人教版七年级下册英语10单元知识点总结及练习题

人教版七年级下册英语10单元知识点总结及练习题同学们，大家好！经过一段时间的学习，我们迎来了人教版七年级下册英语的第十单元。这个单元的主题围绕我们日常生活中非常重要也非常喜爱的一个话题——“食物”展开。无论是在餐厅点餐，还是和朋友谈论美食喜好，本单元的内容都能让你用上不少实用的表达。下面，我将和大家一起梳理本单元的核心知识点，并通过一些练习题来巩固所学。一、核心词汇梳理词汇是语言的基石，掌握好本单元的词汇，能帮助我们更流利地谈论与食物相关的话题。1.食物名称(FoodNames)*可数名词(CountableNouns):hamburger(汉堡包),tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆),noodle(面条，常用复数noodles),egg(鸡蛋),apple(苹果),orange(橙子),banana(香蕉),strawberry(草莓),carrot(胡萝卜),vegetable(蔬菜，可作可数名词指种类)*不可数名词(UncountableNouns):beef(牛肉),mutton(羊肉),chicken(鸡肉，当“小鸡”讲时可数),fish(鱼肉，当“鱼的条数”讲时可数，单复数同形),rice(米饭),porridge(粥),soup(汤),bread(面包),milk(牛奶),juice(果汁),water(水)*既可数又不可数(用法不同):salad(沙拉，指“一份沙拉”或“种类”时可数；指“沙拉这种食物”时不可数),ice-cream(冰淇淋，指“一份冰淇淋”时可数；指“冰淇淋这种物质”时不可数)*用法提示：可数名词有单复数变化，可以直接用基数词修饰；不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接用基数词修饰，需要用量词短语，如abowlofrice(一碗米饭),aglassofmilk(一杯牛奶)。2.动词及动词短语(Verbs&VerbPhrases)*wouldlike(想要)=want(注意：wouldlike比want更委婉)*order(点餐)*eat(吃)*have(吃，喝；有)*like(喜欢)*dislike(不喜欢)*take(点，取)*help(帮助)e.g.,CanIhelpyou?3.形容词(Adjectives)*delicious(美味的)*favorite(最喜欢的)*hungry(饥饿的)*thirsty(口渴的)*different(不同的)4.其他重要词汇(OtherImportantWords)*some(一些，常用于肯定句和表示请求、建议的疑问句中)*any(一些，任何，常用于否定句和疑问句中)*bowl(碗)e.g.,abowlof...*glass(玻璃杯)e.g.,aglassof...*cup(杯子)e.g.,acupof...*plate(盘子)*size(尺寸，大小)e.g.,Whatsizewouldyoulike?*kind(种类)e.g.,Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?*dollar(美元)/yuan(元)*用法提示：价格表达用“数字+yuan/dollars”，如15yuan,5dollars。二、重点句型归纳掌握这些句型，能让你在餐馆点餐或与他人交流食物喜好时更加自信。1.点餐与提供帮助：*—CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?(我能帮你吗？)*—I'dlikesomenoodles,please./Iwantahamburger.(我想要一些面条。/我想要一个汉堡包。)*—MayItakeyourorder?(可以点餐了吗？)*—Yes,I'dlike...(是的，我想要……)2.询问及表达喜好：*—Whatwouldyoulike?(你想要什么？)*—I'dlike(tohave)abowlofbeefnoodles.(我想要一碗牛肉面。)*—Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?(你想要哪种面条？)*—I'dliketomatoandeggnoodles.(我想要西红柿鸡蛋面。)*—Whatsizewouldyoulike?(你想要多大份的？)*—Large,mediumorsmall?(大份、中份还是小份？)*—I'dlikealargebowl,please.(我想要大份的。)*—Doyoulike...?(你喜欢……吗？)*—Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Ilike...(是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。我喜欢……)*Myfavoritefoodis...(我最喜欢的食物是……)3.询问对方意愿（提出建议或邀请）：*Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?(你想吃/喝点什么吗？)*Wouldyoulikesometea?(你想喝点茶吗？)4.谈论食物数量：*—Howmanytomatoesdoyouneed?(你需要多少个西红柿？)(询问可数名词数量)*—Two,please.(两个。)*—Howmuchbeefwouldyoulike?(你想要多少牛肉？)(询问不可数名词数量)*—Onebowl,please.(一碗。)/Alittle,please.(一点点。)三、语法聚焦本单元的语法重点在于可数名词与不可数名词以及some与any的用法。1.可数名词(CountableNouns,C.N.)与不可数名词(UncountableNouns,U.N.)*可数名词：可以一个一个数的名词，有单数和复数形式。*单数：atomato,anegg,apotato*复数：tomatoes,eggs,potatoes(规则变化加-s或-es；不规则变化需特殊记忆，如man-men,child-children等，本单元暂不涉及太多)*修饰词：many,afew,few,some,any,one,two...*不可数名词：不能直接数，通常指物质、抽象概念等。没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数。*如：rice,water,beef,milk,bread*修饰词：much,alittle,little,some,any*表示数量时，需借助“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构。*e.g.,aglassofmilk(一杯牛奶),twobowlsofrice(两碗米饭),threepiecesofbread(三片面包)*小贴士：有些名词既是可数名词也是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。例如：*chicken(U.N.鸡肉;C.N.小鸡)*fish(U.N.鱼肉;C.N.鱼，单复数同形)2.some与any的用法*some:一般用于肯定句中，表示“一些”。也可用于表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。*Ihavesomeapples.(肯定句)*Wouldyoulikesometea?(表示建议，希望得到肯定回答)*CanIhavesomenoodles?(表示请求)*any:一般用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“一些”或“任何”。*Idon'thaveanymoney.(否定句)*Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?(疑问句)*Youcantakeanybookyoulike.(任何，用于肯定句)四、练习题I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1.I'mh______.Iwantsomethingtoeat.2.Whats______bowlofnoodleswouldyoulike,smallormedium?3.Myfavoritef______isdumplings.Theyaredelicious.4.—Wouldyoulikesome______(牛肉)inyoursoup?—Yes,please.5.Shelikeseating______(西红柿)andeggsforbreakfast.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.I'dliketwo______(potato),please.7.Howmany______(orange)doyouneed?8.Thereissome______(milk)intheglass.9.Hewantsthree______(bowl)ofrice.10.Doyouhave______(some)bread?II.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1.I'dlikealargebowlofnoodles.(对划线部分提问)____________bowlofnoodles______youlike?2.Shewantssometomatonoodles.(改为同义句)She____________sometomatonoodles.3.Hewouldlikesomebeef.(改为一般疑问句)______he____________beef?4.Theylikemutton.(改为否定句)They____________mutton.III.单项选择(MultipleChoice)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.—Whatwouldyoulike______?—Somemilk,please.A.eatB.toeatC.drinkD.todrink2.—Wouldyoulikesome______?—No,thanks.Idon'tlikesweetthings.A.strawberriesB.saladC.ice-creamD.carrots3.There______somebeefandtwoeggsonthetable.A.isB.areC.amD.be4.—How______istheT-shirt?—It's80______.A.many;yuanB.much;yuansC.much;yuanD.many;yuans5.—CanIhelpyou?—______.Iwantahamburger.根据对话内容，在空白处填入适当的句子，使对话完整、通顺。A:Goodafternoon!1.____________________?B:Yes,please.I'dliketoordersomefood.A:Sure.2.____________________?B:I'dlikeabowlofchickennoodles.A:3.____________________?B:Amediumbowl,please.A:4.____________________?Wehavebeef,tomatoandcabbage.B:Tomato,please.Iliketomatoes.A:OK.Amediumbowloftomatoandchickennoodles.5.____________________?Somethingtodrink?B:Yes,aglassoforangejuice,please.B:Thankyou.五、练习题参考答案及部分解析I.词汇运用A)1.hungry2.size3.food4.beef5.tomatoesB)6.potatoes(potato的复数加-es)7.oranges8.milk(不可数名词)9.bowls(three修饰，用复数)10.any(疑问句中用any)II.句型转换1.Whatsize;would(对尺寸提问用Whatsize)2.wouldlike(I'dlike=Iwouldlike;want=wouldlike)3.Would;likesome(wouldlike变一般疑问句，将would提前；表示请求希望得到肯定回答，疑问句中用some)4.don'tlike(实义动词like的否定，借助助动词do+not)III.单项选择1.D(wouldliketodosth.想要做某事；由答语milk可知是喝的)2.C(由sweetthings可知是甜食，ice-cream符合)3.A(there