模块四　第10讲　定语从句

语法精析•洞悉考情语法精讲•把握规律第10讲定语从句语法精析•洞悉考情【考情探究】近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查共计3次,主要考查:速览考频新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷202420232022关系代词引导的定语从句201“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句000关系副词引导的定语从句000【备考策略】语法填空对定语从句的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,需要注意:1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2.关系词应遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句中用which。(4)如果先行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人,则关系代词用whom;如果先行词指物,则用which。语法精讲•把握规律考点一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语as人或物主语、宾语、表语1.限制性定语从句中,当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。※IfIrunintoanything

thatmightinterestyou,I’llsendityourway.※Wecannotsaythatnone

thatwesawonTVweretrue.(2)先行词被theonly,any,few,no,very等修饰时。※Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristhe

only

thing

thatheowned.(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。※Thatisthe

best

film

thathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.※WhenitcomestoJinan,the

first

thatcomestomindisthespringwater.(4)先行词既有人又有物时。※Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthings

and

persons

thattheyrememberedintheschool.(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。※Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。※Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。※Crusoe’sdog,whichwasveryold,becameillanddied.3.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which关系代词位置不同表意不同as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等※Asisknowntoall,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.※John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.※Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.【活学活用】(1)(2024·浙江模拟)Manyofthechemicalsinfireworksarealsopersistentintheenvironment,________

meanstheystubbornlysitthereinsteadofbreakingdown.(2)(2024·重庆模拟)ThecranberriessurprisedalotofChinesepeople,evenmanyfromHeilongjiangProvince,_______

didn’trealizethatthefruitiscultivatedintheregion.(3)(2024·南昌模拟)Ateamofarchaeologistsreportedfindinganearthenwarebowl____________

contained4,000-year-oldnoodlesattheLajiaarchaeologicalsite.whichwhothat/which(4)(2024·南通模拟)“TheChineselanguageisincreasinglybecomingtheverybond______

linksfriendlyrelationsbetweenChinaandtheworld,particularlySlovenia,andpromotesmutualunderstandingandtrustbetweenChineseandSlovenianpeople,”ChineseAmbassadortoSloveniaWangShunqingsaid.(5)(2024·扬州模拟)Thissmoothprogressshouldbeowedtoscientistsandengineersandallthose_______

devotionandhardworkhasmadethespacestationareality.(6)(2024·湖南模拟)Theyarethesharpestweapons______

haveeverbeenproduced.thatwhosethat考点二“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若是表示人,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,就只能用which。如:※Whereisthesupermarketin

whichyouboughtthelaptoplastweek?※Doyouknowtheladywith

whomourmanageristalkingintheoffice?【点津】

在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可缩写成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。※Shehadsomemoneyinthebank,withwhichshecouldhelphermother.※Shehadsomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.【活学活用】(1)(2024·衡阳模拟)Fanswereastonishedbyhernewfoundjawline,manyof_______

remarkedonherradiantappearance.(2)(2024·宿迁模拟)Theprocessinvolvesstoneselection,materialscreening,shapedesigning,carvingandwoodenboxmatching,among________

stoneselectionandcarvingarethetwomostimportantsteps.(3)(2024·昆明模拟)Specifically,asmanyas9to15dancersuselongpolestoguidethedragon’sheadandsnakelikebody,thetricksof________

areoftenjumpsormovesthatmakethedragonturninvarietiesofways.whomwhichwhom(4)(2024·开封模拟)Inadditiontotheshipwrecks,avarietyofartifacts,includingpottery,porcelainandironware,havebeenunearthed,mostof________

weremadeinkilns(窑炉)inJingdezhen,Jiangxiprovince,knownasChina’s“porcelaincapital”.(5)(2024·江苏模拟改编)ItwasfirstdiscoveredinthewoodenstructureoftheHemudusiteat________

theancestorslivedmorethan7,000yearsago.whichwhich考点三关系副词引导的定语从句定语从句中关系副词有when,where,why代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。※Sherememberedclearlythatdaywhenshe’dgoneexploringtherockpools.※ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.※I’mwritingtoexplaintoyouthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromyourlecturelasttime.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。※Thereareoccasionswhen(=on

which)onemustyield.※Beijingistheplacewhere(=in

which)Iwasborn.※Isthisthereasonwhy(=for

which)herefusedouroffer?【活学活用】(1)(2024·学军中学模拟)ForthosewhocannotmakeittoGuanghan,_________

theextensivesiteofSanxingduiislocated,animmersiveexhibitionequippedwithdigitaltechnology,titledHelloSanxingdui,offersanalternativemeanstobeawedbythemagnificenceofthisBronzeAgeculture.(2)(2024·福州模拟)Itswell-preservedangularrockshapeswereformedbythreeviolentmovementsintheearth’scrust,andthemostrecenthappened570millionyearsago,________theHimalayasandtheentireQinlingRangeweresubmergedunderthesea.wherewhen

(3)(2024·福州模拟)ApassionateadmirerofChineseheritage,LillianbeganherjourneytolearnaboutChinainthe1990s,atime________shedeeplyengagedherselfinexploringChina’srichculture.(4)(2024·重庆模拟)LiuXinsheng,astudentinaruralschoolinZibo,Shandongprovince,________

theEnglishteachingresourcesarelimited,hasbeenlearningEnglishthroughasmallterminal(终端机)onadailybasis.(5)(2024·怀化模拟)SittinginQuanzhoucity,________theancientMaritimeSilkRoadstarted,DehuawhiteporcelainhassoldlikehotcakesathomeandabroadsincetheSongDynasty.when

wherewhere

(6)(2024·衡阳模拟)Tohelpachieveherpotential,herparentsenrolledherinalocaloperaschool,________

shereceivedrigoroustrainingundertheguidanceofskilledteachers.where考点四定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语),则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样,分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。谓语动词用主动语态的,用现在分词作定语;用被动语态的,用过去分词作定语。如:※Weliveinahousewhich/that

facesthesouth.→Weliveinahousefacingthesouth.※Thefirsttextbooksthat

were