2024秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit 6 Beyond Earth语法知识讲义

第第页2024秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit6BeyondEarth语法知识讲义📖单元主题：超越地球——探索太空奥秘与人类航天成就，掌握一般将来时被动语态&现在完成时复习一、重点单词English中文拓展/变形beyond超出；在……较远的一边beyondtheearth超越地球；gobeyond超越completely彻底地；完全地completeadj./v.→completelyadv.mission任务；使命aspacemission太空任务telescope望远镜Xuntiantelescope巡天望远镜rover探测器；漫游者Marsrover火星探测器movement运动；活动movev.→movementn.geology地质；地质学geologistn.地质学家satellite人造卫星launchasatellite发射卫星humanbeing人；人类humanbeings人类（复数）rocket火箭launcharocket发射火箭exoplanet系外行星exo-（外）+planet→太阳系外行星spacecraft宇宙飞船单复数同形；amannedspacecraft载人飞船launch发射；发起launchv./n.；launcharocket发射火箭board板；登上onboard在船上/机上；goonboard登机/船manned载人的；需人操作的mannedmission载人任务；unmanned无人操作的weightless失重的；无重量的weightn.→weightlessadj.asleep睡着的fallasleep入睡（系表结构）crazy疯狂的；不理智的becrazyabout对……狂热solar太阳的；太阳能的solarenergy太阳能；solarsystem太阳系mysterious神秘的；奇怪的mysteryn.谜；神秘事物unmanned无人操作的un-（否定前缀）+manned→unmannedcrowded拥挤的crowdn./v.→crowdedadj.；becrowdedwith挤满maintain维修；保持maintenancen.维护（拼写变化！）require需要；要求requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事cancel取消；终止cancel→cancelled（双写l）→cancellationn.publish刊登；出版publishern.出版商；publicationerate合作；协作cooperatewith与……合作；cooperationn.operate操作；运行operationn.操作；手术explore探索explorespace探索太空；explorationn.benefit对……有益benefitv./n.；benefitfrom从……中受益resource资源naturalresources自然资源；runoutofresources耗尽资源二、词汇变形汇总completev./adj.完成/完整的→completelyadv.彻底地movev.移动→movementn.运动；活动mannedadj.载人的→unmannedadj.无人操作的（加un-否定前缀）weightn.重量→weightlessadj.失重的（加-less否定后缀）mysteryn.神秘→mysteriousadj.神秘的crowdn./v.人群/拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的maintainv.维护→maintenancen.维护（拼写变化！maintain→maintenance）requirev.需要→requirementn.要求cancelv.取消→cancelled（过去式，双写l）→cancellationn.publishv.出版→publishern.出版商→publicationeratev.合作→cooperationn.合作operatev.操作→operationn.操作；手术explorev.探索→explorationn.→explorern.探险家benefitv./n.受益/利益→beneficialadj.有益的fly→flew→flown（不规则变化！）→flightn.航班send→sent→sent（不规则变化）take→took→taken（不规则变化）go→went→gone（不规则变化）see→saw→seen（不规则变化）三、重点短语explorespace探索太空aspaceprogramme太空计划ChinaSpaceStation中国空间站TiangongSpaceStation天宫空间站Xuntiantelescope巡天望远镜Marsrover火星探测车Zhurongrover祝融号火星车landsuccessfullyonMars成功登陆火星amannedmissiontothemoon载人登月任务completethespacestation建成空间站sendastronautstospace向太空派送宇航员beeasilymaintained便于维护lifeinspace太空生活doexperiments做实验feelweightless感受失重lookatEarthfromspace从太空俯瞰地球dealwithdifficulties应对困难eatinspace在太空进食improveknowledgeofEarth加深对地球的认知theplaceofEarthintheuniverse地球在宇宙中的位置studyotherplanets研究其他行星understandEarth'sgeologyandhistory了解地球地质与历史spacetechnology航天技术benefitpeopleonEarth造福地球人类climatechange气候变化dealwithclimateproblems应对气候问题findnewresources寻找新资源runoutofresources资源耗尽anewhomeforhumans人类新家园developnewtechnology研发新技术continueMarsexploration持续火星探测buildinternationalresearchstations建造国际科研站cooperatewith与……合作carryout实施；执行onboard在飞船上；搭载stepbystep循序渐进allovertheworld=worldwide全世界四、重点句型★DoyouknowthatZhuronghassuccessfullylandedonMars?→你知道祝融号已经成功登陆火星了吗？（现在完成时）★Itishopedthatmannedmoonmissionswillbecarriedoutsoon.→人们希望载人登月任务很快将得以实施。（一般将来时被动语态）★TheTiangongspacestationwascompletedin2022.→天宫空间站于2022年建成。（一般过去时被动语态）★SpacetechnologycanbringbenefitstopeopleonEarth.→太空科技能造福地面人类。★ToimproveourknowledgeofEarthandtheuniverse.→为了加深对地球与宇宙的认知。（不定式表目的）★ItissaidthatVoyager1hasreachedtheedgeofthesolarsystem.→据说旅行者一号已经到达了太阳系的边缘。（现在完成时被动）★Resourceswillbesenttothespacestationregularly.→资源将定期被送往空间站。（一般将来时被动）★Ifwedon'tprotectourplanet,wemayhavetofindanewhomebeyondEarth.→如果我们不保护地球，可能不得不寻找地球之外的新家园。五、语法知识📌一般将来时被动语态&现在完成时综合&太空探索相关句型【一、一般将来时被动语态（本单元核心）】◆结构：will+be+过去分词Themissionwillbecarriedoutnextyear.（任务将于明年实施）Resourceswillbesenttothestation.（资源将被送往空间站）Mannedmoonmissionswillbelaunchedsoon.（载人登月任务将很快启动）◆否定：willnot(won't)+be+过去分词Thelaunchwon'tbecancelled.（发射不会被取消）◆疑问：Will+主语+be+过去分词?Willthespacestationbemaintainedeasily?—Yes,itwill.【二、现在完成时复习与巩固】◆结构：have/has+过去分词（本单元高频使用）ZhuronghaslandedonMars.（祝融号已登陆火星）Voyager1hasreachedtheedgeofthesolarsystem.（已到达太阳系边缘）Scientistshavediscoveredmanynewstars.（科学家已发现许多新星）◆标志词：already,yet,just,ever,never,since,forHaveyoueverseenarocketlaunch?（你曾经看过火箭发射吗？）【三、一般过去时复习（描述已发生的太空事件）】◆结构：主语+动词过去式+其他Theastronautwalkedinspacefiftyyearsago.（宇航员50年前太空行走）Thespaceshiplandedonthemoonsafelylongago.（飞船很久前安全登月）Scientistsdiscoveredmanynewstarslastmonth.（科学家上月发现新星）◆规则变化：explore→explored,launch→launched,study→studied◆不规则变化：fly→flew,see→saw,take→took,send→sent,go→went【四、三种时态被动语态对比表（必背！）】一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→Englishisspokenhere.一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→Thebookwaswrittenin2020.一般将来时被动：willbe+过去分词→Thetaskwillbefinishedsoon.【五、Itishoped/said/reportedthat...句型】◆Itishopedthat...人们希望……Itishopedthatpeacewilllastforever.（人们希望和平永续）◆Itissaidthat...据说……Itissaidthataliensmayexist.（据说外星人可能存在）◆Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeenfound.（据报道发现了一颗新行星）【六、carryout实施；执行】◆carryoutaplan/mission/task实施计划/任务Theexperimentwascarriedoutsuccessfully.（实验被成功实施）⚠️carryout是"动副结构"，宾语是代词时放中间：carryitout巩固练习一、单词/短语填空1.Anewbridge______(build)nextyear.2.Thework______(finish)bynextFriday.3.He______(work)heresince2020.4.Theletter______(send)tomorrowmorning.5.She______(live)inthiscityfortenyears.二、单项选择1.Thenewhospital______nextmonth.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.isbuilt2.Theproject______bytheendofthisyear.A.willcompleteB.willbecompletedC.iscompleted3.Hehas______inBeijingforfiveyears.A.liveB.livedC.living4.Thecar______(repair)now.A.isbeingrepairedB.wasrepairedC.willrepair5.Shehasalready______theletter.A.wroteB.writtenC.writes6.Alotoftrees______inourcityeveryspring.A.plantB.ar