初升高完美衔接教材 英语教学 阅读理解

第三篇

高中模块英语学科模块1

阅读理解1衔接目标2热身训练3知识对接4难点突破5自主训练1衔接目标2热身训练3知识对接4难点突破5自主训练Passage

1主题：食物赈济处

关注指数：.

［2023安徽］There

are

about

8,000

million

people

living

on

our

planet,

but

some

of

them

don't

have

enough

food.

Last

year,

more

than

820

million

people

suffered

（遭受）

from

hunger.

That's

sad.

What's

more,

it

shouldn't

be

a

problem

since

the

world

wastes

about

930

million

tons

of

food

each

year.

XYZ

Food

Bank

is

working

to

help

fix

the

problem.

Now,

you

can,

too!

Just

drop

off

some

food

so

that

we

can

continue

to

feed

the

needy.

We

accept:Canned

food

Biscuits

Rice

Boxed

juice

Noodles

Candy

*No

opened

food.

*No

expired

（过期的）

food.

*No

food

that

needs

to

be

in

a

fridge.

Come

and

offer

your

help!

Every

little

bit

makes

a

difference!

Email

us

at

stophunger@.

【语篇解读】本文首先谈及世界上还有许多人遭受饥饿，然后告诉我们XYZ食物赈济处接受哪些食物给需要的人，最后提出捐赠食物的请求。1.How

many

people

suffered

from

hunger

last

year?(

)

AA.Over

820

million.

B.About

930

million.C.Over

7.18

million.

D.About

8,000

million.【解析】细节题。根据第1段中的“Last

year,

more

than

820

million

people

suffered

from

hunger.”可知，去年，超过8.2亿人遭受饥饿。2.Which

of

the

following

can

you

drop

off

at

XYZ

Food

Bank?(

)

BA.

B.

C.

D.

【解析】细节题。根据We

accept部分中的信息可知，食品赈济处接受罐头食物。文中没有提及冰激凌和蜂蜜，且文章提出不需要放在冰箱里的食物、已经打开的食物以及过期食品，故选B。3.What's

the

purpose

of

the

passage?(

)

CA.To

introduce

a

traditional

bank.

B.To

present

some

world

problems.C.To

ask

people

to

give

away

food.

D.To

tell

people

to

protect

the

earth.【解析】推断题。通读全文可知，本文首先谈及世界上还有许多人遭受饥饿，然后告诉我们XYZ食物赈济处接受哪些食物给需要的人，最后提出捐赠食物的请求。由此可推知，本文的目的是号召人们捐赠食物。Passage

2主题：达尔文

关注指数：.

［2022广东广州］Charles

Darwin

was

one

of

the

six

children

from

a

big

family.

His

grandfather

and

father

were

doctors

and

the

young

Darwin

went

to

Edinburgh

University

to

study

medicine.

However，

he

hated

to

see

blood

and

he

soon

realized

that

he

couldn't

be

a

doctor.

He

then

went

to

Cambridge

University

and

discovered

that

he

had

a

great

interest

in

studying

plants，

insects

and

animals.

Luckily，

one

of

Darwin's

university

teachers

helped

him

join

the

perfect

trip

for

a

biologist：

a

voyage

around

the

world

to

study

nature.

In

1831，

Charles

Darwin

left

Plymouth

on

The

Beagle，a

ship

that

took

him

around

the

world

for

five

years.

While

he

was

travelling，

he

studied

the

plants

and

animals

in

the

countries

and

on

the

islands

that

the

ship

visited.

Darwin

also

spent

his

time

on

The

Beagle

writing

notes

about

the

things

he

had

seen.

When

he

finally

arrived

back

in

Britain，

Darwin

was

already

starting

to

create

his

famous

theory

that

all

living

things

had

a

common

ancestor（祖先）.

At

home

at

Down

House，

a

place

that

you

can

still

visit

today，

Darwin

wrote

many

articles

and

books

about

his

travels，

but

he

didn't

want

to

make

anything

about

his

theory

known

to

the

public.

He

worked

in

his

study，

where

he

wrote

250，000

words

about

his

theory

of

evolution（进化论），but

he

was

frightened

about

what

people

might

say

about

his

idea

that

monkeys

were

the

ancestors

of

humans.

He

thought

the

public

would

be

against

it

and

was

so

frightened

that

he

became

ill

with

worry.

However,

when

another

scientist

started

to

write

about

similar

ideas，

Darwin

decided

to

print

his

book

On

the

Origin

of

Species.

Most

scientists

accepted

Darwin's

theory

and

people

continue

to

study

it

today.

On

12th

February—the

day

he

was

born，

Darwin

Day

is

celebrated

around

the

world

to

encourage

more

people

to

study

the

natural

world.

【语篇解读】本文介绍了达尔文。1.What

caused

Darwin

to

give

up

his

study

of

medicine?(

)

AA.He

didn't

like

seeing

blood.B.He

found

the

study

of

medicine

too

difficult.C.He

was

pushed

to

give

up

by

his

family.D.He

was

advised

to

study

natural

science.【解析】细节题。根据第1段中的“However,

he

hated

to

see

blood

and

he

soon

realized

that

he

couldn't

be

a

doctor.”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。2.Why

was

the

trip

on

The

Beagle

important

to

Darwin?(

)

CA.It

helped

him

to

finish

his

study

at

the

university.B.It

allowed

him

to

change

his

mind

about

his

fixture.C.It

gave

him

ideas

about

the

beginnings

of

human

life.D.It

got

him

to

complete

his

most

famous

book

on

the

ship.【解析】细节题。根据第2段中的“Darwin

also

spent

his

time

on

The

Beagle

writing

notes

about

the

things

he

had

seen.

When

he

finally

arrived

back

in

Britain,

Darwin

was

already

starting

to

create

his

famous

theory

that

all

living

things

had

a

common

ancestor.”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行启发了他关于人类起源的观点。3.In

what

order

did

the

following

happen

in

Darwin's

life?(

)

a.

He

arrived

back

in

Britain

in

1836.b.

He

thought

the

public

would

not

support

his

ideas.c.

He

became

interested

in

studying

the

natural

world.d.

He

printed

his

famous

book

On

the

Origin

of

Species.e.

He

received

help

to

get

a

place

on

a

trip

around

the

world.f.

He

studied

the

plants

and

animals

on

the

islands

he

visited.BA.e→f→c→a→b→d

B.c→e→f→a→b→d

C.e→f→a→c→d→b

D.c→e→f→d→a→b【解析】推断题。通读全文可知，达尔文最先对学习自然世界感兴趣，而后他得到帮助加入了一个进行全球航行的队伍，并研究了在航行途经的岛上的植物和动物。五年后，达尔文回到英国。回到英国后，他写了大量的文章，不过他认为大众不会支持他的这些想法，但他最后还是出版了《物种起源》一书。4.Why

did

the

author

write

the

last

paragraph?(

)

DA.To

introduce

Darwin's

famous

book.B.To

tell

how

people

celebrate

Darwin

Day.C.To

explain

why

people

accept

Darwin's

ideas.D.To

show

Darwin's

influence

on

natural

science.【解析】推断题。根据最后一段中的Darwin

Day

is

celebrated

around

the

world

to

encourage

more

people

to

study

the

natural

world可推知，作者写最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。Passage

3主题：参加农活项目

关注指数：.

［2023山东枣庄］It

was

a

very

cold

day

and

the

wind

was

blowing.

But

Li

Yungang

didn't

feel

it.

He

even

felt

hot.

After

all,

this

14-year-old

student

from

Beijing

Jingshan

School

was

cutting

grass

for

three

hours.

This

was

the

first

time

this

city

boy

had

done

any

farm

work.

“It

was

not

that

easy.

My

legs

and

arms

were

sore,”

he

said.

From

now

on,

more

Beijing

middle

school

students

will

have

a

similar

experience.

More

than

5,500

students

from

13

city

middle

schools

will

take

part

in

a

one-week

farm

work

program

in

the

autumn

and

spring,

according

to

the

Beijing

Municipal

Education

Commission.

About

250

students

from

Beijing

Jingshan

School

took

part

in

it

from

Oct.25

to

30.They

dug

peanuts（花生）,

cut

grass,

swept

fallen

leaves

and

did

other

farm

work.

Lin

Ruohan,

13,

thought

the

work

was

hard,

but

she

felt

it

was

very

enjoyable.

“When

we

dig

peanuts

out,

we

must

be

quick

to

pick

them

up.

If

not,

they

may

be

covered

in

the

ground

again.

We

must

be

patient

and

work

as

a

team,”

she

said.

When

she

tasted

the

fresh

peanuts,

she

felt

happy.

“I

had

never

eaten

such

sweet

peanuts

before,”

she

said.

Some

of

her

classmates

also

learned

what

kind

of

fruits

and

peanuts

grow

in

the

ground.

“We

learned

a

lot

about

farming

by

seeding

（播种）

them

rather

than

just

reading

about

them

in

textbooks,”

she

said.

The

farm

not

only

gave

them

knowledge

but

also

gave

them

a

new

view.

“I

didn't

see

high

buildings,

but

instead

colorful

leaves

and

endless

fields.

I

felt

very

comfortable,

and

I

felt

closer

to

nature,”

said

Qin

Yupeng,

14.

【语篇解读】本文主要报道了北京的一些中学生在参加农活项目中的体会与收获。1.What's

the

author's

purpose

of

writing

the

passage?(

)

AA.To

introduce

a

helpful

program.

B.To

show

us

how

to

do

farm

work.C.To

praise

some

students

from

the

city.

D.To

tell

us

knowledge

about

farming.【解析】推断题。本文报道了北京的一些中学生在参加农活项目中的体会与收获，且文章提到会有更多的学生将加入这个项目。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍该农活项目。2.Lin

Ruohan

thought

the

farm

work

was

___.DA.difficult

and

boring

B.easy

but

boringC.easy

and

interesting

D.difficult

but

enjoyable【解析】细节题。根据第5段中的“Lin

Ruohan,

13，

thought

the

work

was

hard,

but

she

felt

it

was

very

enjoyable.”可知，林若涵认为虽然这份工作很辛苦，但她觉得很享受。3.Where

can

you

probably

read

the

passage?(

)

BA.In

a

storybook.

B.In

a

newspaper.C.In

a

science

book.

D.In

a

travel

magazine.【解析】推断题。通读全文可知，本文报道了北京的一些中学生将在秋季和春季参加为期一周的农活项目的事件，以及已经参加过该项目的学生们的感受。由此可推知，我们应该能在报纸上看到这篇文章。Passage

4主题：沉默

关注指数：.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

When

reading

Jack

Reacher's

novel,

I

noticed

that

he

would

often

answer

questions

with

silence.

It

was

very

powerful

indeed.1.

..For

some

people,

silence

comes

naturally.

But

there

are

quite

a

few

of

us

who

need

to

learn

the

art

of

practicing

silence.

Read

on

for

more

reasons

to

try

silence

in

your

daily

communications.D

Silence

gets

people's

attention

If

you

have

ever

been

in

a

classroom,

you

have

most

likely

experienced

how

silence

often

gets

everyone's

attention.

When

the

teacher

stops

talking,

a

signal

goes

to

the

brain

that

something

has

happened.2.

..The

same

is

true

in

our

daily

conversations.

If

we

fall

silent,

people

will

notice

it

and

we

will

gain

their

attention.G

Silence

uses

body

language

Our

body

language

is

often

a

more

powerful

way

of

communicating

than

what

comes

out

of

our

mouth.3.

..The

ability

to

understand

and

use

body

language

is

a

powerful

tool

that

can

help

you

connect

with

others,

express

what

you

really

mean

and

build

better

relationships.E

Silence

offers

sympathy

（同情）

to

others

There

are

times

in

life

when

silence

offers

sympathy

and

understanding

to

others.

Sometimes

we

simply

don't

have

the

right

words

to

communicate

with

someone

who

is

struggling

with

a

hurtful

or

painful

situation.

But

we

can

still

show

them

that

we

care

and

we

are

there

for

them.4.

..A

Silence

is

polite

5.

.，from

radio

broadcasts,

news

channels,

and

stores

to

the

constant

chatter

of

people

around

us.

So

when

we

do

get

the

chance

to

talk,

we

usually

feel

like

we

have

to

fit

every

thought

into

a

short

period

of

time.

However,

when

we

are

silent,

we

give

others

a

chance

to

speak.

We

show

them

that

they

matter.FA.We

can

offer

comfort

by

our

calming

silenceB.The

silence

often

leaves

the

other

person

puzzledC.To

comfort

them,

you

may

tell

them

a

similar

painful

situationD.Often

the

other

person

would

quickly

get

the

needed

answer

in

silenceE.Our

facial

expressions,

eye

contact,

and

even

tone

of

voice

speak

the

loudestF.We

live

in

a

society

where

we

are

fighting

with

so

many

sources

of

informationG.All

of

a

sudden

you

pay

attention

and

wonder

why

communication

has

stopped

【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了我们日常交流中尝试保持沉默的原因。1.___D【解析】根据上文“When

reading

Jack

Reacher's

novel,

I

noticed

that

he

would

often

answer

questions

with

silence.

It

was

very

powerful

indeed.”可知,杰克·里奇常用沉默来回答问题,D项解释了他这样做的原因。2.___G【解析】根据小标题Silence

gets

people's

attention和空前的“When

the

teacher

stops

talking,

a

signal

goes

to

the

brain

that

something

has

happened.”可知,当老师在课堂上突然沉默时,学生会想知道其原因,所以G项符合语境。3.___E【解析】根据上文“Often

our

body

language

is

a

more

powerful

way

of

communicating

than

what

comes

out

of

our

mouth.”可知,本段讲述的是肢体语言有时是更有效的交流方式,E项对此进行了举例说明,符合语境。4.___A【解析】根据小标题Silence

offers

sympathy

to

others和上文“But

we

can

still

show

them

that

we

care

and

we

are

there

for

them.”可知,本段讲述的是通过沉默来安慰别人,A项进一步说明沉默的意义,符合语境,且选项中的offer

comfort与上文中的we

care相照应。5.___F【解析】根据下文from

radio

broadcasts,

news

channels,

stores

to

the

constant

chatter

of

people

around

us可知,我们的信息来源有很多。radio

broadcasts,

news

channels,

stores

to

the

constant

chatter与F项中的so

many

sources

of

information相呼应,故F项符合语境。接点1

存在的问题一、词汇量严重不足

根据我国现行课程标准，初中阶段要求的词汇量约为1600个，高中阶段约为3000个。词汇是语言学习的基础。词汇量严重不足以及对词汇的音、形、义、词性及构词法等方面的知识的欠缺，是刚升高中的学生普遍存在的问题。词汇量的不足使得学生在阅读英语材料时极易遇上阅读障碍，从而造成阅读教学衔接上的诸多问题。二、没有养成良好的阅读习惯

有的学生没有养成良好的阅读习惯，只要碰到几个生词，就失去信心，无法继续阅读；有的学生在阅读时逐词逐句释义，效率极低，进入高中后就更无法适应大容量的高中英语课堂；还有的学生过分注重对词、句的理解而忽视了对篇章结构的把握等，这些都给高中阅读教学的推进带来了很多困难，也在很大程度上影响了高中英语的进一步学习。三、逻辑思维不严密，篇章理解能力不强

初中阶段学生所阅读的文章篇幅都不长，且文章大多由简单句构成，易于理解。而高中的阅读语篇在长度上有所增加，且难度上加大了很多，学生在阅读过程中，经常出现过分概括、无据推断、因果关系错误或前后矛盾等逻辑推理错误，即缺乏思考判断能力和综合分析能力。四、阅读数量不足，阅读质量不高

初中英语新教材容量大且课程紧凑，学生的阅读量和阅读时间经常得不到保证。同时，由于缺乏系统的阅读教学计划，阅读教学显得杂乱无序。许多初中教师虽然重视学生阅读能力的培养，意识到这对提高学生的综合语言运用能力具有重要意义，但他们的重视仅限于硬性分派任务，每天一篇或一周几篇，学生做完即可，不讲究质量，不探究学生理解文章的程度，不认真设计阅读课的教学，认为学生多读文章阅读能力自然就会提高。这直接导致高一新生的英语阅读数量不足、阅读质量不高等问题。接点2

基本题型及题型特征基本题型及题型特征主旨大意题主要考查对阅读材料的中心思想的概括能力。其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想或大意等细节理解题主要考查对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解能力。这一题型常见的命题方式：事实认定题、排序题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等推理判断题主要考查根据文章字面意思、语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示来推敲作者的态度和理解文章的寓意的能力。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题词句猜测题主要考查根据上下文猜测生词的能力,要求根据句子结构、上下文或构词法推断词句的含义接点3

初高中英语阅读衔接策略探讨一、准确把握初高中英语阅读特点及教学要求

初中英语课程具有较强的叙述性，高中英语课程则更注重逻辑性。根据初高中英语阅读课程的各自特点，教育部组织编写的《英语课程标准》对初、高中毕业生应达到的英语阅读水平分别做了具体规定：初中英语阅读教学重视对学生基础语言知识和基本语言技能的培养，重视对阅读内容的理解，关注学生获取有效信息的能力；而高中英语阅读教学除了以上要求，更强调对学生进行阅读方法的指导和阅读技能的训练，更关注学生处理阅读材料中不同信息的过程和整合相关信息的能力，同时着力培养学生情感与态度等，从而逐步提高学生对英语语言的理解力和掌控力。二、多角度提高词汇把握水平，多渠道增加词汇量

词汇量是提高英语阅读能力的基础和前提。从质量上来说，初中阶段的学生只需了解一个单词最基本的音、形、义即可，而到了高中阶段，学生在掌握单词基本的音、形、义的基础上，还要了解它的词性、在句中的各种灵活用法以及一词多义等现象。从数量上来讲，学生除了要掌握课本要求的单词，还要通过学习构词法来扩大词汇量，如care、careful、carefulness、carefully、careless、carelessly等。此外，学生还要充分利用各种机会扩展词汇量：从平时的课外阅读材料中精选出常见而又未出现在教材中的词汇进行识记，积累有关当前热点事件以及自己感兴趣的话题的词汇，并通过写作巩固单词用法并扩大词汇量。三、养成良好的阅读习惯

对于外语初学者来说，在阅读外语文字材料的时候，回读是经常发生的，但这不仅浪费时间，而且影响对语篇的整体理解。学生阅读时要注重文章大意，不深究细节，更不要在只言片语上长时间滞留，要调动已掌握的知识与经验去领悟作者的意图，掌握中心思想和篇章结构。为了提高阅读能力，学生应以意群为单位，而非以单词或短语为单位，要根据意群，一组一组地进行扫视，被收纳的是信息，而不是一个个的单词。这需要学生在大量的阅读训练中有意识地培养。定时阅读是解决以上难题的较好方法。学生可根据自己的英语水平、阅读材料的长难度和题材等规定阅读时间，从时间上约束自己，迫使自己定时定量地达到阅读目标，以利于培养整体理解、快速阅读的能力。另外，在阅读中遇到生词是极为正常的，在初高中阶段的阅读材料中出现2％~3％的生词是大纲对学生阅读能力的要求，因此学生不要一遇到生词就查字典或因有生词而失去阅读信心。四、加强课内外阅读，重视对典型阅读材料的学习

首先，利用好课本资源。课本文章都是精选，所以学生应尽量熟读、背诵。其次，学会对材料多维利用：做过的完形填空练习，把答案填入空格，可能是一篇美文；阅读理解的文章、听力原文、作文的参考范文等也都可能是一些值得仔细品味、熟读和背诵的好文章、好段落，学生可以对其进行记忆和积累。学生还可以从网上下载一些新颖的时文材料，包括新闻、小说、诗歌、散文等体裁的文章，也可从优秀的报刊上选择优秀材料进行阅读学习，这样不仅能加强对异国文化背景知识的了解与掌握，还拓展了科技动态、时事新闻等多种文体的阅读，获取了新信息，增长了新知识，形成了新思维，从而有助于语言知识运用能力和阅读理解、分析能力的提高。突破1

主旨大意题解题技巧

解答阅读理解题的一个非常重要的技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意。要领悟文章或段落的主旨大意，就需要学生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力，而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中考查的重点。

文章或段落的主旨概括题常见的设问形式：1.The

main

idea

of

the

text

is________.2.The

passage

is

mainly

about________.3.What

does

the

passage

mainly

discuss？4.Which

of

the

following

best

expresses

the

main

idea？5.The

main

point

of

the

passage

is________.6.The

best

headline

for

this

article

would

be________.7.Which

of

the

following

is

the

best

title

of

the

article？8.What

is

the

topic

of

the

text？9.The

main

purpose

of

the

story

is

to

tell

us

________.

文章（或段落）的构成有其内在的规律性，其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。学生对以下四种情况首先要有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练去掌握它们。一、主题句在篇（或段）首

这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别（或特殊）的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。

Which

of

the

following

best

gives

the

main

idea

of

this

newspaper

article？(

)

AA.A

woman

wins

the

world's

hardest

race!B.A

woman

fights

cold

winds

and

snowstorms!C.A

woman

has

a

great

dog

team!D.A

woman

drives

a

dog

team

across

the

Arctic!【解析】该段的首句就是主题句，其后的句子具体说明了这是“世界上最艰难的比赛”，并从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不易，且该段的末句进一步呼应了主题句。因此，答案是A项。二、主题句在篇（或段）尾

这种结构的文章（或段落）通常是用归纳法撰写的，作者往往先描述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。典例2

On

the

night

of

the

party

Merlin

rolled

into

the

room

playing

his

violin.

Everyone

was

surprised

to

see

him.

There

was

just

one

problem.

Merlin

had

no

way

to

stop

his

roller

skates.

He

rolled

on

and

on.

Suddenly，

he

ran

into

a

huge

mirror

that

was

hanging

on

the

wall.

Down

fell

the

mirror，breaking

into

pieces.

Nobody

forgot

Merlin's

amazing

entrance

for

a

long

time!What

is

the

main

point

the

author

is

trying

to

make

in

the

paragraph？(

)

CA.The

roller

skates

needed

further

improvement.B.The

party

guests

took

Merlin

for

a

fool.C.Merlin

succeeded

beyond

expectation.D.Merlin

got

himself

into

trouble.【解析】该段从Merlin入场的细节展开叙述，最后一句做了总结：很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin出人意料的入场。由此可见，Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。三、主题句在中间

有些主题句既不在篇（或段）首，也不在篇（或段）尾，而是处于篇章（或段落）的中间。

这类结构包括三个层次：引题—突出主题思想—解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看，这也可分为三部曲：归纳—结论—演绎，即给出一两个例证之后，做出概括性的总结，然后再给予例证来证实其论点。典例3

When

you

throw

a

ball

up

into

the

air

as

fast

as

you

can，the

ball

reaches

a

point

where

it

seems

to

pause

for

a

moment，and

then

it

comes

down.

When

a

bullet（子弹）is

shot

straight

up，it

will

travel

much

faster

and

higher

than

a

ball，but

it，too，will

come

down.Whatever

goes

up

must

come

down.We

have

always

thought

this

to

be

true.

An

airplane

may

climb

to

a

height

of

seventeen

miles

and

then

travel

far

and

long.

Yet

it

does

not

stay

up

forever.

Finally，like

everything

else，the

plane

must

come

down.

本段文字中标有下划线的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述模式完全吻合。四、没有主题句

没有主题句的篇章（或段落）并不是没有主题思想。它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在着，需要学生自己总结。这种结构通常叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。典例4

Shu

Pulong

has

helped

at

least

1，000

people

bitten（咬）

by

snakes.“It

was

seeing

people

with

snake

bites（咬伤）

that

led

me

to

this

career，”

he

said.

In

1963，after

his

army

service，Shu

entered

a

medical

school

and

later

became

a

doctor

of

Chinese

medicine.

As

part

of

his

studies,

he

had

to

work

in

the

mountains.

There

he

often

heard

of

people

who

had

their

arms

and

legs

cut

off

after

a

snake

bite

in

order

to

save

their

lives.

“I

was

greatly

upset

by

the

story

of

an

old

farmer

I

met.

It

was

a

very

hot

afternoon.

The

old

man

was

pulling

grass

in

his

fields

when

he

felt

a

pain

in

his

left

hand.

He

at

once

realized

he

had

been

bitten

by

a

poisonous

snake.

In

no

time

he

wrapped（裹）

a

cloth

tightly

around

his

arm

to

stop

the

poison

spreading

to

his

heart.

Rushing

home

he

shouted，‘Bring

me

the

knife！’”

Minutes

later

the

man

lost

his

arm

forever.

“The

sad

story

touched

me

so

much

that

I

decided

to

devote

myself

to

helping

people

bitten

by

snakes，”

Shu

said.The

best

headline

for

this

newspaper

article

is

___.DA.Astonishing

Medicine

B.A

Farmer

Who

Lost

an

ArmC.Dangerous

Bites

D.A

Snake

Doctor【解析】文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节，这些细节都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。

总之，正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力，是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想是考试的重点，也是平常阅读训练中难度较大的一项。因此，学生在阅读任何文章时，都要下意识地总结其主旨大意。突破2

细节理解题解题技巧

只有准确理解全部细节，我们才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想，因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的。因此，细节类的理解题既可检测学生对主旨大意理解的深度，又可检测他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。

在阅读试题的过程中，查找主要事实或特定细节题型常见的设问形式：1.Which

of

the

following

statements

is

true/false？2.Which

of

the

following

is

not

mentioned

in

the

passage？3.All

of

the

followings

are

true

except________.4.According

to

the

passage，when/where/who...？

细节理解题有六大类型：1.直接信息题

在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who、what、when、where、why和how等提问。2.语意转换题

有时需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者形式不同，但意义不变。3.逻辑排序题

学生可以先找出最先发生和最后发生的事件的时间，并分别把它们作为事件发生的起点和终点，然后使用排除法将范围逐渐缩小。4.数字计算题

解答此类试题的方法是先理解题意和文意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确答案。5.图形理解题

在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图形中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来描述的，学生可以根据图片信息找出正确答案。6.是非判断题

这类试题要求学生确定与原文信息一致或不一致的选项。学生应首先明确题干要求，然后在原文中进行细节定位，最后仔细推敲，锁定答案。

细节题针对不同的文章和不同的细节，可以有不同的设问。细节题是阅读理解题中最简单的。只要能看懂文章和题干，就能在原文中找到明显的线索。

我们读文章时，一定要读懂文章的基本内容，包括主要事实和各个细节。主要事实指文章中对于主题具有典型意义的重要事实，这是文章的基本框架。细节是构成主要事实的局部因素或充实事实的例子、数据等。细节理解题的解题线索都可以在文章中找到。但是，要注意的是，题目一般都是以转变方式进行提问的。归纳起来，设问方法一般有隐含提问法、真伪证实法和迂回提问法。一、隐含提问法

出题者使用同义词、参照词、代词等，使学生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。二、真伪证实法

出题者要求学生确定文章中的事实时，一般不会使设问直接与文章中的事实对应，并且会设计出似是而非或完全错误的选项让学生去判断。对于这类题目，学生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象快速做出判断，而必须找到与问题相关联的文章部分，找出确定的事实，并据此选出符合题意的选项。典例

One

word

that

sums

up（概括）

our

age

better

than

any

other—whether

“our

age”

is

“the

technological

age”

of

Western

countries

or

“the

modernizing

age”

of

China—is

the

word

CHANGE.Has

change

not

always

been

present？True，

but

never

before

at

such

a

high

speed.

Today

it

is

more

than

just

change.

It

is

unprecedented

（空前的）

change.

In

such

a

world，

reading

provides

the

best

tool

for

us

to

keep

up

with

the

world

and

avoid

future

shocks

in

a

world

continually

being

remade.Which

of

the

following

is

NOT

true？(

)

DA.Western

countries

and

China

are

being

remade.B.Reading

will

help

understand

our

age.C.The

present

age

and

future

world

are

continually

changing.D.Reading

is

the

best

tool

provided

by

our

age.【解析】在此题中，A、B、C三项均与文意吻合。D项是一个似是而非的选项。文中的reading

provides

the

best

tool

for

us（阅读给我们提供了最好的工具）和选项D的意思不符。三、迂回提问法

这又是一种设置障碍的提问技巧。问题不是直接提出的，而是绕着弯子提出的。比如，涉及时间、距离及数据等时，学生必须经过计算才能确定答案。有时，选项中的数据与文章中的数据不符，或者题目只给出一部分事实，让学生推出相应的事实。突破3

推理判断题解题技巧

推理判断题在阅读理解中属于难题。该题型要求学生在理解语篇的基础上，从文章所提供的信息的各个方面出发，抓住关键词、句，运用逻辑思维、借助常识并结合文字信息理解文章的深层含义或寓意。推理判断题在高考英语考试中是考查最多的题型。

通过研究近几年的高考真题我们可以总结出：推理判断题可以通过某个具体的句子让学生理解其话语之外的深层含义，也可以通过整篇文章让学生揣摩作者的言外之意和其真正的写作意图，还可以通过某个具体问题让学生琢磨作者的观点态度，有时甚至还让你对文章的体裁和来源做出判断。学生做这种题时切不可脱离语篇主旨和作者意图做无根据的猜测。

考查推理判断题时，通常是以下设问形式：1.We

can

conclude

that______.2.We

may

infer

that______.3.The

author

suggests

that______.4.The

story

implies

that______.5.What

the

author

really

means

is______.6.It

can

be

inferred

from

the

passage

that______.7.According

to

the

passage，you

can

see______.8.It

can

be

seen

from

the

passage

that______.9.The

passage

suggests

that______.

考查对作者观点、态度及语气、语调的理解时常见的设问形式：1.What

does

the

author

think

of...?2.How

does

the

author

feel

about...?3.What's

the

tone

of

the

author?

要看清题意和题目要求，还要在阅读时注意收集各种线索，捕捉与之有关的信息。另外，在选择答案时应根据题意要求选择最契合原文内容的一个选项。做题时应保持清醒的头脑，从文章给出的事实和逻辑两个方面去推理判断。当遇到问及作者的观点、态度的考题时，首先要通读全文，对文章的写作风格有所了解，尤其要仔细领会文章的主题思想，因为它通常能表露出作者的写作基调。其次要注意作者在描述事物、表达观点时遣词造句的方式，因为在表达个人看法时，作者往往会用一些带有个人感情色彩或褒贬分明的词汇。一、借助常识进行推理判断

众所周知，常识是人们普遍认可与赞同的观点，是准确无误的信息。因此利用常识可进行推理判断，并且快速高效。典例1

All

of

this

was

about

more

than

convenience.

There

existed

a

close

relationship

（关系）

between

families

and

their

milkmen.

Mr

Basille

even

had

a

key

to

our

house.

For

those

times

when

it

was

so

cold

outside，

we

put

the

box

indoors，so

that

the

milk

wouldn't

turn

to

ice.

And

I

remember

Mr

Basille

from

time

to

time

taking

a

break

at

our

kitchen

table，having

a

cup

of

tea

and

telling

stories

about

his

delivery.What

can

be

inferred

from

the

fact

that

the

milkman

had

the

key

to

the

author's

house?(

)

DA.He

wanted

to

have

tea

there.

B.He

was

a

respectable

person.C.He

was

treated

as

a

family

member.

D.He

was

fully

trusted

by

the

family.【解析】根据常识可知，一个外人若拥有某个家庭的钥匙，说明他得到了这个家庭的充分信任。二、对文章的体裁和来源做出判断

考试大纲要求：体裁避免单一化，应包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。

做题时应根据文章的写作特点和叙述的故事内容、评论等来判断文章的体裁。判断其来源时要留心文章的话题和体裁。一篇体育事件的报道不可能取材于科学杂志，一篇虚构的故事类记叙文也不可能来自新闻报道。

通常这类问题的设问形式有以下几种：1.This

selection（节选）

might

be

some

parts

of

a

book

concerned

with______.2.This

passage

might

be

taken

out

of

a

book

dealing

with______.3.Where

did

this

passage

most

probably

appear?4.These

extracts

（摘录）

are

probably

taken

from

______

.典例2

More

than

30，000

drivers

and

front-seat

passengers

are

killed

or

seriously

injured

each

year.

At

a

speed

of

only

30

m