全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级复习试题库(广东省云浮市2025年下半年)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级复习试题库(广东省云浮市2025年下半年)第一部分：听力理解第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.M:I'mreallylookingforwardtotheweekend.IplantogohikingintheWhiteCloudMountain.W:Oh,really?Theweatherforecastsaysit'sgoingtoraincatsanddogsonSaturday.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Themanwillhaveagreathikingtrip.B.Theweatherwillbeterribleforhiking.C.Shewantstojointhemanforhiking.2.W:Excuseme,couldyoutellmehowtogettothenearestsubwaystation?M:Gostraightdownthisstreetfortwoblocks,thenturnleft.You'llseeitrightnexttothebank.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Onthestreet.C.Atasubwaystation.3.M:IthoughtyouweregoingtotheconferenceinShanghailastweek.W:Iwasplanningto,butIhadtocancelbecausemybossassignedmeanurgentproject.Q:Whydidthewomancancelhertrip?A.Shewassick.B.Shehadtoomuchworktodo.C.Shecouldn'taffordthetrip.4.W:Thiscoffeeistoostrongforme.Iprefersomethinglighter.M:Whydon'tyoutrythelatte?It'smadewithmoremilkandhasamildertaste.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Addsomesugartothecoffee.B.Drinkacupofteainstead.C.Trythelatte.5.M:Ican'tfindmytextbookanywhere.Ihaveabigexamtomorrowmorning.W:Don'tworry.IsawLisausingabookthatlooksjustlikeyoursinthelibrary.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Lisastoletheman'sbook.B.Themanmightfindhisbookinthelibrary.C.Lisahasasimilarbook.第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。M:Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?W:Yes,please.Iboughtthisblenderherelastweek,butitdoesn'tworkproperly.M:I'msorrytohearthat.Whatseemstobetheproblem?W:WhenIturniton,itmakesaloudnoisebutthebladesdon'tspin.M:Doyouhavethereceiptwithyou?W:Yes,hereitis.M:Thankyou.Sinceit'swithinthewarrantyperiod,wecaneitherrepairitforyouorexchangeitforanewone.W:I'dpreferanexchange,please.Ineeditassoonaspossible.M:Noproblem.Letmecheckourstock...Yes,wehavethesamemodelavailable.I'llgetanewoneforyourightaway.6.Whatiswrongwiththeblender?A.Itistoonoisy.B.Thebladesarebroken.C.Itfailstospindespitemakingnoise.7.Whatsolutiondoesthewomanchoose?A.Togetarefund.B.Tohaveitrepaired.C.Toexchangeitforanewone.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。W:ProfessorSmith,Iwaswonderingifyoucouldwritealetterofrecommendationformygraduateschoolapplication.M:I'dbehappyto,Sarah.Whichuniversitiesareyouapplyingto?W:I'mfocusingonStanfordandMIT.M:Thoseareexcellentchoices.You'vedoneoutstandingworkinmyAdvancedAlgorithmsclass,especiallyyourfinalproject.W:Thankyou.Whendoyouthinkyoucanfinishit?M:I'mquitebusythisweekwithgradingpapers,butIshouldbeabletosenditoutbynextMonday.W:Thatwouldbeperfect.ThedeadlineisnextFriday.M:Alright,justsendmeyourpersonalstatementandCVsoIcanincludemoredetailsaboutyourbackground.8.WhydoesthewomanvisitProfessorSmith?A.Toaskabouthergrade.B.Torequestarecommendationletter.C.Todiscussherfinalproject.9.Whenwilltheprofessorfinishtheletter?A.Thisweek.B.NextMonday.C.NextFriday.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。M:Welcometotheshow,Dr.Chen.Youareanexpertonurbanplanning.Today,manycitiesarefacingtrafficcongestion.Whatdoyouthinkisthemaincause?W:Thankyou.Well,it'sacombinationoffactors.Theprimaryoneistheover-relianceonprivatevehicles.Asincomelevelsrise,morepeoplebuycars,butroadinfrastructurehasn'tkeptup.M:So,simplybuildingmoreroadsisn'tthesolution?W:Definitelynot.Infact,studiesshowthatexpandingroadsofteninducesmoredemand,aphenomenonknownas"induceddemand."Weneedaparadigmshift.M:Whatalternativesdoyousuggest?W:Publictransportationiskey.Weneedefficient,reliable,andaffordablebusandsubwaysystems.Additionally,promotingnon-motorizedtransportlikecyclingandwalkingcansignificantlyreduceshort-distancecartrips.M:Whatabouttheroleoftechnology?W:Technologyplaysahugerole.Smarttrafficmanagementsystemscanoptimizetrafficflowinreal-time.Moreover,thefutureofautonomousvehiclescouldpotentiallyreduceaccidentsandimproveroadcapacity,thoughthatcomeswithitsownsetofchallenges.10.AccordingtoDr.Chen,whatisthemaincauseoftrafficcongestion?A.Poorroadconditions.B.Over-relianceonprivatecars.C.Lackoftrafficlights.11.WhatdoesDr.Chensayaboutexpandingroads?A.Itistheonlysolution.B.Itoftenleadstomoretraffic.C.Itistooexpensive.12.WhichsolutionisNOTmentionedbyDr.Chen?A.Improvingpublictransportation.B.Encouragingcyclingandwalking.C.Banningprivatevehiclesincitycenters.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。W:I'vebeenreadingalotaboutrenewableenergylately.Itseemslikesolarpowerisbecomingverypopular.M:Yes,itis.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppeddramaticallyoverthepastdecade,makingitaccessibletomorehomeowners.W:Butisn'titdependentontheweather?Whathappensoncloudydays?M:That'sacommonmisconception.Solarpanelscanstillgenerateelectricityoncloudydays,thoughlessefficiently.However,therealgame-changerisbatterystoragetechnology.W:YoumeanliketheTeslaPowerwall?M:Exactly.Youcanstoretheexcessenergygeneratedduringthedayanduseitatnightorduringpoweroutages.Thismakessolaramuchmorereliablesourceofpower.W:Doyouthinkwewillevercompletelyswitchtorenewables?M:It'scertainlypossible.Withadvancementsinwindandhydropower,andbettergridmanagement,wecouldpotentiallyphaseoutfossilfuelsinthefuture.Butitrequirespoliticalwillandinvestment.13.Whyissolarpowerbecomingmorepopularaccordingtotheman?A.Itisindependentofweather.B.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdecreased.C.Thegovernmentprovidesfreebatteries.14.Whatisthefunctionofbatterystorageinsolarpowersystems?A.Togenerateelectricityoncloudydays.B.Toreducethecostofsolarpanels.C.Tostoreexcessenergyforlateruse.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkisnecessaryforacompleteswitchtorenewables?A.Betterweatherconditions.B.Morefossilfuelplants.C.Politicalwillandinvestment.听第10段材料，回答第16至20题。Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI'dliketotalkabouttheconceptof"emotionalintelligence,"orEQ.WhileIQ,orintelligencequotient,haslongbeenusedasameasureofcognitiveability,EQfocusesonemotionalcapabilities.Emotionalintelligenceisgenerallydividedintofourmaincomponents.Thefirstisself-awareness.Thisistheabilitytorecognizeandunderstandyourownemotions,andhowtheyaffectyourthoughtsandbehavior.Thesecondcomponentisself-management.Onceyouareawareofyouremotions,youneedtobeabletocontrolthem.Thisdoesn'tmeansuppressingfeelings,butratherexpressingthemappropriatelyandmanagingimpulses.Thethirdissocialawareness,orempathy.Thisinvolvestheabilitytopickupontheemotionsofotherpeopleandunderstandwhatisreallygoingonwiththem.Empathyiscrucialforbuildingstrongrelationships.Thelastcomponentisrelationshipmanagement.Thisistheabilitytouseyourawarenessofyourownemotionsandthoseofotherstomanageinteractionssuccessfully.Itincludesclearcommunicationandeffectiveconflictresolution.ResearchshowsthatpeoplewithhighEQtendtobebetterleaders,performbetteratwork,andhavehealthierrelationships.ThegoodnewsisthatunlikeIQ,whichisrelativelystable,EQcanbedevelopedandimprovedwithpracticeandeffort.16.Whatisthespeakermainlydiscussing?A.ThedefinitionofIQ.B.Theconceptofemotionalintelligence.C.Methodsforimprovingcognitiveability.17.WhatisthefirstcomponentofEQ?A.Self-management.B.Socialawareness.C.Self-awareness.18.Whatdoesself-managementinvolve?A.Suppressingallnegativeemotions.B.Controllingandexpressingemotionsappropriately.C.Ignoringhowemotionsaffectbehavior.19.Whyisempathyimportant?A.Ithelpsinunderstandingothers'emotions.B.Itimprovescognitiveabilities.C.ItincreasesIQscores.20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutEQcomparedtoIQ?A.EQismoreimportantthanIQ.B.EQcannotbechanged.C.EQcanbeimprovedthroughpractice.第二部分：英语知识运用第一节：单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21.Bytheendofnextmonth,thebridge______.A.willbecompletedB.willhavebeencompletedC.iscompletedD.wascompleted22.Itisessentialthathe______intimeforthemeeting.A.arrivesB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive23.______,theexperimentwouldhavesucceeded.A.IfhewascarefulB.HadhebeencarefulC.WerehecarefulD.Unlesshewascareful24.Thereason______hewaslatewas______hemissedthebus.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.why;becauseD.that;because25.Sheisoneofthefewstudentswho______thesolutiontotheproblem.A.knowsB.knowC.hasknownD.haveknown26.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.ComparingC.WhilecomparingD.Tocompare27.Thecommittee______overtheproblemforseveralhours,butnoconclusionhasbeenreachedyet.A.hasbeenarguingB.hasarguedC.hadbeenarguingD.argued28.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldkeepme______ofhowtheprojectisgoingon.A.informedB.informingC.toinformD.inform29.Notuntil______offthebus______thathehadlefthiswalletonit.A.hegot;didherealizeB.hegot;herealizedC.didheget;herealizedD.didheget;didherealize30.Themanager,togetherwithhisassistants,______toattendtheannualconference.A.areB.isC.wereD.be第二节：完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinvariousfields,fromhealthcaretofinance.However,asAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,acriticalquestionarises:Canmachinespossessconsciousness?Consciousness,thestateofbeingawareofandresponsivetoone'ssurroundings,haslongbeenconsideredauniquetraitoflivingbeings,particularlyhumans.Whilecomputerscan(31)______dataatincrediblespeedsandrecognizepatternswithhighaccuracy,thesubjectiveexperienceof"feeling"remainselusive.Somescientistsarguethatconsciousnessissimplyabyproductofcomplexinformationprocessing.Ifamachine's(32)______becomescomplexenough,theysuggest,consciousnessmightnaturallyemerge.Thisviewimpliesthatifwebuildaneuralnetworkwiththesame(33)______andcomplexityasthehumanbrain,itwillinevitablybecomeconscious.Others,however,disagree.Theybelievethatbiologicalprocessesplayacrucialroleinconsciousness.Thehumanbrainisnotjustacomputer;itisabiologicalorgan(34)______byemotions,hormones,andsurvivalinstincts.Accordingtothisperspective,simulatingthebrain'sfunctionsonsiliconchipsisnotenoughto(35)______thesubjectiveexperienceofbeingalive.Thedebateisnotjustphilosophical;ithaspracticalimplications.Ifweevercreateaconsciousmachine,wewillhaveto(36)______itmoralrights.Treatingaconsciousbeingasameretoolwouldbeunethical.Furthermore,understandingmachineconsciousnesscouldhelpussolvethe"hardproblemofconsciousness"inhumans—whyandhowphysicalprocessesinthebraingiveriseto(37)______experiences.Currently,AIsystemslikeChatGPTcangeneratetextthatsoundsincrediblyhuman-like.Theycanwritepoems,(38)______jokes,andevenexpressempathy.Yet,theircreatorsadmitthatthesesystemsaremerelypredictingthenextwordbasedonstatisticalprobabilities.Theydonot(39)______understandthemeaningofthewordstheygenerate.Aswemoveforward,thelinebetweenhumanandmachineintelligencemaycontinuetoblur.Whethermachineswillevertruly"wakeup"remainsoneofthemost(40)______questionsinscience.31.A.processB.createC.ignoreD.memorize32.A.sizeB.structureC.speedD.cost33.A.weightB.volumeC.architectureD.material34.A.controlledB.influencedC.definedD.surrounded35.A.produceB.recognizeC.imagineD.calculate36.A.grantB.denyC.sellD.teach37.A.physicalB.mentalC.subjectiveD.objective38.A.tellB.explainC.translateD.analyze39.A.genuinelyB.partiallyC.slowlyD.publicly40.A.boringB.simpleC.answeredD.profound第三部分：阅读理解第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。PassageOneThesharingeconomy,alsoknownasthepeer-to-peereconomy,hastransformedthewayweaccessgoodsandservices.PlatformslikeUberandAirbnbhavebecomehouseholdnames,allowingindividualstosharetheircarsandhomeswithstrangersforafee.Proponentsarguethatthesharingeconomypromotesresourceefficiencyandprovidesflexibleincomeopportunities.Afterall,whyshouldacarsitidleinagaragefor23hoursadaywhenitcouldbeearningmoney?However,thiseconomicmodelhasfacedsignificantcriticism.Onemajorconcernistheerosionofworkerrights.Driversforride-sharingappsareoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thisclassificationmeanscompaniesarenotresponsibleforprovidingbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Furthermore,theseworkerslackjobsecurityandcanbedeactivatedbythealgorithmatanymomentwithoutclearexplanation.Anotherissueistheregulatorygrayspaceinwhichmanysharingeconomyplatformsoperate.Traditionaltaxiservicesandhotelsareheavilyregulatedtoensureconsumersafetyandfaircompetition.Sharingeconomycompaniesoftenbypasstheseregulations,arguingthattheyaremerelytechnologyplatformsconnectingbuyersandsellers.Thishasledtoconflictswithlocalgovernmentsandestablishedindustries.Forexample,inmanycities,Airbnbhasbeenblamedfordrivinguphousingpricesandreducingtheavailabilityoflong-termrentalunits,aslandlordspreferthelucrativeshort-termtouristmarket.Despitethesechallenges,thesharingeconomycontinuestogrow.Ithasforcedtraditionalindustriestoinnovateandadapt.Consumershaveembracedtheconvenienceandlowercostsassociatedwiththeseservices.Thefuturelikelyliesinahybridmodelwherethebenefitsofsharingarebalancedwithstrongerregulatoryframeworkstoprotectworkersandcommunities.41.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thesharingeconomyisaperfectsolutiontomoderneconomicproblems.B.Thesharingeconomyhasbothbenefitsanddrawbacks.C.Traditionalindustrieswillbedestroyedbythesharingeconomy.D.UberandAirbnbarethemostsuccessfulcompaniesintheworld.42.Accordingtothepassage,whatisabenefitofthesharingeconomy?A.Itprovidesfull-timejobsecurity.B.Itreducestheneedforregulations.C.Itpromotestheefficientuseofresources.D.Itlowershousingpricesincities.43.Whyaredriversforride-sharingappsoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractors?A.Toallowthemtoworkwhenevertheywant.B.Toavoidpayingforemployeebenefits.C.Becausetheyowntheirowncars.D.Becausethelawrequiresit.44.WhateffectdoesAirbnbhaveonthehousingmarketaccordingtothetext?A.Itincreasestheavailabilityoflong-termrentals.B.Itdecreasesthecostofhousingforlocals.C.Itmaydriveuphousingprices.D.Ithasnoeffectonhousingprices.45.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A.Itwilldisappearduetoregulations.B.Itwillreplacealltraditionalbusinesses.C.Itwillevolvewithbetterregulations.D.Itwillstopgrowinginthenextdecade.PassageTwoQuantumcomputingisarevolutionarytechnologythatharnessestheprinciplesofquantummechanicstoprocessinformationinwaysthatclassicalcomputerscannot.Whileclassicalcomputersusebitsasthesmallestunitofdata,whichcanbeeithera0ora1,quantumcomputersusequbits.Aqubitcanexistinastateofsuperposition,meaningitcanrepresentboth0and1simultaneously.Thispropertyallowsquantumcomputerstoperformavastnumberofcalculationsatonce,offeringexponentialspeedupsforcertainproblems.OneofthemostfamousalgorithmsdesignedforquantumcomputersisShor'salgorithm,whichcanfactorlargeintegersexponentiallyfasterthanthebest-knownclassicalalgorithms.Thiscapabilityposesasignificantthreattocurrentencryptionmethods,suchasRSA,whichrelyonthedifficultyoffactoringlargenumberstosecuredata.Inresponse,researchersaredevelopingpost-quantumcryptographytocreateencryptionstandardsthatareresistanttoattacksfromquantumcomputers.Despitetheimmensepotential,buildingapracticalquantumcomputerisincrediblychallenging.Qubitsarehighlyfragileandsusceptibletodecoherence,whichisthelossofquantumstateduetointeractionwiththeenvironment.Maintainingthestabilityofqubitsrequiresextremeisolationandextremelylowtemperatures,oftenclosetoabsolutezero.Currently,quantumcomputersexistinnoisyintermediate-scalequantum(NISQ)era,wheretheyarepronetoerrorsandhavealimitednumberofqubits.Theapplicationsofquantumcomputingextendbeyondcryptography.Theyholdpromisefordrugdiscovery,materialsscience,andcomplexoptimizationproblems.Forexample,simulatingmolecularinteractionsatthequantumlevelcouldleadtothediscoveryofnewmedicinesandmaterialswithtailoredproperties.Whilewearestillintheearlystages,majortechcompaniesandgovernmentsareinvestingheavilyinthisfield,believingthatquantumsupremacy—thepointatwhichaquantumcomputerperformsacalculationthataclassicalcomputerpracticallycannot—iswithinreach.46.Whatisthemainadvantageofqubitsoverclassicalbits?A.Theyarelargerinsize.B.Theycanexistinastateofsuperposition.C.Theyaremorestableathightemperatures.D.Theyareeasiertomanufacture.47.WhyisShor'salgorithmmentionedinthepassage?A.Toexplainhowquantummechanicsworks.B.Toillustratethepotentialthreattocurrentencryption.C.Toshowhowtocreatenewmedicines.D.Toprovethatquantumcomputersareperfect.48.Whatis"decoherence"inthecontextofquantumcomputing?A.Theprocessofencryptingdata.B.Theabilitytofactorlargenumbers.C.Thelossofquantumstateduetoenvironmentalinteraction.D.Thespeedatwhichaquantumcomputerprocessesdata.49.Whatisthe"NISQ"eracharacterizedby?A.Fullyfunctional,error-freequantumcomputers.B.Quantumcomputersthatcanbreakanycode.C.Noisyquantumcomputerswithlimitedqubits.D.Classicalcomputerssimulatingquantummechanics.50.Accordingtothepassage,whichfieldcouldbenefitfromquantumcomputingsimulationofmolecularinteractions?A.Cryptographyonly.B.Drugdiscoveryandmaterialsscience.C.Weatherforecasting.D.Financialauditing.PassageThreeCulturalheritageisnotmerelyaboutpreservingoldbuildingsandartifacts;itisaboutmaintainingtheidentityandcontinuityofacommunity.Inanincreasinglyglobalizedworld,wherecitiesoftenlookidenticalwithglassskyscrapersandshoppingmalls,preservinglocalculturalheritagebecomesevenmorecritical.Itprovidesasenseofbelonginganddistinctivenessinahomogenizedworld.However,preservationoftenfacesconflictswithmodernization.Developingacityoftenrequiresland,andhistoricdistrictsaresometimesseenasobstaclestoeconomicgrowth.Thereisaconstanttensionbetweentheneedtoprovidehousingandinfrastructureforagrowingpopulationandthedesiretoprotecthistoricsites.ThisconflictisparticularlyacuteinrapidlydevelopingcountriesinAsiaandAfrica.Successfulpreservationrequiresasustainableapproach.Itshouldnotbeaboutfreezingacityintimeorturningitintoameremuseum.Instead,itshouldbeabout"adaptivereuse."Thisconceptinvolvesrepurposinghistoricbuildingsformodernuseswhileretainingtheircharacter.Forinstance,anoldfactorycouldbeconvertedintoanartgallery,oratraditionalhousecouldbecomeaboutiquehotel.Thisapproachnotonlysavesthebuildingbutalsorevitalizestheneighborhood,creatingeconomicvalue.Furthermore,thepreservationofintangibleheritage—suchastraditionalmusic,crafts,andlanguages—isequallyimportant.Thesetraditionscarrytheknowledgeandwisdomofancestors.Losingthemmeanslosingapartofhumanhistory.Governmentsandlocalcommunitiesplayavitalroleinsafeguardingthesetraditionsthrougheducation,festivals,andsupportforartisans.Inconclusion,culturalheritageisavaluableresourcethatenrichesourlives.Byfindingabalancebetweenpreservationandmodernization,wecanensurethatfuturegenerationsinheritaworldthatisbothmodernandculturallyrich.51.Whyispreservingculturalheritageimportantinaglobalizedworld?A.Tostoptheconstructionofglassskyscrapers.B.Toincreasethecostofshoppingmalls.C.Tomaintaincommunityidentityanddistinctiveness.D.Topromotetourismexclusively.52.Whatisthemainconflictmentionedinthepassage?A.Theconflictbetweentourismandlocalresidents.B.Theconflictbetweenpreservationandmodernization.C.Theconflictbetweendifferentcultures.D.Theconflictbetweengovernmentsandartisans.53.Whatdoes"adaptivereuse"mean?A.Destroyingoldbuildingstobuildnewones.B.Repurposingoldbuildingsformodernuses.C.Copyingoldarchitecturalstylesinnewbuildings.D.Preventingpeoplefromvisitinghistoricsites.54.Whichofthefollowingisconsidered"intangibleheritage"?A.Anoldfactory.B.Atraditionalhouse.C.Traditionalmusicandcrafts.D.Aboutiquehotel.55.Whatistheauthor'sviewonpreservation?A.Itshouldstopallmoderndevelopment.B.Itshouldonlyfocusontangibleartifacts.C.Itshouldbesustainableandbalancewithmodernization.D.Itistheresponsibilityofthegovernmentonly.PassageFourTheconceptofa"UniversalBasicIncome"(UBI)hasgainedtractioninrecentyearsasapotentialsolutiontotheeconomicdisruptionscausedbyautomationandartificialintelligence.UBIproposesaregular,unconditionalsumofmoneygiventoallcitizens,regardlessoftheiremploymentstatusorwealth.Thegoalistoprovideafinancialsafetynet,ensuringthateveryonecanmeettheirbasicneeds.AdvocatesofUBIarguethatitwouldreducepovertyandinequality.Byguaranteeingabaselineincome,itwouldempowerindividualstopursueeducation,startbusinesses,orengageincreativeworkwithouttheconstantfearofdestitution.Itwouldalsosimplifythewelfarestate,replacingacomplexwebofmeans-testedbenefitswithasingle,transparentpayment.Additionally,inafuturewhererobotsmaydisplaceasignificantportionoftheworkforce,UBIcouldserveasamechanismtoredistributethegainsofautomation.Critics,however,raiseseveralconcerns.Themostcommonobjectionisthecost.ProvidingameaningfulUBItoeveryadultwouldrequireamassiveincreaseintaxationorareallocationofexistinggovernmentbudgets,potentiallycuttingfundingforessentialpublicserviceslikehealthcareandeducation.Thereisalsothefearofdisincentivizingwork;criticsarguethatifpeoplereceivemoneyfordoingnothing,theymaydropoutofthelaborforce,leadingtoeconomicstagnation.Anotherconcernisinflation.Ifeveryonesuddenlyhasmoremoneytospend,demandforgoodsandservicescouldrise,potentiallydrivingupprices.ThiscouldnegatethepurchasingpowergainedfromtheUBI,particularlyifsupplydoesnotkeepup.Despitethesedebates,severalpilotprogramshavebeenconductedaroundtheworldtotesttheviabilityofUBI.Resultshavebeenmixed,withsomestudiesshowingimprovedmentalhealthandwell-being,whileothersshowminimalimpactonemploymentrates.Astechnologycontinuestoreshapethelabormarket,theconversationaroundUBIislikelytointensify,forcingsocietiestorethinktherelationshipbetweenwork,income,andsocialsecurity.56.WhatisthemainpurposeofUBI?A.Toincreasetaxesonthewealthy.B.Toprovideafinancialsafetynetforallcitizens.C.Toreplacealljobswithautomation.D.Toencouragepeopletoworkharder.57.Accordingtoadvocates,howcouldUBIaffectthewelfarestate?A.Itwouldmakeitmorecomplex.B.Itwouldeliminatetheneedforallwelfare.C.Itwouldsimplifyitbyreplacingmultiplebenefits.D.Itwouldincreasefundingforspecificservices.58.WhydocriticsworryaboutthecostofUBI?A.Itmightrequirecuttingfundingforotherservices.B.Itwouldmakepeopletoorich.C.Itistoodifficulttoadminister.D.Itwouldcauseadecreaseindemand.59.WhatisthepotentialinflationaryriskassociatedwithUBI?A.Increaseddemandcoulddriveupprices.B.Thegovernmentwouldprinttoomuchmoney.C.Businesseswouldstopproducinggoods.D.Peoplewouldsavealltheirmoney.60.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheresultsofUBIpilotprograms?A.TheyhaveproventhatUBIisaperfectsolution.B.TheyhaveshownthatUBIcauseseconomiccollapse.C.Theyhaveproducedvariedresultsregardingwell-beingandwork.D.Theyhavebeenstoppedduetohighcosts.第二节：阅读填空根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sleepisoftenviewedasatimewhenthebodyandbrainshutdownforrest.However,modernresearchhasrevealedthatsleepisadynamicstateessentialforcognitivefunctionandoverallhealth.(61)______.Duringsleep,thebrainconsolidatesmemories,processesemotions,andclearsouttoxinsthataccumulateduringwakinghours.OneofthemostcriticalstagesofsleepisRapidEyeMovement(REM)sleep.Thisisthestageassociatedwithvividdreaming.(62)______.Itplaysacrucialroleinlearningandmemoryconsolidation.StudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhogetadequateREMsleepperformbetterontasksrequiringlogicandcreativity.(63)______.Chronicsleepdeprivationhasbeenlinkedtoahostofhealthproblems,includingobesity,diabetes,andcardiovasculardisease.Lackofsleepweakenstheimmunesystem,makingindividualsmoresusceptibletoinfections.Furthermore,ithasaprofoundimpactonmentalhealth,increasingtheriskofanxietyanddepression.So,howmuchsleepdoweneed?Whileindividualneedsvary,mostadultsrequirebetweensevenandninehoursofsleeppernight.(64)______.Establishingaregularsleepschedule,creatingarelaxingbedtimeroutine,andavoidingscreensbeforebedcanallcontributetobettersleephygiene.Inourfast-pacedsociety,sleepisoftensacrificedforproductivity.