2023年北京高考英语真题及答案

2023年北京高考英语真题及答案

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。

Iwasalwaystimid（羞怯的）.Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven],soitwassurprising

I'd2toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice-towriteafive-psgeessayon

“MhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!

AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat-postponingthepain.

WhenIfinallysatdowntc3,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.

Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedon

mypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?Withouttheeducation

Iwti5thiowingaway,I'dluinLutheftundgutopiison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldbay,“She

usedtotalkinclass.wThepagesbegan5.

Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6,“Fivepages!That'simpossible!”

“Kell,you*dbettergetbacktowork,“shesaid,“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou're

through.M

Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda7-atleastan”1

hopeyou'velearnedyourlesson”.8,mumlaughedandlaughedasshereac.

Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9

theyweren,tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafur.nystory.

My.10stillneededsomenudging（激发），butIdidlearnIwasn*tshyinprint.

1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier

2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat

3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read

4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing

5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin

6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning

7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution

8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead

9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict

10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence

第二节(共15分)

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I'mBritish.

SocnaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I11(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatly

surprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup12(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedto

France.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnoother

guest13(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheir

coirplexroots.When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthese

reasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China16(establish)anumber

ofprotectedareaswithmangroves.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Al1ofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocalIattention

17globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,

18thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction

19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld20(face)“toolittlewater

ortoodirtywaterw.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobal

cairpaigncalled“RunBlue”.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

TheInternationalOlympicCommi11ee（IOC）YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakea

positivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeing

selectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthe

messageofsportforgood.

TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint（冲刺）.

4-WeekLearningSprint

The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearning

pregramme.Thesessionscanb?attendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableon

theIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswi11beaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflection

task.

The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and

28.

Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwi11needtosubmitaplanfor

asport-basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.

RequirementsfortheApplicants

•Youhavesuccessfullyconpletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.

•Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.

,Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.

,Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.

•Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.

•Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.

•Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexperisandpeers（同伴）.

•Youareabletoworkwithpeop1efromdifferentbackgrounds.

21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill,

A.createchangeintheircomnunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogramme

C.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject

22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto.

A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannel

C.workonasport-basedprojectI）,coachandadvisetheirpeers

23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?

A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastoneyearworkexperience.

CShowinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.

Sittinginthegardenformyfriend*sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz（振动）inmypocket.Myheart

racedwhenIsawtheemailsenderJsname.Theemailstartedoff:aDearMrGreen,thankyoufor

yourinterestnand“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected."11endedwith“Nearesorry

toinformyou***Mandmyvisionblurred（模糊）.Theposition-measuringsoi1qualityintheSahara

Desertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme-hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspent

yearslookingfor.

Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeant

theendoftheroadformysciencecareer.

SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningthe

pregramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,anda

fewweekslaterIwasequal1yshocked—andoverjoyed-whensheinvitedmetotalkwithherabout

pulenlicilpiojeulbIuuuldpurt>ueinhexlab.Wliaishepiopobeddidn,IseemusexcitingasIlie

originalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.

Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthe

desertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefronmysofainsteadofintheburningheat

ofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdicin't.In

theend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.

When1appliedtograduateschool,1foundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollow

mydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.When

Iwasrejectedfromonethataadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.But

thistimeIhadtheperspective（视角）tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.Ithelpedthatin

theendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.

Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I'velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotakethe

opportunitiesthatareofferee,eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemost

ofthem.

24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender,sname?

A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.

25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto.

A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesert

C.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork

26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas

A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.

C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.

Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowa

significantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcauses

andconsequencesleadstosomeaftheworld'smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversity

collapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere

“cnlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandby

theboredomofanunendingnor”.

Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent,focusingonloud

attractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityof

theirfutureselvesorconununity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.

Andonslow-burningproblemsikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwi11ingnesstomake

smallsacrifices（牺牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Insteac,allthat

mattersisnextquarter'spi'Dfit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.

Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosav,though,

thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People,shesitancytodelaysatisfactionis

themostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthornisabouthowthemostaccessible

informationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeone

say:"It'scoldthiswinter,soIneedn*tworryaboutglobalwarming."Anotheristhatloud

andurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthat

arguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradual

biodiversitydecline.

Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens（夕卜星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn't

sendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmental

transformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemoryM,andeachnewgeneration

canbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.01derpeopletoday,

forexample,canrememberatimewithinsectcoveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,

ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.

28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.

A.drawacomparison

B.introduceatopic

C.evaluateastatement

D.highlightaproblem

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

AClimatechangehasbeenforgotten.

B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.

C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.

【）.Humansareunwi11ingtoaduittheirshortcomings.

30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Ftuledthinkingiiitilleistoliumdiits.

B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.

C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.

D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.

Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.

Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeof1ifeandil'schailengingtodosciencewith

asamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematic

attempttospelloutlife*sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-called

ALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhdtlifeis.

Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipe

targetforcriticism,suchasceclarationsofthefield*sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,

acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint“ofALifemight

be,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabout

theuseofanything."Alansays."Somepeopleaskme,'Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife?’

Doyoueverthink,4Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother??“

AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch*sapplications,theattemptstocreate

artificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife's

cousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution

（演化）.Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateesscn:iallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasort

ofunoveltygeneratorw.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.Ifthe

fieldofAl.ifemanagestoreproducelife'sendlessMcreativityMinsomevirtualinode1,those

saireprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.Onereason

isthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.Thelack

ofagreementamongALifersdocsn,thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthat

eachadvancealongtheiruniqJGpaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectit

studies.Itsmudd1ed（混乱的）progressionisastrikingparallel（平行线）totheevolutionary

strugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.

UndefinedanduncontrolledALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgenerated

novelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren,tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.

Theymayapplyuniversallytuallciultsufevolution.UItinicilelyALifemaybenothingbpeuial.

Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,

theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.

31.RegardingAlanSmith*sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

32.Whatdoestheword“enamored”under1inedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

AShocked.B.rrotected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.

C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?

B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?

C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?

D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?

第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

It'sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamilies

astheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystems

tohelpmakeadecision.35

When1talktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they*reoftensurprisedthatteaching

excellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36

Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scored

higheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteaching

excellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudent

success.QualityteachingisDneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollege

outcomes.

Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.

Adirinistratorsoftendon'tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment（注册）or

funding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelower

theirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,

whichleadtolowersuccessrates.

39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingare

rewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelorgterm,

universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeeichingavalued,

corepartofthemission.

Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationto

universitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.

A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.

B.Therefore,it,snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.

C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-bui1dingfactor.

D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.

E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.

F.They'reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.

G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4题;第⑴、（2）题各2分，第⑶题3分，第⑷题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountless

habitsastheyexplorethewor.d,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabits

takeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.

Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitin

thecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues（刺激）withbehavioural

responsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviour

itselfarelikelytobetriggered（触发）bythesecues.

Auhabitloop（环）“isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.

Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserve

asacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward-thereductionofstress.Whi1e

aroutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it*snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep

-rootedurge,asahabitis.

Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.But

throughrepetition,it*spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabit

willdependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyou

areabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.

Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre-evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem

（ordon't）.Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechange

reflectsyourvalues.

40.Howarehabitsbuilt?

41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunder1ineitandexplain

why.

Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.

43.Whatbenefit（s）haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?（Inabout40words）

第二节（20分）

44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动,

他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括:

⑴活动形式；

(2)活动内容。

注意：(1)词数100左右；

(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim,

Yours,