2026秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit 1－Unit 8全册各单元Reading Plus全文精讲 + 语法解析 + 配套练习题（含答案）

第第页2026秋新教材人教版九年级上册英语Unit1－Unit8全册各单元ReadingPlus全文精讲+语法解析+配套练习题注：ReadingPlusUnit1在课本P81Unit1—LoveMyHometown,BuildMyHometown英文原文中文翻译语法/句式解析Withadeeplovefortheirhometown,peopleofdifferentagesandprofessionsarecontributingtoitsdevelopmentandgrowingalongwithit.怀着对家乡深沉的热爱，各行各业、不同年龄的人们都在为家乡的发展贡献力量，与家乡共同成长。1.“With+名词短语”在句中作伴随状语，用以铺垫语句背景；2.“ofdifferentagesandprofessions”为介词短语后置，修饰前面的名词people；3.句子谓语为现在进行时并列结构，后一分句省略了重复的助动词are；4.“contributeto”为固定搭配，意为“为……作出贡献”，to为介词。Today,letusexplorethreesuchstories.今天，就让我们走进三个这样温暖的家乡建设故事。祈使句，“letsb.dosth.”结构中，let后的宾语补足语使用不带to的动词不定式。Thewatermelonfarmer西瓜种植能手LiuGuanghuiisanagriculturaltechnologyexpertinwatermelonfarming.刘光辉是一名深耕西瓜种植领域的农业技术专家。主系表结构简单句，“inwatermelonfarming”介词短语后置，限定说明expert的专业领域。Althoughheismorethan70yearsold,hestillspendsmostofhisdaysworkinginthesunonthefarmland.虽然他已年过七旬，却依旧日复一日在田间烈日下辛勤劳作。1.although引导让步状语从句，在英语句式中，although与but不可连用；2.句中使用“spendtimedoingsth.”结构，表达“花费时间做某事”，介词in可以省略。Hewearsawidehat,andhisskinisbrownfromthesun.他头戴宽边草帽，肌肤被烈日晒得黝黑。and连接两个并列简单句，前后语义顺承；“fromthesun”介词短语在句中作原因状语。Helovesfarmingandhasspenthisliferesearchingwaystoimproveit.他热爱农耕事业，穷尽一生钻研农耕改良的方法。1.句子采用一般现在时与现在完成时混搭，分别体现常态动作与持续至今的动作；2.延续“spendtimedoing”句式；3.动词不定式“toimproveit”作后置定语，修饰名词ways，it指代前文的farming。Onhisdaysoff,Guanghuiprovideslocalfarmerswithtechnicaltrainingandguidanceforfree.闲暇之余，光辉免费为当地农户提供技术培训和种植指导。1.“providesb.withsth.”为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”；2.“onone'sdaysoff”表示“在某人的休息日”；3.“forfree”为副词短语，在句中作方式状语。Withjointeffortsofthegovernment,farmers,andexpertslikehim,thefarmingeconomyintheprovincehasgrownbymorethanonebillionyuanovertheyears.在政府、农户以及众多像他一样的专家的共同努力下，该省的农业经济多年来增收超十亿元。1.“Withjointeffortsof...”为介词短语作状语，用于交代语句背景条件；2.现在完成时中，by后接数值可表示增减的幅度；3.“overtheyears”常与现在完成时连用，体现动作的持续过程。Theflowerlive-streamer鲜花带货主播JiangHui'sfriendsandfellowvillagerscallherthe"flowergirl".江辉的亲友和乡亲们都称她为“花姑娘”。“callsb.sth.”结构中，名词短语sth.作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的身份。Whenshewasyoung,Huioftenvisitedheraunt'sflowerfieldafterschool,whereshelearnthowtogrowflowers.年少时，江辉常常放学后去往姑姑的花田，在那里学会了种花。1.when引导时间状语从句，交代人物背景；2.where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为flowerfield，在从句中充当地点状语；3.“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语。Shealsoshowedgreattalentinputtingdifferentflowerstogetherbeautifully.她还极具天赋，擅长将各类花卉巧妙搭配、组合造型。“showtalentindoingsth.”为固定搭配，意为“在做某事方面有天赋”，介词in后需接动名词形式。Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,Huidecidedtoreturntoherhometownandstartherownflowerbusiness.大学毕业后，江辉毅然回到家乡，自主创业，做起了花卉生意。1.动名词结构作时间状语，是状语从句的简化形式；2.“decidetodosth.”结构中，不定式作宾语，两个并列不定式可共用一个to。Topromotesales,shestartedtosellherflowersonline.为拓宽销路、提升销量，她开始通过网络售卖鲜花。动词不定式置于句首，在句中作目的状语，用以说明主句动作的目的。Itwashardatfirst,butshedidn'tgiveup.创业初期步履维艰，但她从未轻言放弃。but连接转折关系并列句；“atfirst”作时间状语，表示“起初、一开始”；“giveup”为固定动词短语，意为“放弃”。Shealwayspatientlyexplainedandofferedpracticaladvicetocustomers.她始终耐心对接客户，为大家提供实用的选购建议。句中explained与offered为并列谓语，时态保持一致；“offeradvicetosb.”为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供建议”。Gradually,heronlineshopbecamemorepopular.久而久之，她的网店口碑渐佳、人气日盛。主系表结构句子，gradually为副词作状语，描述动作进程；morepopular为形容词比较级，体现程度变化。Shealsohelpedandtaughtothervillagershowtosellagriculturalproductsonline.她还主动帮扶、指导村里其他村民线上售卖农产品。1.helped与taught为并列谓语，时态统一；2.“teachsb.howtodosth.”结构中，疑问词加不定式作宾语补足语。"Manypeoplenowknowabouttheagriculturalproductsfromourtown,"Huisaidwithabigsmile.“现在越来越多人了解到我们镇上的农产品了。”江辉笑着说道。直接引语句式；“knowabout”为固定短语，意为“了解、知晓”；“withabigsmile”介词短语作伴随状语，描述说话的状态。"Thismakesallthehardworkworthwhile!"“所有的辛苦付出，都值得了！”“make+宾语+形容词”结构中，形容词作宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的状态。Thevillageteacher乡村教师WhenYuanBailingwasalittlegirl,ittookheralmostanhourtogettoschooleachday,butshelovedschoolsomuchthatshenevermissedit.袁百灵小时候，每天上学要花费近一个小时的时间，但她十分热爱上学，从未缺过一次课。1.when引导时间状语从句；2.“ittakessb.sometimetodosth.”为形式主语结构，it无实际含义，动词不定式为句子真正主语；3.“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。Asshegrewup,shewitnessedhowhervillagechangedgreatlyovertheyears.随着年岁渐长，她亲眼见证了家乡这些年的巨大变迁。1.as引导时间状语从句，可表示动作同步伴随发生；2.how引导宾语从句，从句需使用陈述语序。Betterroadsandbridgeshavebeenbuilt.村里修建了更平整的道路、更坚固的桥梁。句子使用现在完成时的被动语态，侧重体现动作完成后留存的当下结果。Nowittakesonlytenminutesforchildrentogettoschool.如今，孩子们上学只需十分钟。形式主语句式，明确动作主体，句式规范简洁。Asthefirstpersonfromhervillagetograduatefromuniversity,Bailingdecidedtoreturntoherhometowntobecomeateacher.作为村里第一位大学生，百灵毅然返乡，成为一名乡村教师。1.as搭配名词短语，在句中作身份状语；2.动词不定式作后置定语，修饰被序数词限定的名词；3.句末不定式作目的状语，说明主句动作的目的。Shewantstohelpmorechildrengetagoodeducationandbepartofherhometown'sgrowthanddevelopment.她希望帮助更多孩子接受优质教育，助力家乡的成长与发展。“helpsb.dosth.”结构中，可省略不定式符号to，两个并列动词共同作宾语补足语。Thoughtheareastillneedsfurtherdevelopment,throughthecourageandhardworkofitspeople—likeBailing—ithasabrightfutureahead.尽管这片土地仍有进一步发展的空间，但有百灵这样的乡亲砥砺奋进，家乡必将拥有光明的未来。1.though引导让步状语从句，不与but连用；2.through引导的介词短语在句中作方式状语；3.破折号内容为插入语，用于补充举例。练习题一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Whatdoesthephrase“growingalongwithit”inParagraph1suggestaboutthelocalpeople?

A.Theyaregettingolderwhilestayingintheirhometown.

B.Theyarebecomingwealthierthanpeopleinnearbytowns.

C.Theyareplantingmoretreesandflowersaroundthevillage.

D.Theyaremakingprogresstogetherwiththeirhometown.WhydoesLiuGuanghuiofferfreetrainingtofarmersonhisdaysoff?

A.Heisrequiredtodosobythelocalgovernment.

B.Hewantstoearnextramoneyforhisretirement.

C.Hehasastrongpersonalcommitmenttofarmingandhelpingothers.

D.Hehopestobecomethemostwell-knownexpertinhisprovince.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJiangHuiaccordingtothepassage?

A.Talentedbutratherimpatient.

B.Creativeandgenerousinsharingherknowledge.

C.Successfulmainlybecauseofheraunt’sguidance.

D.Luckytohavestartedherbusinesswithoutdifficulty.HowdoesthewritershowthatYuanBailing’svillagehaschangedgreatly?

A.Bycomparingthetraveltimetoschoolinthepastandatpresent.

B.Bydescribingnewly-builthousesinthevillage.

C.Bylistingtheexactnumberofstudentsinthevillageschool.

D.Bygivingfiguresabouttheincreaseinfarmers'income.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A.Toexplainthestepstobecomeasuccessfulfarmer.

B.Toencouragereaderstocontributetothedevelopmentoftheirhometown.

C.Tocomparethelifestylesofpeopleindifferentjobs.

D.TointroducethenaturalsceneryoftheChinesecountryside.二、任务型阅读A）信息表格填空阅读短文，根据其内容完成下面的表格，每空限填一词。NameRoleAction/ContributionPersonalQualityLiuGuanghuiWatermelonfarmingexpertProvidesfreetechnical6.______tolocalfarmersDevoted/HelpfulJiangHuiFlower7.______TeachesvillagerstosellagriculturalproductsonlinePatientand8.______YuanBailingVillageteacherReturnstoteachchildrenandtakepartinthetown's9.______ResponsibleResult—Thefarmingeconomyhasgrownbyoverone10.______yuan—B）简答与表达WhatcausedYuanBailingtocomebacktoherhometowninsteadofstayinginabigcity?Whichperson’sstoryimpressesyoumost?Givetworeasonsbasedonthepassage.三、句子还原（七选五）阅读短文，从方框中的A—G选项中，选出五个合适的句子填入文中空缺处，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。LiuGuanghuiisanagriculturaltechnologyexpert.13.______.Helovesfarmingandhasspenthisliferesearchingwaystoimproveit.14.______.Withjointefforts,thefarmingeconomyintheprovincehasgrowngreatly.JiangHui,the“flowergirl”,decidedtoreturntoherhometownafteruniversity.15.______.Shepatientlyhelpedcustomersonlineandgraduallymadehershoppopular.16.______.______.Throughcourageandhardwork,theareahasabrightfutureahead.Asaresult,shealsotaughtothervillagerstosellagriculturalproductsonline.Thankstohisguidance,thefarmers'outputincreasedsignificantly.Asaresult,shealsotaughtothervillagerstosellagriculturalproductsonline.Thankstohisguidance,thefarmers'outputincreasedsignificantly.Althoughheisover70,hestillworksinthesunonthefarmlandeveryday.Manyyoungpeopleprefertostayinbigcitiesaftergraduation.Thestoriesofthesethreepeopleshowthateveryonecanmakeadifference.Shewasluckytohaveheraunt'sfullsupportfromthestart.Shestartedherownflowerbusinessandsoldflowersonline.参考答案一、阅读理解D解析：本题考查短语深层含义。文中“growing”与家乡搭配，表达人与家乡同步发展。A仅解读字面年龄变化，B、C内容原文无对应表述，均为文意曲解。C解析：本题考查人物行为动机。文本提及人物热爱农事、无偿提供帮扶，对应内在助人意愿。A、B、D相关表述在原文中无支撑信息。B解析：本题考查人物形象概括。文中写明人物具备专业能力，且主动分享经验、帮扶他人，可概括为富有创意、乐于分享。A中“急躁”与原文表述相反；C将成功主要原因归于他人引导，与文本不符；D“创业全程无困难”和原文情节冲突。A解析：本题考查文本写作手法。作者采用今昔上学耗时对比的方式体现乡村变化，其余三项内容文中未出现。B解析：本题考查文本写作意图。文章首尾均围绕参与家乡建设展开，行文旨在引导读者为家乡发展出力。A、C、D仅截取局部内容，无法概括全文主旨。二、任务型阅读traininglive-streamergenerous/kind解析：依据人物主动传授经验的行为归纳人物品质，无原文原词可匹配。growth/development解析：原文出现并列短语growthanddevelopment，填写二者其一即可。billion参考作答：Shereturnedtoherhometownbecauseshehadseengreatchangesthereandwantedtohelpchildrengetbettereducation.参考作答：IammostimpressedbyYuanBailing.First,shewasthefirstuniversitygraduateinhervillage,whichwasnoteasy.Second,shechosetogobacktoteach,showingastrongsenseofresponsibility.三、句子还原（七选五）13.C14.B15.G16.A17.E

注：ReadingPlusUnit1在课本P82Unit2—EdwardJennerandtheBattleAgainstSmallpox英文原文中文翻译语法/句式解析Smallpoxusedtobeoneoftheworstglobaldiseases.天花曾是全球最严重的疾病之一。“usedtobe”结构表示过去的状态，暗含如今已不再是该状态；“oneof+形容词最高级+复数名词”为常用结构，用于表述所属范围的类别。Itkilledmillionsofpeopleinhistory.在历史上，它夺走了数百万人的生命。简单句，it指代前文出现的smallpox；“millionsof”用于修饰可数名词复数，表达模糊的数量范围。However,wedonothearmuchaboutitanymore.但如今，我们几乎不再听闻天花的相关消息。however为副词，在句中作转折状语；“not...anymore”用于表述动作或状态不再延续。Why?为什么呢？Becauseitisnolongeraroundinnature.因为天花病毒已不再存在于自然界中。“nolonger”用于否定状态的延续，侧重时间维度的终止；“bearound”为常用表达，表示事物存在、存续。ThishappenedmainlybecauseoftheworkofEdwardJenner(1749-1823),anEnglishdoctorandscientist.这一改变的出现，主要归功于英国医生、科学家爱德华·詹纳（1749-1823）的研究工作。“becauseof”后接名词短语，用以表述原因，区别于引导从句的because；句末名词短语作同位语，用于补充说明人物身份。Jennerdidnothaveaneasychildhood.詹纳的童年并不顺遂。Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhiselderbrotherraisedhim.他年少时父母离世，由兄长抚养长大。and连接两个并列分句，语义顺承；when引导时间状语从句，限定事件发生的时间。Itwasdifficultforhimtodowellinschool,buthehadapassionfornature.他在学业上难以取得优异的成绩，却对自然充满热爱。句子为形式主语结构，it为形式主语，真正主语为后续的动词不定式；but连接转折分句，对比前后两种状态。At13,hebecameanapprenticetoadoctorforeightyears.13岁时，他成为一名医生的学徒，为期八年。“At13”为时间状语的简略表达；“for+时间段”用于说明动作持续的时长。Anapprenticeisayoungpersonwholearnsajobbyworkingforsomeoneelse.学徒是指通过为他人务工来学习职业技能的年轻人。who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ayoungperson；“bydoingsth.”在从句中作方式状语，说明动作的实现途径。Itwashardfordoctorstobewell-respectedatthattimebecausemodernmedicinehadnotfullydeveloped.在那个年代，现代医学尚未完全发展，医生也很难获得尊重。主句为形式主语结构；because引导原因状语从句；从句使用过去完成时，体现从句动作发生在主句动作之前。Whenhewas21,hestudiedatahospitalinLondon.21岁时，他在伦敦的一家医院进修学习。when引导时间状语从句，交代主句动作发生的时间背景。Afterhefinishedhisstudies,Jennerwentbacktohishomeinthecountrysidebecausehelikeditmore.完成学业后，詹纳因更偏爱乡村生活，回到了乡下的家中。after引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，两个从句嵌套使用，逻辑层次清晰；it指代前文的thecountryside。There,hebecameafamilydoctorandpeoplestartedtohearabouthisgoodwork.在乡下，他成为一名家庭医生，人们也渐渐知晓了他出色的医术。and连接并列分句，语义递进；“starttodosth.”表示开始执行某一动作；“hearabout”为固定短语，意为“听闻、得知”。Inhisfreetime,hecontinuedtodoresearchandstudynature.闲暇时间里，他坚持开展研究、探究自然。“continuetodosth.”后接动词不定式作宾语，表示持续开展某一动作；doresearch为常用搭配，意为“开展研究”。ItwaswhileworkingasadoctorthatJennerdiscoveredthatmilkmaids—womenwhomilkcows—rarelygotsmallpox.正是在行医的过程中，詹纳发现，挤奶的女工很少感染天花。本句为强调句型，用于强调时间状语；第一个that引导宾语从句，作discovered的宾语；破折号内为同位语搭配定语从句，用于解释说明milkmaids的含义。Theyoftengotcowpox,adiseaselikesmallpox,butthesemilkmaidsdidnotgetverysickandtheydidnotdie.她们常会感染牛痘，这是一种与天花相似的疾病，但女工们的病情较轻，不会致死。名词短语作同位语，补充解释cowpox；but连接转折并列分句，对比牛痘与天花的危害差异。Hewondered:Domilkmaidsgetprotectedfromsmallpoxjustbecausetheyoftengetcowpox?他心生疑惑：女工们不易感染天花，是否仅仅因为她们常感染牛痘？直接疑问句作宾语，用于表达人物的内心思考；被动结构用于表述被动防护的状态；because引导原因状语从句。Totestthis,Jennercameupwiththeideaoffirstgivingsomepeoplecowpox,thengivingthemsmallpox.为验证这一猜想，詹纳提出了一个实验思路：先让部分人感染牛痘，再让他们接触天花病毒。句首动词不定式作目的状语，说明后续动作的目的；“comeupwith”为固定短语，意为“提出、想出”；介词of后接动名词结构作宾语。Thesepeopledidnotgetthesmallpox!这些人最终没有感染天花。Aftermanyothertests,herealizedthatcowpoxcouldactuallybeusedtoprotectpeoplefromgettingsmallpox.经过多次实验后，他证实牛痘确实可以用来保护人们免受天花的感染。that引导宾语从句；从句使用情态动词被动结构，体现事物的用途；“protect...fromdoingsth.”为固定搭配，用于表达防护含义。Jennerinventedanewwordtodescribewhathehadcreated:"vaccine".詹纳创造了一个新词，用来命名他的这项发明——“疫苗”。动词不定式作目的状语；what引导宾语从句，作describe的宾语；从句使用过去完成时，体现动作发生在主句动作之前。ThewordcomesfromtheLatinwordfor"cow".这个单词源自拉丁语中表示“牛”的词汇。“comefrom”用于表述事物的来源。Itwaswonderfulthat,becauseofJenner'swork,smallpoxisnotaroundanymoreandpeoplenolongerdiefromit.得益于詹纳的研究，天花彻底消失，人类不再因天花丧生，这是一项伟大的成就。句子为形式主语结构，that从句为真正主语；“becauseof”短语作插入状语，补充说明原因；“diefrom”为固定搭配，用于表述因疾病、外因死亡。Hispioneeringresearchhasbeenusedtocreatevaccinesforotherdiseases.他的开创性研究，也被应用于其他疾病的疫苗研发工作中。句子使用现在完成时被动语态，体现研究成果持续产生的作用；动词不定式作目的状语，说明研究的应用方向。练习题一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WhatmadeJennerquestionthewidelyheldbeliefthatsmallpoxwasunavoidable?

A.Hefoundthatcowpoxwasfarmoredangerousthansmallpox.

B.Henoticedthatmilkmaidswhohadcowpoxseldomcaughtsmallpox.

C.Hebelievedthatalldiseasescouldbecuredbynaturalmethods.

D.Hewantedtotestanewlyinventedmedicineonhispatients.Theword“apprentice”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.

A.apersonwhoteachesinamedicalschool

B.astudentwhostudieswildlifeinthecountryside

C.adoctorwhohasopenedhisownclinic

D.ayounglearnerwhoworksunderanexperiencedworkerWhydidJennerchoosetosettleinthecountrysideafterhisstudiesinLondon?

A.Hewasunabletofindajobinthecity.

B.Heenjoyedtherurallifestylemore.

C.Hewasrequiredtotakecareofhiselderbrother.

D.Hewantedtocarryoutresearchonlocalmilkmaids.WhichproceduredidJennerfollowtotesthishypothesisaboutcowpox?

A.Hegavepeoplesmallpoxfirstandthenexposedthemtocowpox.

B.Heaskedmilkmaidstohelpcareforpatientswithsmallpox.

C.Hefirstgavepeoplecowpox,thenlaterexposedthemtosmallpox.

D.Heinventedtheword“vaccine”todescribehisnewmethod.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsJenner’sscientificwork?

A.Admiringandappreciative.

B.Skepticalbutinterested.

C.Disappointedyethopeful.

D.Indifferentandbored.二、任务型阅读A）流程图填空阅读短文，补全以下科研流程图，每空限填一词。

Jenner’sResearchPath

Step1–Observation→Milkmaidsoftengetcowpoxbut6.______getsmallpox.Step2–Question/Hypothesis→Doesgettingcowpox7.______peoplefromsmallpox?Step3–Experiment→Gavesomepeoplecowpoxfirst,thensmallpox.Theydid8.______getsick.Step4–Conclusion→Cowpoxcanbeusedto9.______peoplefromsmallpox.Step5–Naming→Createdtheword“vaccine”,fromtheLatinwordfor“10.______”.B）简答与表达WhatdifficultiesdidJennerexperienceinhisearlyyears,andhowdidhedealwiththem?Whichqualitydoyouthinkisthemostvaluableforascientist?UseJenner’sstorytosupportyourview.三、事件排序将詹纳人生中的下列事件按时间先后顺序排列。

A.Hedevelopedthevaccineforsmallpox.

B.Hebecameafamilydoctorinthecountryside.

C.HewenttoLondontostudyatahospital.

D.Hestartedworkingasadoctor’sapprentice.

正确顺序：13.______→______→______→______参考答案一、阅读理解B解析：本题考查因果推理。詹纳观察到感染牛痘的挤奶女工极少罹患天花，该现象打破了天花无法规避的固有认知。A表述与原文“牛痘不会造成严重病痛”相反；C、D无原文信息支撑。D解析：本题考查词义推测。后文给出释义，指跟随资深从业者学习技艺的年轻人，其余选项释义均偏离文本定义。B解析：本题考查细节定位。原文写明人物选择乡村定居是出于个人喜好，A、C、D相关内容原文未提及。C解析：本题考查实验流程梳理。原文清晰记录实验顺序为先接种牛痘，再接触天花病毒，A颠倒操作顺序，B、D不属于实验验证流程。A解析：本题考查作者情感倾向。文中使用wonderful、pioneering等词汇，体现出对詹纳研究工作的认可与敬佩。B质疑、C失望、D淡漠均和文本情感基调不符。二、任务型阅读rarelyprotect解析：原文短语getprotectedfrom变形，空格处需填写动词原形。not解析：改写原文didnotgetthesmallpox，提取否定词。protect解析：匹配原文固定搭配protectpeoplefrom。cow解析：原文写明vaccine一词源自拉丁语中代表“牛”的词汇。参考作答：Hisparentsdiedearlyandhedidnotdowellatschool,butheworkedhardasanapprenticeandlaterstudiedinLondon,whichhelpedhimbecomeasuccessfuldoctor.参考作答：CuriosityisthemostvaluablequalitybecauseJennerquestionedwhymilkmaidsweresafeandkeptresearchinguntilhefoundtheanswer.三、事件排序13.D→C→B→A解析：事件发展时序为：少年时期拜师学医→前往伦敦医院进修→回乡担任乡村家庭医生→研发天花疫苗。注：ReadingPlusUnit1在课本P84Unit3–TheProblemofProcrastination英文原文中文翻译语法/句式解析CathyknowsthatshehasanessaydueonMonday.凯西知道周一要交一篇论文。that引导宾语从句；形容词due作宾语补足语。However,insteadofbeginningworkonittoday,shewaitsuntilthelastminute,andstartsworkonSundaynight.然而，她并没有今天就开始，而是等到最后时刻，周日晚上才开始动笔。insteadof后接动名词；until引导时间状语。Ofcourse,itisimpossibletodoagoodjobwritinganessayinonenight,soshegetsabadgrade.当然，一晚上不可能写好一篇论文，所以她得了低分。it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语；so引导结果并列句。Shethenkicksherselffornotstartingearlierandpromisestodobetternexttime,butshedoesn't.之后她懊悔没有早点开始，并保证下次会做得更好，但并没有做到。and连接并列谓语；for后接动名词否定形式；but表转折。DoesCathy'sstorysoundfamiliar?凯西的故事听起来熟悉吗？LikeCathy,manyofusprocrastinate—weputoffdoingsomethingimportantuntilthelastmoment.像凯西一样，我们很多人都会拖延——把重要的事情拖到最后一刻。putoff后接动名词。Butwhydowedothis?但我们为什么会这样？Someresearchshowsthatweprocrastinatebecauseofnegativefeelings,suchasfearorworry.一些研究表明，我们拖延是因为负面情绪，比如恐惧或担忧。that引导宾语从句；becauseof搭配名词短语。Weareafraidofdoingapoorjoborgettingbadgrades.我们害怕做不好或得低分。beafraidof后接动名词。Wethinkthatwemightfail.我们觉得自己可能会失败。that引导宾语从句，might表推测。Weputoffdoingtheworkinordertoavoidhavingthesebadfeelings.我们推迟工作是为了避免这些不好的感受。putoff、avoid后均接动名词；inorderto作目的状语。Sadly,wearemorelikelytofailordopoorlywhenweprocrastinate.可悲的是，拖延时我们更可能失败或表现不佳。when引导时间状语从句。Thiscreatesevenmorenegativefeelingsandmakesitmorelikelythatwewillprocrastinatethenexttime.这又会产生更多负面情绪，让我们下次更可能拖延。it作形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语。Thelong-termsolutiontothisproblemistodealwithournegativefeelings.这个问题的长期解决方案是处理我们的负面情绪。不定式todealwith作表语；solution搭配介词to。Weneedtoforgiveourselvesforfailing.我们需要原谅自己的失败。forgivesb.fordoing固定搭配。Weneedtoacceptthatsometimeswewillnotmeetthemark.我们需要接受有时我们达不到标准。Wealsoneedtorealizethatdifficultworkisn'talwaysabadthing.我们还需要认识到，困难的工作并不总是坏事。Itisthroughdifficultythatwelearnandgrow.正是通过困难，我们学习和成长。Itis...that强调句型，强调方式状语。Sowhatcanwedo?那我们能做什么呢？Herearesometips.以下是一些建议。Herebe完全倒装句式。First,realizethatoncewefaceourfearsandgetstarted,ourfearsoftengoaway,andwestarttoenjoythework.首先，认识到一旦我们面对恐惧并开始行动，恐惧通常会消失，我们也会开始享受工作。that引导宾语从句；once引导时间状语从句。Second,breaklargeprojectsintosmallparts,eachwiththeirownsmallerdeadline.第二，把大项目分解成小部分，每部分都有自己的小截止日期。祈使句；eachwith...独立主格作补充说明。Takeeachthingstepbystep.一步一步来。Third,rewardyourselfforgettingastepdone.第三，每完成一步就奖励自己。rewardsb.fordoing固定搭配。Relaxordosomethingfun,thengetbacktowork.放松一下或做点有趣的事，然后继续工作。Finally,removetemptation.最后，消除诱惑。ThismeansifyouwatchTVtoputoffwork,thenworkatthelibrary.也就是说，如果你看电视来拖延工作，那就去图书馆工作。means后省略that；if引导条件状语从句。Ifyouchatwithfriendstoputoffwork,thenworkaloneandturnoffyourphone.如果你和朋友聊天来拖延，那就独自工作并关掉手机。if引导条件状语从句，后接并列祈使句。Findaplacetoworkthatdoesnothavesuchdistractions.找一个没有此类干扰的地方工作。不定式作后置定语；that引导定语从句修饰place。Intheend,itisuptoyouandtheactionsyoutaketoovercomeprocrastination.最终，克服拖延取决于你自己和你采取的行动。itisupto固定结构；youtake省略关系代词的定语从句。Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?那你还等什么呢？反问句式，现在进行时表持续动作。练习题一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WhatisCathy’smainproblemaccordingtothepassage?

A.Shealwaysdelaysdoingimportanttasksuntilthelastminute.

B.Shelacksthebasicskillstowritegoodessays.

C.Shedoesnotknowhowtoaskothersforhelp.

D.ShespendstoomuchtimewatchingTVeveryday.Theunderlinedword“procrastinate”inParagraph2mostlikelymeans______.

A.tocompleteataskveryquickly

B.tofocuscompletelyonthepresentmoment

C.tomakeacarefulplanforfuturework

D.topostponedoingsomethingimportantAccordingtotheresearchmentioned,whatistherootcauseofprocrastination?

A.Physicaltirednessandlaziness.

B.Toomuchhomeworkfromschool.

C.Negativeemotionslikefearandworry.

D.Lackofgenuineinterestinthesubject.Whichofthefollowingsuggestionsdoesthewritergivetoovercomeprocrastination?

A.Alwaysworktogetherwithyourfriends.

B.TurnontheTVtorelaxbeforestartingwork.

C.Breaklargeprojectsintosmallerpartswithdeadlines.

D.Waituntilyoureallyfeellikeworking.Whatisthewriter’sfinalviewonprocrastination?

A.Itisaproblemthatcanhardlybechanged.

B.Itcanbedealtwiththroughproperactions.

C.Ithappensonlytothosewhoarelazy.

D.Itactuallyhelpspeopleworkbetterunderstress.二、任务型阅读A）信息表格填空阅读短文，根据其内容完成下面的表格，每空限填一词。CausesofProcrastinationSuggestedSolutionsNegative6.______likefearandworryFacethefearsandsimplygetstartedFearofpoorperformanceorgetting7.______gradesForgiveyourself;acceptthatyoumaynotalways8.______thestandardTryingtoavoidunpleasantfeelingsSplitbigprojectsintosmallparts,eachwithitsown9.______10.______yourselfaftercompletingeachsmallstepRemovetemptationsandstayawayfromdistractionsB）简答与表达Whydoesprocrastinationleadtoevenmorenegativefeelings,accordingtothepassage?Whatisyourmosteffectivewaytoavoidprocrastinationinyourstudies?Explainwhyitworksforyou.三、句子还原（七选五）阅读短文，从方框中的A—G选项中，选出五个合适的句子填入文中空缺处，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。CathyknowsshehasanessaydueonMonday.13.______.Ofcourse,itisimpossibletodoagoodjobinonenight,soshegetsabadgrade.Whydoweprocrastinate?Someresearchsuggestsitislinkedtonegativefeelings.14.______.Wedelaytheworktoavoidtheseunpleasantemotions.Thelong-termsolutionliesinmanagingourfeelings.15.______.Acceptthatsometimeswewillnotmeetthemark.Herearesomepracticaltips.First,oncewestart,fearsoftendisappear.Second,breakbigtasksintosmallerones.16.______.Third,giveyourselfareward.Finally,removetemptations.17.______.A.Weneedtoforgiveourselvesforpastfailures.

A.Weneedtoforgiveourselvesforpastfailures.

B.However,insteadofstartingtoday,sheputsitoffuntilSundaynight.

C.Weareafraidoffailingordoingpoorly.

D.Workinadistraction-freeplacelikealibrary.

E.Takeeachsmallsteponebyone.

F.Waitinguntilthelastmomentcanactuallyboostcreativity.

G.Procrastinationisacommonproblemamongstudents.参考答案一、阅读理解A解析：本题考查事实细节定位。文中核心描写Cathy将任务拖延至截止前一刻，其余三项均为次要表象或无关内容。D解析：本题考查词义推测。下文短语putoffdoingsomethingimportant为该词同义释义，其余选项语义均相反。C解析：本题考查因果细节锁定。原文明确说明拖延的根源是恐惧、焦虑等负面情绪，A、B、D相关表述文中无对应内容。C解析：本题考查文本建议筛选。作者提出拆分大型任务并设置分段时限的方法。A与原文建议独立完成任务相悖；B中电视属于需要隔绝的干扰项；D与“直面恐惧、立刻行动”的建议冲突。B解析：本题考查作者文末观点。文章结尾提出，依靠自身行动可以克服拖延问题。A认为难以改变、C限定人群、D认可拖延作用，均和文本表述不符。二、任务型阅读feelingsbad解析：匹配原文badgrades短语。meet解析：对应原文meetthemark固定表达。deadlineReward解析：源自原文rewardyourself，表格句首单词首字母大写。参考作答：Whenweprocrastinate,wearemorelikelytofailordopoorly,whichinturnmakesusfeelmoreworriedandguilty.参考作答：Ioftenbreakmyhomeworkinto20-minutesectionsandtakeshortbreaks.Thisworksbecauseitmakesthetasklessdauntingandkeepsmefocused.三、句子还原（七选五）13.B14.C15.A16.E17.D

解析：第13空选用B，与周一交稿的前提形成转折，体现拖延行为；第14空选用C，具体阐释前文提及的各类负面情绪；第15空选用A，与后文接纳自身不足形成配套调整心态的建议；第16空选用E，承接拆分任务，说明分步执行的操作方式；第17空选用D，对应消除外界干扰的建议。

干扰项辨析：F宣扬拖延利于创作，与全文批判拖延的核心立意相反；G虽表述客观，但无法承接前后文逻辑，不予选用。注：ReadingPlusUnit1在课本P86Unit4BrainSports英文原文中文翻译语法/句式解析Howgoodisyourmemory?你的记忆力有多好？Howmanywordscanyoumemorizein15minutes?你15分钟内能记住多少个单词？情态动词can表主语具备的能力；句末介词短语作时间状语。Well,somepeoplecanmemorize335words.嗯，有些人能记住335个单词。情态动词can后接动词原形，用以表述人物具备的能力。Somepeopleareevenmoreamazing.有些人甚至更加厉害。even可修饰形容词比较级，用于加强语气，体现程度递进。Forexample,someoneoncememorizedtheorderof2,530playingcardsinjustonehour!例如，有人曾在一小时内记住了2530张扑克牌的顺序！forexample为插入语，用于举例佐证前文内容；句中介词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词order，限定修饰对象。Justastherearesportscompetitionsusingourbodies,therearealsosportscompetitionsusingourminds,suchastheWorldMemoryChampionships.正如有锻炼身体的体育赛事，也有锻炼脑力的脑力赛事，例如世界记忆锦标赛。justas引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”，形成句式类比；前后两句均为therebe存在句型；现在分词作后置定语修饰名词；suchas用于列举事例。ThesewereheldinWuhan,China,in2019.该赛事于2019年在中国武汉举办。Thereweremanydifferentevents.比赛设置了多种多样的项目。Forinstance,the"brainathletes"hadtorememberasmanynamesandfacesastheycouldorasmanywordsaspossiblein15minutes.例如，“脑力运动员”需要在15分钟内尽可能记住更多人名面孔，或是尽可能多的单词。hadto为情态动词，表客观层面的必要性；句中包含两组同级比较结构，表“尽可能”；or连接并列宾语。Whileyoumightthinkthatthesecompetitorswereallbornwithastrongmemory,thisisoftennottrue.虽然你可能认为这些参赛者天生就拥有超强记忆力，但事实往往并非如此。while引导让步状语从句，表“虽然、尽管”；might用于委婉推测；that引导宾语从句，作谓语动词think的宾语；bebornwith为固定搭配，意为“天生具有”。Forexample,onechampionhasanaveragememory,buthemakesfulluseofmemorytechniques.例如，有一位冠军的记忆力平平，但他充分运用了记忆技巧。but连接前后转折分句；makefulluseof为固定短语，在句中作谓语，意为“充分利用”。So,ifhewantstorememberthenamesoftheGreatLakesintheUS,hethinksofHOMES,becauseeachletterinHOMESstandsforadifferentlake.所以，如果他想要记住美国五大湖的名称，就会联想到HOMES这个单词，因为单词中的每个字母都代表一个不同的湖泊。if引导条件状语从句，铺垫前提条件；because引导原因状语从句，解释主句行为的原因；standfor为固定短语，意为“代表、象征”。Manycompetitorsusewhatiscalleda"memorypalace"torememberthings.许多参赛者会使用一种名为“记忆宫殿”的方法来记忆事物。what引导宾语从句，构成固定句式whatiscalled...，意为“所谓的……”；句末动词不定式结构作目的状语，说明主句动作的目的。Whilemostpeopleareterribleatrememberinglists,theyarequitegoodatrememberingwherethingsare.虽然大多数人不擅长记忆列表类信息，但很擅长记住物品的位置。while引导让步状语从句，表对比转折；beterribleat、begoodat后均接动名词作宾语；where引导宾语从句，作remembering的宾语。Thinkaboutyourbedroom.想一想你的卧室。Youcanprobablypictureinyourmindwhereeverythinginyourbedroomis.你大概率能在脑海中浮现出卧室里所有物品的位置。pictureinyourmind为固定短语，意为“在脑海中想象”；where引导宾语从句，作谓语动词picture的宾语，从句为陈述语序。Now,pictureinyourmindthethingsonthelistindifferentplacesinyourbedroom.现在，在脑海中将清单上的事物对应到卧室的不同位置。Later,ifyouwanttorememberthewords,allyouneedtodoistorememberthepicture.之后，如果你想要记住这些单词，只需回忆对应的画面即可。if引导条件状语从句，主语为省略关系代词的定语从句结构；动词不定式在句中作表语。Memorycompetitionsarenotforeveryone,andnoteveryoneisabrainathlete.记忆赛事并非适合所有人，也并非人人都能成为脑力运动员。and连接两个并列分句，语义递进；noteveryone为典型的部分否定结构，意为“并非所有人”。Ontheotherhand,someoftheirmemorytechniquesmaybeusefulforyouinyourstudies.但另一方面，他们的一些记忆技巧对你的学习可能会有所帮助。ontheotherhand为固定过渡短语，表语义转折；情态动词may表委婉推测；beusefulfor为固定搭配，意为“对……有用”。Youshouldgivethematry!你应该试一试！情态动词should用于委婉提建议；givesth.atry为固定口语短语，意为“尝试、试一试”。练习题一、阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WhatcanbelearnedabouttheWorldMemoryChampionshipsfromthepassage?

A.TheyareheldonlyinChinaeveryyear.

B.Theyarelesssignificantthanphysicalsportsevents.

C.Onlythosebornwithexceptionalmemorycanwin.

D.Competitorsneedtomemorizenames,facesorwords.Theword“avera