北京市朝阳区北京中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中英语试题（含答案）

北京市朝阳区北京中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期中英语试题一、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MayaRodriguez,ashygirl,hadalwaysbeenmorecomfortablewithpaintbrushesthanpeople.Herartteacherrecognizedsomething___1___inMaya’sabilitytodescribenotjustfaces,butsouls.“Youdon’tjustdrawpeople,”shetoldMayaonce,“you___2___theirinnerlandscape.”Asgraduationapproached,Mayahadacrazyidea.Whatifshecouldpaintaportraitforeveryoneofherclassmates?Sheworkedsecretly,___3___momentsbetweenclassesandduringlunchbreaks.SomeclassmatesknewMayawasanartist,butnonesuspectedsuchamassiveproject.Ongraduationday,Maya___4___thepodium(讲台)nervously.Theclassroombecamequietasshebeganspeakingaboutconnectionandthestoriestheycarriedinsidethem.“Lookunderyourchairs,”shesaid___5___.Asallherclassmatesdiscoveredthecarefullywrappedpictures,theroomtransformed.Tears,laughter,amazedsilence—each___6___wasasuniqueastheportraitsthemselves.HerbestfriendSophia’sportraitshowedhermedicaltextbooksanddanceshoes,describinghercomplex___7___.“Thesearen’tjustpaintings,”Mayasaid,hervoicegainingstrengthgradually.“Theseare___8___showingeachofyouhowremarkableyoutrulyare.”Thestandingapplauselastedseveralminutes.Mayarealizedherabilitytohelppeople___9___themselveswithcompassion,curiosityandwonder.Herartwasabridge—connectingheartsandturninga(n)___10___highschoolgraduationintoacelebrationofhumanpotential.1.A．strangeB．funnyC．universalD．special2.A．revealB．appreciateC．restoreD．tolerate3.A．ruiningB．stealingC．missingD．remembering4.A．putawayB．lookedintoC．steppedontoD．pulleddown5.A．softlyB．pleasinglyC．secretlyD．arrogantly6.A．reliefB．reactionC．performanceD．pose7.A．testsB．rulesC．dreamsD．tricks8.A．traditionsB．marksC．artworksD．mirrors9.A．viewB．engageC．respectD．amuse10.A．casualB．simpleC．routineD．indifferent二、选词填空从方框内选择恰当的单词或短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。accessbendextinctdecreasedestroychaseincontrasttosetoutdragawayatrisk11.Kids___11___aroundthehouseshouldpayattentiontotheirsafety.12.EachroomcomeswithitsownbathroomandInternet___12___.13.He___13___downandpickedupabookfromthefloor.14.Thefallentree___14___fromthemainroadafterthewildwind.15.___15___hiswife,Bushhaslittleappetiteforforeigntravel.16.Thefloodwentalloverthefieldandquiteafewvillagesalongtheriver___16___.17.___17___,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.18.Lookattheunemployment.It___18___rapidlyinthelastfewmonths.19.ThemomentIgothome,I___19___tolearnEnglish.20.Ifwegotothewar,innocentliveswillbeput___20___.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。21.Thatevening,___21___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.22.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without___22___helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof___23___havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.24.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,___24___urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.25.Ashipintheharborissafe,butthat’snot___25___shipsarebuiltfor.26.ThatwasreallythefirsttimeI___26___toexplainsciencetoanaudience.(try)27.Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit___27___whenIarrived.(start)28.Unlesssomeextramoney___28___,thetheaterwillclose.(find)29.Personalangerandstressarenothing___29___totherealcostssocially.(compare)30.Inthelast500millionyears,there___30___fivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended.(be)四、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOurbrainsneedchallengingtaskstostaysharp.Andthankfully,there’sanappforthat—many,actually.AlvaroFernando,CEOofmarket-researchfirmSharp-Brains,suggeststryingonesotherthanthegamesyouusuallyplay.“Ifyou’redoingsomethingthatbringsnovelty,varietyandalevelofeffort,you’reontherightpath.”Herearethreeappstogetyourbraingoing—andthreemoretohelpitgearbackdown.BrainHQThisappservesupshortteststoidentifyyourweakspots—beitattention,memoryorbrainspeed—andthenofferssuitablegamestohelpyouimprove.Studieshaveshownusershavethememoryofaperson10yearsyounger,andhaveaneasiertimefollowingaconversationinacrowdedroom.LumosityLaunchedin2007,thispopularappwithover100millionusersoffersdozensofgamesandpuzzlesthatfocusondifferentbrainskills.Completinganagrampuzzleswillhelpbuildyourproblem-solvingabilities,matchinggamesboostmemory,andreorderingnumbershonesyourmasteryofmath.CognifitThisappoffersfunbraingamesthathelpboostadozenskills,includingconcentration.memory,reasoningandcoordination.(Itevenpromisestohelpyoubecomeabetterdriver)Additionally,Cognifitfeaturestailoredregimensforspecificconditions,includingParkinson’s,“chemobrain,”depressionandADHD.CalmTruetoitsname,Calmcontainsbreathingexercises,three-to25-minuteguidedmeditationsessionsandstoriesdesignedtohelpyoufallasleep.ActorMathewMcConaughyvoicesonesuchtalk,called“Wonder”.HeadspaceThisapphashundredsofguidedmeditationsforeveryneed:two-minutemini-sits,SOSsessionsformomentsofseriousstressandversionsforwalks.Fortheendoftheday,Headspaceoffers45-minutepodcaststhatusecalmingvisualizationsandsoundstohelpyounodoff.10%HappierInspiredbyABCnewsanchorDanHarris’bestsellingbook,thisappincludesmorethan500guidedmeditations,aswellasshortvideostokeepyoumotivated—andtheoptiontotextwithacoach.31.Thispassageismorelikelytobeseenin___________.A．researchfromauniversitypublicationB．theHealthpageofanewspaperC．ananalysisfromamedicalmagazineD．afeatureinatechnologymagazine32.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Calm,Headspaceand10%Happiercanhelpusersimprovesleepquality.B．TheusersofBrainHQaretenyearsyoungerthanthosewhodon’tuseit.C．BothLumosityandCognifitcanimproveusers’memorythroughgamesD．InCalm,userscanwatchMatthewMcConaugheyactinthestory“wonder”.33.“Janeisaseniorthreestudent.Sincethebeginningofschool,shehasbeenunabletoconcentrateinclass,depressedandnotveryinterestedinanything.”Whichofthefollowingappsmaybebestforher?A．CalmandHeadspace.B．BrainHQandCognifit.C．Cognifitand10%Happier.D．Lumosityand10%HappierBGoodmannersusedtomeansimplecourtesy(礼节)andbeingkind.Todayitseemswemayfeardoingorsayingthewrongthing,andforgoodreason.GiventhepoweroftheInternet,afauxpas(失礼)canmeanlosingafriend—oryourjob.Coveringtheinsandoutsofcivilbehaviorforthepast20-plusyears,Ihavelearnedthat,fortunately,goodintentionsnevergooutofstyle.Evenbetter,sciencetellsusthatactsofkindnessareinfectious:IfItreatyouright,you’remorelikelytotreatthenextpersonbetter.TOHOLDORNOTTOHOLD—THEDOORQ:Myhusbandalwaysopensdoorsforwomen(he’sover80).Buttheyoungerwomencasthimalookofpureshockandrushpasthimwithoutathank-you.Sosad,whyhassuchabasickindnessgoneoutofstyle?—JoGarciaA:Letmeuncomplicatethings:IfI’mfirsttothedoor,I’mgoingtopullitopenandletyougofirst,whetheryou’reamanorawoman.Apushdoorcanbeawkward,butI’llusuallygothroughfirst(withmymostcharming“Allowme”)andthenholditforyou.Igivethesameadvicetomysister(andallwomen):Firstonethereopensthedoorandholdsit.Theonetimetobreaktherule:Ifthepersonaheadofyouneedsassistanceorismucholder,stepupandopenthedoor.Andforthoseofusonthereceivingendofadoorkindness,Ihopeweallsay“Thankyou”aswepassby.NOTHANK-YOUNOTES=NOMOREGIFTS?Q:ItespeciallybothersmewhenIgiveachildagiftandthereisnoacknowledgementfromtheparentorthechild.Whataremyoptions?—SharonTaftA:I’mthequick-witteduncletothreenieces,whichmeansIrelyonhumortomakeapoint.Onetime,severalweeksaftertheholidayshadgoneby,Ie-mailedoneofthegirls:“Ican’tthankyouenoughforthank-younote.”Thatinspiredaquick,andguilty,thank-youfromher.ThentherewastheyearIboycotted(抵制)them:nogifts.Youbettheynoticed,andtheydidafinejobwiththeirthank-youe-mailsonceIresumedgiftgiving.(Yes,e-mailisjustfine,especiallywhencomparedwiththealternative—noresponse.)ButIlearnedalesson,too:Itrymybesttothankthosewhoexpresskindnesstome,whetherit’saflightattendanthelpingmewithabagorthesesamenieces—nowyoungadults—whorecentlymadeanamazingdinnerforourfamily.There’satheorythatgratitudebegetsgratitude.Ibelievethatnow.34.BothJoGarciaandSharonTaftarepuzzledby__________.A．whatmakesyoungpeoplesorudeB．whatkindnessmeanstoyoungadultsC．whykindnessisnotinfectiousnowadaysD．whysomegoodmannersareoutofdate35.Whichstatementisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?A．Menshouldalwaysholdthedoorforwomen.B．Itisalwaysnecessarytoexpressourgratitude.C．Joshouldremindherhusbandofhisimpoliteness.D．Beinghumorousmattersmorethanbeingpolite.36.Whatcanweinferfromtheuncle’sexperienceofboycottinggiftsforhisnieces?A．sendingathank-youemailisworsethannotexpressinggratitudeatall.B．Theniecesdidn’tcareaboutwhethertheyreceivedgiftsfromtheiruncleatall.C．Theuncleresumedgivinggiftstohisniecesaftertheyexpressedtheirappreciation.D．Theabsenceofgiftsmadetheniecesrealizetheyshouldhaveexpressedgratitude.37.Thispassageismostlikelytakenfroma__________.A．socialsciencejournalB．newspaperadvicecolumnC．celebrityinterviewscriptD．interpersonalrelationshipreportCIntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”38.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?A．Theyarebecomingoutdated.B．Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C．Theyarelimitedinnumber.D．Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.39.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?A．Threatenedspecies.B．Physicalspecimens.C．Observationaldata.D．Mobileapplications.40.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A．Mistakesindataanalysis.B．Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C．Improperwayofsampling.D．Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.41.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A．Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B．Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C．Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D．Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.DVisitanyantiquesstoreandyou’llencounterartifactsfromthepast:photographs,letters,abrochuredetailingthedelicatedinosaurexhibitfromthe1964—1965World’sFair,theephemera(短暂现象)ofhistory.Yettheseobjectsaren’ttrulyephemeral,becausethey’restillhere,decades,evencenturieslater.Why?Becausethey’retangible.Haveyouponderedthelifecycleofintangibleformats,digitalinformation,giventhatthosewhoproducetheseartifactsseldomplanfortheirlong-termpreservation?Formillennia,we’veknownwhatwe’veknownduetoartifactsthathavesurvived,oftendespitetheiroriginalcreators’neglect.Thethingitselfisthemediumthatdeliverstheinformation.Atthetimeofcreation,noattemptsweremadeatintentionalpreservation,yetanalogousmaterials(实体材料)haveachanceofsurvivingandservingasthehistoricalrecordthatbiographers,historians,andnovelistsrelyon.Librariesandarchiveshavetraditionallyshoulderedtheresponsibilityoforganization,preservation,andaccesstoinformation.Thus,librariansdigitizethetangiblesothatresearchersanywherecanquicklysearchandaccesstheirHoldings.Theresultisanembarrassmentofhistoricalriches,whichbringstoitsownneedle-and-haystackproblems.Librarians’selflessdevotioncanactagainstuswhenuserspointtouniversalityofaccessbyholdingupacellphoneandsaying,“It’sallinhere”asevidencethatlibrariesarelessvitalforresearcherstoday.Yethowwasthatuniversalityofaccessmadepossibleand,perhapsmoreimportantly,howisitmaintained?Whocurateswhatispreserved?Whenitcomestoborn-digitalinformation,theterrifyinganswercanbe:ifnotlibrariansandarchivists,thennoone.Digitalinformationrequiresagreatdealmorecarethananalog.Evenwhenadigitalobjectispreserved,itmayonlybethecarrierthat’ssaved,nottheinformationitself.Astechnologyadvancesandaformatbecomesobsolete,theobjectisuseless.HaveyoueverstaredhelplesslyataZIPdisk,thinking:howdoIgetthefilesoffthis?Withoutconstantmigrationofdigitalassets,anightmareabouttheforeseeablefutureiswhatkeepshistoriansupatnight:ahistoricalrecordthatabruptlystopswhendigitalreplacesanalog.Asalibrarianwhosedayjobrevolvesaroundspecialcollectionsanddigitalassets,Isharethenightterrorsofhistorians,andI’dbelyingifIsaidacomprehensivepreservationsolutioncurrentlyexists.Yetresearcherscantakesomecomfortinthefactthatthereareamultitudeoflibrariansdevotedtodiscovering,organizing,andpreservingdigitalinformationforresearcherscurrentandfuture.Librariansareuniquelypositionedtounderstandhowendusersseekanduseinformation.Thus,weplayanindispensableroleinidentifying,preserving,andprovidingaccessibilitytodigitalartifactssothat,whilefutureresearchersmayfindthedigitalrealmachallengingplacetopracticetheirprofession,theywon’tfinditanimpossibleone.42.Theauthormentionstheartifactsfromthepastto_________.A．introducethecollectionofantiquesB．contrastthemwitheverydayitemsC．bringuptheissueofpreservationD．commentontheirhistoricalvalue43.Comparedwithdigitalobjects,tangibleartifacts_________.A．arelesssubjecttotheircreators’neglectB．conveyinformationinamoredirectwayC．requiremoreintentionalpreservationD．arelesslikelytosufferseriousdamage44.AccordingtoParagraph3,librarians’workmayresultin_________.A．oversupplyofmaterialsB．undervaluationoflibrariesC．researchers’underperformanceD．users’overrelianceontechnology45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthetext?A．Hardworkshouldbedonetopreserveartifacts.B．Keepingdigitalhistoricalrecordsisachallenge.C．Accessingdatabasesisessentialtoresearchers.D．Contributionsoflibrariansshouldberecognized.七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sometimesinourlives,wefacethisproblem:bothlovedonesandstrangerscanannoyus.Athome,we’vehadtoputupwithchildrenscreamingduringonlinemeetingsandfamilymembersbeingonthecomputerallthetime.___46___Kindnessseemslikeadistantmemory.Theabilitytolivepeacefullywithannoyinghousematesorneighborsseemsmoredifficultthanever.___47___Ifwetreatkindnessasaskillandmakeitadailypractice,itwillcomemoreeasilyovertime.___48___Loving-KindnessMeditation(LKM),whichtracesitsrootsbacktoearlyBuddhism,helpsusfindcompassionforoneanotherevenduringtryingtimes.Thismeditationasksustosendthoughtsofloving-kindnesstoourlovedones,thentoacquaintances(peopleyoudon’tknowverywell),andfinallytodifficultpeople.Overtime,ourunkindthoughtsarereplacedwithmoreopen,acceptingones.Angerisreplacedwithlove,oratleastkindness.DonaldAltman,apsychotherapistfromPortland,Oregon,saysLKMhelpsusrecognizethatweareallvulnerableandhavebeenhurt.___49___Sohowdowepracticeit?Tobeginwith,Altmansuggestsfindingaquietplacetosit.Hesaystothenimagineafavoritefamilymemberorfriendsendingyouthewords:“Mayyoubewell,happy,andatpeace.”Afterafewminutes,directthewordsatyourself:“MayIbewell,happy,andatpeace.”___50___Replacethe“I”withthenameofateacherorcoach,thenafamilymemberorfriend,thenanacquaintance,andfinallyanunfriendlypersoninyourlife.Endthemeditationbyspreadingtheblessingstoalllivingbeings.Indeed,weshouldfindourownwaytopracticeLKM-butonlyifwearepreparedtoembraceitsbenefitsandextendthemtoanyonewhomayneedthem.A．Thegoodnewsisthatitisn’tlostB．Luckily,wecanlooktoancientdisciplinesforguidanceC．Then,extendtheblessingtootherpeople,inorderofdecreasingfondness.D．Atwork,wehavehadtotakethepressurethesedemandingcrate.E．Forthatreason,wecouldallbenefitfromlove’swarmandcomfortingblessingF．Youcancombinethewordswithbreathing,repeatingaphraseofloveforyourselfG．Outside,wehaveencountereddriversspeedingonbusyroadsandpassengerstalkingloudlyonthesubway阅读简答阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。AnnaDuwaswalkingalongthebeachatCastleIslandinSouthBostonwhenshenoticedplasticscattered(散落)acrosstheshoreline.Shebentdowntopicksomeupbutquicklyrealizedtherewerefartoomanytinypiecestohandle.“WhenIsawhowmuchplastictherewas,itseemedimpossibletocleanitallup,”recallsDu,whowasinsixthgradeatthetime.Insteadofgivingup,Dutackledtheproblemlikeanygoodscientist—startingwithresearch.That’showshediscoveredthat8milliontonsofplasticendupintheoceanseveryyear.Inspiredbyherfindings,Dudecidedtobuildaremote-operatedvehicle(ROV)todetectmicroplasticsontheoceanfloor.HerROV,madefromPVCpipes,featurestwomainsystems:anavigationsystemandadetectionsystem.Thenavigationsystemusespropellersandacombinationoffishingweightsandfoamfloats(lightweightmaterialsthatkeepthedevicefloating)tomoveupanddown.Thedetectionsystem,however,istherealinnovation.Itusesinfraredcameras(红外相机)andlightwavelengthstospotmicroplastics,makingthemstandoutagainstsandandplants.Actually,thedevicedoesn’tcollectmicroplastics,butitidentifieswheretheyaccumulate.DuhasevenappliedforapatentontheRov’skeycomponents.Facedwiththechallengeoflocatingoceanmicroplastics—unliketheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,thesearenotfloatingonthesurface—sheknewanROVwouldbethemostefficienttool.Takingwatersamplesandanalyzingtheminalabcouldneverbedoneonthescaleneeded.Instead,sheneededamobilelabtodetectplasticsin-situ(在现场).HerROVimpressedmanyexpertswithitscleverdesign.“Shehasanimpressiveengineeringinstinct,”saysCaseyMachAdo,anengineerattheWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution.“Herabilitytobreakdownproblemsandcreatesolutionsisremarkable.”“IwanttobeanengineerbecauseIlovebuildingthingstohelpsolveglobalproblems,”saysDu.“ButI’mnotsureyetwhatkindofengineerIwanttobe.”Atherage,shehasplentyoftimetofigurethatout.51.WhatdidAnnaDunoticewhenshewaswalkingalongthebeach?___51___52.HowdoesthedetectionsystemofROVwork?___52___53.Pleasedecidewhichp