

anareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignalswirelesslytonearbycomputers,

accordingtoMSN.ThalenabledresearcherstomonitorGertrude,sbrainactivitywhileshe

waswalkingaroundinthedisplay.

Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystage,itisencouragingforhumans.This

technologywouldsolvealotofbraininjuriesandisessentia]forAlsymbiosis,which

willallowthehumanbraintocombinewithanartificialintelligence.

Whenthedevicecanbeappliedtohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohave

mobilitydifficulties.Muskhopesthistechnologycanalsobeusedtohelpthosewithhearing

andeyesightissues.

Althoughsuchadevicecouldrepairthoseproblems,puttingitintopracticeisbyno

meansapieceofcake.Currently,thedevicecantransmitsignalsfromabout500neurons

inthepig'sbrain.Comparedto80billionneuronsinahumanbrain,thisnumberistiny.

Andtocoverthewholehumanbrainalsomeanstheelectrodeshavetobemuchsnailer.

Also,implantingthechipintothebrainposesapotentialdanger.Thereisriskof

theimmunesystemattackingthisforeignbody.

Rightnow,thehopeofcontrollingthebrainviacontrollingafewneuronsseemsoverly

optimistic."Therearemanytechnologicalchallenges…toovercomebeforeNeuralinkcan

putitsdevicestothepurposes,“YuanLanfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversity

ofScienceandTechnologyofChina,toldChinaDaily.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutElonMusk'smicrochip?

A.Itwasinspiredbyscifimovieplots.

B.Itisabletocollectwirelesssignals.

C.Itistinyinsizebutpowerfulinfunction.

D.Ithasbeenimplantedintoahuman*sbrain.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagrapn3referto?

A.TheoperationofthechipinGertrude*sbrain.

B.Theattachmentofelectrodestoflexiblethreads.

C.ThedevelopmentofneuronsinsideGertrude'sbrain.

D.Thetransmissionofsignalsfromanearbycomputer

6.Whatisthemajortargetofthemicrochip?

A.Tomonitoranimals'brainactivity.

B.Tohelppeoplewithmobilityissues.

C.Todevelopacureforimmunesystemproblems.

D.TocontributetotheresearchonAltechnologies.

7.IlowdoesYuanLanfengfeelaboutimplantingtheClipintothehumanbrain?

A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Optimistic.D.Challenged.

C

Onceuponatime,sciencefictionwasjustastyleamongotherstyles.Therewerecrime

whistleblowerslikeEdwardSnowdensinkin.Thiscangivesci-fiwritingaaskeptical

（怀疑的）"feel.

Thisunderlinesoneofthefeaturesthatremainsconstantbetweenthebeginningsof

theempireofsciencefictionanditsstatetoday.

Asthen,sonow:Wewanttoreadabouthowfearfulthefuturewillbe,nothowitwill

beaparadise.

8.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,weknowthat.

A.sciencefictionusedtotaketheleadershipinliterature

B.horrorstoryandliteraryfictionhaveinitiatedsciencefiction

C.modernfictionreflectstheinfluenceofsciencefiction

D.sciencefictionisthedominantliteraturestyleatpresenttime

9.Whatcausedsciencefictiontoappearinthe19，hcentury?

A.Thecuriosityofyoungreadersaboutthefuture.

B.Thechcingesthattheindustrialrevolutionbroughtabout.

C.People,sstretchedimaginationaffectedbytheirrealIife.

D.People'sfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.

10.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowabouttheearlysciencefiction?

A.Itarousedpeople*scuriosityofscienceondailylife.

B.Itintensifiedpeople,sworriesaboutthesocialproblems.

C.Itpromotedpeople,sunderstandingofthetruevalueofscience.

D.Itconveyedanatmosphereofimaginaryanxietiestopeople.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Despitethecontent,thethemeofsciencefictionremainsthesame.

B.Thefearofouterspaceattackhaslongbeenaworryamongpeop1eoftimes.

C.Theappearanceofsciencefictionhascausedmisunderstandingamongpeople.

D.Sciencefictionisweakeninggovernmentpowerimplementedonpeople.

D

AmericanwriterA.N.DIVERSwasatarare-bookfairinNewYorkCityin2015whenshe

noticedaJoanDidiontitlesellingforjust$25.Thenshesawthepricetagofanovel

bytheequallyfamousCormacMcCarthy:about$600."Irealizedwodon,tvaluewomen's

workthesamewaywedomen,s,"Deverssays."It'sdepressing.Butit'salsoexciting,

becauseIcandosomethingaboutit.”

Threeyearslater,aftermovingtoLondonandjoiningtheU.K.'sboomingrare-book

trade,Deversopenedthereddoorsofhernewbookstore,theSecondShelf.Locatedina

quietcourtyardoffthebusystreetsofLondonTsSoho,thestorealmostexclusivelystocks

rarebooksbywomen(alongsideahandfulofmale-authoredbooksaboutwomen).Thefocus

ismodernfiction:ElizabethBowennovels,romancesbyRosamund。Pilcher,poetrybyNtozakc

Shangc.

Devers,skillforfindingoverlookedjewelswaspolishedduringachildhoodcfVisits

toyardsalesintownsacrosstheU.S.,aresultofherfamily'sfollowingherfather*s

AirForcejob.SomeofhermostsoughtafterrecentfindswereworksbyMiriamTlali,the

firstblackwomantopublishanovelinSouthAfrica.Devershitonher1975debutina

charitystoreandquicklysourcedandsold15moreTkilibooks.

Incollectingtheseworks,theSecondShelfiscorrectingahistoricalimbalancethat

hasallowedwomen,sliteraryachievementstobeeclipsed.Bookdealershavetencedtobe

men;muchofthetrade*searlymaterialwascollectedbyucountrygentlemenwhoranestates

andamassedlibrariesofbookstoshowtheirwealthandintelligence,wDoverssays.Sho

arguesthatthey'vebeenliketheirpeersinothermale-ledcreativeindustries-

includingtelevision,filmandthenewsmedia—inthat“theyfocusonthemselves.

ThatpastcontributestoaplainabsenceofwomenJsworkamongthebooksconsidered

tobevaluableculturalobjects.InJanuary,theSecondShelfwentviral(走红)onTwitter

afterDeverspointedoutthatonlyninebooksbywomenappearedinalist,producedbya

tradewebsite,ofthe500biggestsalesatauctioninthebooks-and-paperfieldlastyear.

Evenamongmorerecentlypublishedworks,a2018studyfound,titlesbywomenareonaverage

priced45%lowerthanbooksbymen.

Inrecentyears,callshavegoneouttoreadonlybooksbywomenforayearandfor

universitiestoexpandtheircurriculums.TheobservanceofWomen,sHistoryMonthinthe

U.S.hasalsomadeMarchatimeforpublisherstosuggestfittingreadinglists.Devers,

shopisthephysicalsiteofthatmovementchallenging:hecurrentsituation."W。'vebeen

taughttofindvalueinsomethingreallynarrow,vshesays."It'stimetoexplore

somethingdifferent.

12.Thefirstparagraphtellsthereaders_________.

A.whyDeversnamedhershoptheSecondShelf

B.howDeverswasexposedtorarebooktrade

C.whatmotivatedDeverstoopentheSecondShelf

D.whereDeversfirstcamoacrosswomen,sliteraryworks

13.Theunderlinedword“eclipse”inthefourthparagraphmeans.

A.fullyexposed

B.partiallyconcealed

C.seriouslytreated

D.roughlyexplained

14.Whichmayexplaintheabsenceofthegreatliteraryworksbywomen?

A.Thetradeusedtobedominatedbymen.

B.Womenwriters'ideasconflictwiththebookdealers,.

C.Malestendtobeproductiveinthecreativeindustry.

D.Themajorityofmalereadersdon'treadmodernfiction.

15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Inrecentyears,universitycurriculumshaveemphasizedbooksbywomen.

B.Women,sHistoryMonthhaspushedwomenwriterstobemoreproductive.

C.MorephysicalbookstoreslikeDevers'areneededtochangethesituation.

D.TheSecondShelfishelpingturnapageforwomeninliterature.

二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Forhumans,ignorance（无知）isinevitable（不可避免的）：It'sournaturalstate.

There*stoomuchcomplexityintheworldforanyindividualtomaster.Ignorancecanbe

frustrating,buttheproblemisnotignoranceitself.16.

AccordingtoDavidDunning,ignorantpeopledon'tknowhowignoranttheyarc.Ifyou

giveagroupofpeopleatesktodoandthenaskthemhowwelltheythinkthey*vedoneon

thetask.Poorperformersoverestimatehowwellthey'vedone;strongperformersoften

underestimatetheirperformance:Thisisbecausethosewholackskillsalsolackthe

knowledgeofwhatskillsthey*remissing.17.Thosewhohaveskillsknowwhatskillsthey

couldimproveon.

Ourignorance,ingeneral,shapesourlivesinwayswedonotknowabout.Putsimply,

peopletendtodowhattheyknowandfailtodowhattheydon，tknow.18.Peoplefailto

reachtheirpotentialsimplybecausetheyarenotawareofthepossible.

Thisisafactoflife.19.Wewon,tmissDisneylandifwedon'tknowit'sthere.For

manyexpensivethings,thelessyouknowaboutthem,thelessyou*11missthemandthehappier

you*11be.

20.Ifwedon'tknowaboutbirthcontrol,thenwewon*tuseit.Ifweremainignorant

aboutthehorrorsthataregoingonnextdoor,wewon*tdowhat'snecessarytostopthem.

AndifweareignorantaboutthedangerousthingsourchiIdrenaregettinginto,disaster

canfollow.

A.Ignorancemeansyouhaveneither.

B.Sotheythinkthey*reprettygood.

C.It'sthetroublewegetintobynotrecognizingit.

D.Butignorancehascosts.

E.It*sknowledgeofpossibilitiesthatmakesusmissthem.

F.Wecan*tchoosewhatwedon'tknowabout.

G.Inthatway,ignorancechannelsthecoursewetakeinlife.

三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从所提供的四个选项中选出最佳选项.

Therearemanytalentedpeoplearoundtheworld.Semeare21inbusiness,others

aregoodartists.Whateverthe22is,theremus:begoodideasinordertosucceed.

Becauseasinglepersonbyhimselfcan23assesshisideascritically,heneedsto

communicatewithanotherperson.

Todayyoucan24findpeopletotalktoonline.Extensivegeographycanincrease

your25tofindthepersonwhosharesyourinterests.Inthebeginning,itis26

tomeetasmanypeopleaspossible.Themorepeopleyouknow,thehigherthechanceyou

findthe27person.

Beforeyouimplement(实施)vouridea,itisnecessaryto28itwiththisperson

youfind.Inthiswayyougetanewviewofyourideaandrealizehowyoucandevelopit

furtheror29ittoimprove.Oftenthispersoncanshowyouwhatstrengthsand30

yourideahas.Itisgoodtcimplementanythoughtonycurown,butdoingitwitha/an32

iseasier.

Whenyouchoosesomeonetoexpressyourideas,32thepersonhasstrong

motivationtolistentoyou.Sheorhealsoneedstohavethe33totel1youwhat

isgoodandbadaboutyourideas.Chooseallthe34methodstofindthisperson.

Communicateyourthoughtstohimandyourlifewillbecomemoresuccessful.Soitis

importantto35yourideaswithsomeoneelse.

21.A.wealthyB.busyC.strongD.interested

22.A.partB.fieldC.caseI).advice

23.A.hardlyB.regularlyC.instantlyD.nearly

24.A.proudlyB.roughlyC.easilyD.actually

25.A.courageB.chanceC.interestD.hope

26.A.necessaryB.nornalC.possibleD.helpful

27.A.richB.friendlyC.properD.clever

28.A.argueB.discussC.coverD.travel

29.A.controlB.checkC.protect1).change

30.A.aspectsB.advantagesC.weaknessesD.exception

31.A.partnerB.guideC.adult.D.expert

32.A.tryoutB.makesenseC.workoutD.makesure

33.A.beliefB.abilityC.confidenceD.time

34.A.scientificB.traditionalC.availableD.various

35.A.associateB.exchangeC.provideD.combine

四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内直■词的正确形式。(每小题L5分，满分

15分)

ThestoryofAtlantisisoneofthe36.(old)mysteriesintheworld.Buthowdidthe

storybegin?

Morethan2,000yearsago,afamousGreekwriterPlatowroteastoryaboutabeautiful

islandintheAtlanticOcean,37.hecalledtheislandofAtlantis.Thepeopletherewere

veryrichand38.(success).However,astheygrewricher,theybecameselfishandgreedy

andtheystartedtoargueandfight39.eachotherandthepeoplefromtheotherislands.

Then,oneday,asa(n)40.(punish),ahugeearthquakecameandgreatwavescoveredthe

islandofAtlantisuntilitdisappearedunderthesea.

Forover2,000years,everyonethoughttheislandofAtlantis41.(be)justafantastic

storyuntilanAmericanpoliticianandwriter42.(name)Donnellystudiedthehistoryof

floodsandnaturaldisastersfromEgypttoMexicoandthoughtthestorywasaboutareal

naturaldisaster.Then,in43.late1960s,theruinsofanancientcityontheGreekisland

ofTherawerediscoveredbyaGreekhistorian.Whenthehistorianandhisteamexamined

theruinsoftheancientcity,theyfoundagroupofpeop1ehadlivedtherebeforeandthe

city44.(destroy)andburiedbyavolcaniceruption.So,wasTheratrulytheislandthat

Platohaddescribedinhisbooks?NOoneknowsandthestoryofAtlantis45.(remain)

amystery.

五、提纲类作文(满分15分)

46.假如你是李华，是某国际学校的学生会主席。你发现有些同学迫于同伴间的压力，在过生FI时

经常攀比谁买的生日礼物好。请你用英语写一封倡议信，发表在你校校园网上，呼吁同学们不要攀

比。

内容包括：

1.互相攀比的危害；

2.对生日礼物的建议；

3.向同学们发出倡议。

注意：1.词数80词左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dearstudents,

TheStudents*Union

六、读后续写（满分25分）

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词

数应为150左右。

“Iwishmymotherhadaringlikethosetheladieswearatthehotel,MsaidHiram

Greentohimselfoneday.Hiramwasthesonofafisherman,butthefishermanhaddiedwhen

Hiramwasalittleboy.Hiram*smothertookonsewingworktoearnmoneytosupportherself

andherson.Hehelpedherwhenhecouldoutofschoolhours,andduringveicationtime.

Hehadtwouncleswhohadtaughthimhowtocatchshrimp（虾）.Withthemoneyheearned

bysellingthemhecouldbuythingsforhisownuseorpleasure.Hehada"bank"almost

fullofwhathecalledhisashrimpmoney.”

Thesightoftheflashingdiamondsonthehandsofsomeofthesummervisitorsatthe

fishingvillageinwhichhelivedhadaddedanewarticletothelistofbeautifulthings

hismotherwouldownsomeday.Hehadheardthatjustonesinglediamondwassometimesworth

fivehundreddollarsormore.Thishaddiscouragedhimverymuch.

Butoneday,hehappenedtopassashopintheneighboringtownandsawanumberof

diamondringsdisplayedinthewindow.Hestoppedfascinated,andpressedhisfaceagainst

theglasseagerlytoseeifanypricesweremarkeduponthem.Imaginehissurprisewhen

hesawuponthelargestone-atag（标签）marked$4.75.Helookedagaintoseeifhehad

madeamistake.Perhapsitwas$475.00.Butno,heknswenoughaboutfigurestoseethat

hewasrightthefirsttime.

Hewenthomoasfastashecould,andranupintohisbedroom.Then,heopenedhis"bank”

andcounteditscontents."Threedollarsandtwenty-twocents!”hecried.’T11have

thatringbeforeanotherweek."Hiramworkedearlyandlateforthenextfewdays.Hecaught

moreshrimpsthanhehadevercaughtinthesamelengthoftime,andsoldthemreadily.

Paragraph1:

Attheendoftheweekhehadthesumhedesired.

Paragraph2:

YearsafterwardsHiramlearnedthatwhathehadthoughtwasadiamondwasonlyabit

ofglass.

参考答案

1.D

2.B

3.A

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国西肯塔基大学的AlexPoole教授对于英语学习者应该如何对待

自己用英语进行交流和写作时所犯的错误提出了自己的看法，并推荐了Poole教授的新书。

1.

细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句“"Thegoalistobeabletocommunicateinpractical

terms.Ifyouhaveanerror,theonlytimeyoushouldworryaboutitiswhenitleadsto

misunderstanding,，zPoolesaid.（Poole说：“我们的目标是能够以实际的方式进行交流。如果

你犯了一个错误，只有当它引起误解时你才应该担心。”）"可知，英语学习者在所犯错误导致交

流中断时才需要担忧。故选D.

2.

细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句"WhenEnglishlearnerswritesomething,insteadof

grammars,theyshouldthinkaboutthebigpictureofwhattheyarewritingabout.（当英

语学习者（进行）写作时，他们应该考虑所写内容的大意，而不是语法。）”可知，Poole认为当

英语学习者写作时，他们应该首先考虑主要思想。故选B。

3.

推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了Poole教授对于英语学习者应该如何对待用英语进行交流

和写作时所犯的错误的看法，且最后一段"YoucanreadmoreabouterrorsinPoole'snewbook

[.earningaForeignLanguage-UnderstandingtheFundamentalsofLinguistics.Inthebook,

healsowritesaboutstudyplans,progressandotherissuesinlanguagelearning.“提至lj

如果想了解到更多关于语言学习的内容，可以去阅读他的新书。因此本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。

故选A。

4.C

5.A

6.B

7.I）

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。介绍了在大脑在植入芯片听起来很科幻，但是马斯克的公司已经开始实施这样的

实验了。

4.

细节理解题。由文章第三段中的句子“Thechip,developedbyMusk'scompanyNeuralink,isthe

sizeofacoin.Butdon'tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes

（电极）cittachedtoflexiblethreads,whichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons（神经元）.

这个芯片是由马斯克的Neuralink公司开发的，只有硬币大小。但别让它的尺寸愚弄了你。据MSN

称，这种微型芯片有3000多个电极连接在柔性线上，可以监测大约1（）0（）个神经元”可知，这种芯

片虽然小但是功能强大。结合选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。

5.

词义猜测题。由划线词的前一句"Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,and

thentransmitsthosesignalswirelesslytonearbycomputers它从大脑的某个区域收集神经

信号，然后将这些信号无线传输到附近的计算机。”可知，这就是芯片工作的原理。根据语境，划

线词That就是指代这种过程。所以选项A“Th。operationofthechipinGertrudes

brain.格特鲁德大脑芯片的操作。”符合题意。故选A项。

6.

细节理解题。题干中的themajortarget与文章中的"itsmaingoal意义相同，可以快速在

文章中定位。由第五段第一句"Whenthedevicecanbeappliedtohumans,itsmaingoalwill

betohelpthosewhohavemobilitydifficulties.当这种装置能够应用于人类时，它的主要目

标将是帮助那些有行动困难的人。”可知，选项B符合题意。故选B项。

7.

推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“"Therearemanytechnologicalchallenges...toovercome

beforeNeuralinkcanputitsdevicestothepurposes,YuanLanfeng,anassociateprofessor

attheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,toldChinaDaily.”有许多技术挑战...

中国科技大学副教授袁兰峰在接受《中国日报》采访时说：“我们要克服这个问题，才能使Neuralink

的设备达到预期目的。”由此可知，袁兰峰认为这个技术很有“挑战性”。故选D项。

【点睛】

8.C

9.B

10.D

11.A

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与

以前的不同。

8.

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It's

difficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious“fictionthatdoesn,tinvolve

science.（但今天，科学主题主导了其他风格。很难想象有多少现代犯罪、恐怖或“严肃”小说不涉

及科学。）”可知，现代小说受到了科幻小说的影响。故选C。

9.

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fi

backtoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19，hcentury,

whenindustricilsocietiesarose.（尽管一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到古代，但更合理的说

法是科幻小说最早出现在19日纪，那时工业社会刚刚兴起。）”和"Allofthesechangeshadgreat

effectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.（所有这些变化不

仅对人们的现实生活产生了巨大影响，而且对他们想象中的生活也产生了巨大影响。）”可知，工业

革命带来的变化导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选及

10.

细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdid

hopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'

TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,Wellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnology

byimaginingEcirthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.（但科幻小说反

映的更多的是对科学的恐惧，而不是希望。这此典型的早期科幻小说可能是一部英国小说，如H.G.

Wells的《世界大战》（1897）。Wells以高超的技巧，通过想象地球受到来自火星的人类文明的威胁,

演绎了人们对科技的恐惧。）”可知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种想象中的担心和恐惧气氛。

故选Do

11.

推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthe

computingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcerned

withalittlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.（今天的科幻小

说表达了计算机革命、机器人和我们面临的环境挑战的影响，而对“来自火星的小绿人”和过去科

幻小说的其他主题关注较少。可推断，尽管不同时期的科幻小说内容不同，但主题还是一样的。

故选Ao

12.C

13.B

14.A

15.D

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Devers发现女性文学作品没有得到和男性作品同等的待遇，决定为

女性作品做些事情。

12.主旨大意题。由第一段中的"Irealizedwedon'tvaluewomenTsworkthesamewaywedo

men's,"Deverssays."It'sdepressing.Butit'salsoexciting,because二cando

somethingaboutit."可知，“我意识到，我们并不像重视男性工作那样重视女性的工作，"Devers

说。“这是令人沮丧的。但这也很令人兴奋，因为我可以为此做些什么。”由此可见，第一段告诉

读者是什么驱使Devers开设了theSecondShelf。故选C。

13.词句猜测题。分析本句可知，"hathasallowedwomen,sliterary