世纪英语教程 13

第六章

形容词一、介词的分类英语中的形容词（Adjective）用来说明人、物等是什么样的，提供人、物等的笼统或确切的信息。形容词在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。如：I’mlookingforwardtoyourfavorableresponse.（定语）Eradicatingabsolutepovertyishistoricallysignificant.（表语）Makethepersonalinformationconciseandcompleteintheapplicationletter.（宾语补足语）“the+形容词”表示一类人，相当于一个名词，在句中可作主语或宾语。如：Inthiscountry,acollegeeducationisnotviewedasaprivilegereservedforthewealthyortheacademicallytalented.在这个国家，大学教育已不是有钱人和有学习天赋的人的特权。二、不可分级形容词大多数的形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。然而，有一些形容词是不可以分级的，如daily,dead,medical,excellent,unique,peculiar,superior（更好的），inferior（比……差的，次的），prior（先于……的），junior（年幼的），senior（年长的），preferable（更好的）等。其中有些形容词常常与to搭配，虽然不可以分级，却具有比较的含义。如：ManycriticsconsiderBrowningsuperiortoTennysonasapoet.许多评论家认为，作为一个诗人，勃朗宁超过丁尼生。Weareinferiorinequipmentbutsuperiorinmoraletotheenemy.我们的装备比敌人差，但士气比敌人高。Therewillbemuchdiscussionpriortothefinalagreement.在达成最终协议之前会有很多讨论。三、形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则：单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er或-est；多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或most。1.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成方法规则变化不规则变化构成方法词例词例原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级一般情况下，词尾加-er/-estsmallsmallersmallestgoodbetterbest以-e结尾的词加-r/-stlargelargerlargestwell以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母后加-er/-estthinthinnerthinnestbadworseworst辅音字母加y结尾的词，改y为i加-er/-estdrydrierdriestlittlelessleast多音节词和部分双音节词一般加more或mostusefulmoreusefulmostusefulmanymoremostmuchfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest三、形容词的比较级和最高级（1）两个人或物比较，用比较级。如：OurMarxistpartyofover96millionmembersenjoysgreaterunityandsolidaritythan

ever.(FromReporttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina)我们这个拥有九千六百多万名党员的马克思主义政党更加团结统一。（选自党的二十大报告）（2）三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，其中一个在某一方面超过或不如其他几个，用最高级。最高级的前面加定冠词the，后面可带of(in)短语来限定比较范围。如：Printingisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.印刷术是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。Springisthebestseasonofayear.春天是一年中最美好的季节。2.形容词比较级和最高级的用法三、形容词的比较级和最高级（3）表示双方程度相等或不相等，用“as...as”，“notas(so)...as”。如：Theyarehavingalmostasmuchemploymentasweare.他们的就业率几乎和我们一样。Heisnotsosmartasothers,butheisthemostdiligent.他虽然不是最聪明的，但他是最努力的。2.形容词比较级和最高级的用法四、定语形容词和表语形容词形容词用在名词前是作定语；用在系动词后是作表语。如：Shespeakswithacoldvoice.(定语)Itissocoldtoday.（表语）1.有些形容词作表语用来描述健康状况，如faint,ill,poorly,unwell,well,fine,sick,healthy。He’sill/unwell.Hefeelsfaint.I’mfine.Thanks.2.有些形容词只能够用来作表语，如afloat,afraid,alight,alike,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,alone,alive。请比较下列例子：Theshipisafloat.（表语）这艘船漂浮着。thefloatingship（定语）漂浮着的船Thefishisalive.（表语）这鱼是活的。Itisalivefish.（定语）这是一条活鱼。五、不同层次的形容词修饰同一中心词当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词或名词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题。一般按下列次序排列：限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词、分词或名词→名词中心词。如：awell-knownSwedishmedicalschool一所著名的瑞典医科学校ThisisabeautifuloldbrownFrenchwoodencupboard.这是一个漂亮的旧的棕色法国木制碗橱。六、形容词比较级的前置修饰语1.用alittle,abit,alittlebit,slightly,somewhat等表示两者相差不大，即“……一点”或“稍微……”。如：Thistaskisslightlymoredifficultthanthatone.这个任务比那个任务稍微难一点。2.用much,far,considerably,alot,agreatdeal,agooddeal等表示比较的两者差别程度很大，即“……得多”。如：Ourcorporationprovidesalotmoreopportunitiesforwellqualifiedstaff.我们公司为高素质的员工提供了更多的晋升机会。3.用even,still,yet等表示比较的一方已达到某种程度，另一方较之更甚。如：Herpreviouscompositionwasnotwellwrittenandthisoneisstillworse.她的前一篇作文写得不好，这一篇更糟糕。4.用...times/percent/inches/meters/years/kilograms等具体的数量单位来表示两者相差的程度。如：Thisyear’scottonoutputisthreetimesgreaterthanthatoflastyear.今年的棉产量是去年的三倍/比去年多两倍。Thenumberoftouriststravelingabroadthisyearistwiceasmanyaslastyear.今年出国游的客人是去年的两倍。七、应试指导形容词中比较级的用法是较难掌握的一项。在一般考试中，这一类考题经常会出现，主要有以下三个考点：1．当表语中比较两个形容词而使用more...than...结构连接时，其含义为“与其说……不如说……”。如：Thelittlegirlismoreshythantimid.那小姑娘与其说是胆怯，不如说是害羞。能表达同样含义的还有notsomuch...as...。如：Thefunctionofaschoolisnotsomuchtoteachyouthingsastoteachyoutheartof

learning.学校的功能与其说是教你知识，不如说是教你学习的方法和技巧。2．no+比较级+than和not+比较级+than的比较。试比较下面两个句子：JohnisnotbetterthanTom.约翰不比汤姆好。JohnisnobetterthanTom.约翰比汤姆好不到哪里去（约翰和汤姆一样糟糕）。3．特殊的比较结构：superiorto（优于）和inferiorto（次于）。如：Thismachineis_______theotheroneintheworkshop.A.superiortoB.moresuperiorthanC.moresuperiortoD.superiorthan本题的答案应为A。ExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.1.Afterthenewmachinewasapplied,thefactoryproduced___________tools.

A.astwicemany

B.asmanytwice

C.twiceasmany

D.twicemany2.Mikewasso__________thathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopen.

A.sleeping

B.sleepy

C.sleepless

D.asleep3.ThemoreIlearnEnglish,___________Ifeelitis.

A.theinteresting

B.themoreinteresting

C.moreinteresting

D.moreinterestedExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.4.Pricesofallgoodsinthisshoparemuch___________thanthoseinthatone.

A.moreexpensive

B.higher

C.expensive

D.high5.Inordertopreventusfrombeinginfected,wemustkeepthewindows__________.

A.open

B.openly

C.openness

D.opened6.Thetwocountriesexpressedtheirwilltofurthertheir___________relations.

A.friend

B.friends

C.friendless

D.friendly7.Westronglybelievethateveryoneinthecountrymustbeinformedofthe___________developmentsofthedisease.

A.late

B.later

C.last

D.latestExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.8.Aftercarefulexamination,thedoctorsaiditwas___________.

A.anythingserious

B.nothingserious

C.seriousanything

D.seriousnothing9.Onecanbe___________withoutbeing___________.

A.lonely...alone

B.alone...lonely

C.lonely...lonely

D.alone...alone10.Thisisthepictureofthe___________bridge.

A.newbuilding

B.newbuilt

C.newlybuilding

D.newlybuiltExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.11.Television,pressandtheInternetare____________ofconveyingnewsandinformation.

A.themostthreecommonmeans

B.themostcommonthreemeans

C.thethreemostcommonmeans

D.threethemostcommonmeans12.Ournewproductoccupiesa_________placeintheinternationalmarket.

A.mostunique

B.unique

C.leastunique

D.veryunique13.Vegetablesare_________whentheyarefresh.

A.atthebest

B.atthebetter

C.attheirbest

D.attheirbetterExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.14._________arelosingtheirhopetothegovernment.

A.Theunemployed

B.Theemployed

C.Theunemployment

D.Theemployment15.Shehasboughtherself_________dress.

A.acottonpurpleexpensive

B.anexpensivepurplecotton

C.apurpleexpensivecotton

D.acottonexpensivepurpleExercisesⅡ.Puteachadjectivegiveninbracketsintherightplaceineachsentence.1.IsthereanypersonwhocanspeakFrench?(present)___________________________________________________________________2.Theyaretryingtohelpthenewemployeeineveryway.(possible)___________________________________________________________________3.Theauthoritieshavepaidattentiontothismatter.(concerned)___________________________________________________________________4.Amanwiththesubjectcanquicklycatchthemainideaofthelecture.(familiar)___________________________________________________________________5.Itisnecessarytohaveatalkwiththepeople.(involved)___________________________________________________________________IsthereanypersonpresentwhocanspeakFrench?Theyaretryingtohelpthenewemployeeineverypossibleway/waypossible.Theauthoritiesconcernedhavepaidattentiontothismatter.Amanfamiliarwiththesubjectcanquicklycatchthemainideaofthelecture.Itisnecessarytohaveatalkwiththepeopleinvolved.ExercisesⅢ.Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.Model:I’msurethathewillsucceed.→I’msureofhissuccess.1.Heisproudthatheisamemberofthisorganization.___________________________________________________________________2.I’mafraidthatthegoodsaredeliveredlate.___________________________________________________________________3.Wearedoubtfulthathewillcomeaspromised.___________________________________________________________________4.I’mgladthatheintendstovisitourfactory.___________________________________________________________________5.I’mfortunatethatIgetthedesiredjob.___________________________________________________________________Heisproudofbeingamemberofthisorganization.I’mafraidofthelatedeliveryofthegoods.Wearedoubtfulabouthiscomingaspromised.I’mgladofhisintentiontovisitourfactory.I’mfortunateingettingthedesiredjob.ExercisesⅣ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.Thedutyofadoctoristohealthewoundedandrescuethedying.___________________________________________________________________2.Mostcuriousofall,thefactoryhasnoqualityinspection.___________________________________________________________________3.Theplanturnedoutbetterthanwehadexpected.___________________________________________________________________4.Thepresentcrisisismoreeconomicthanpolitical._____________________________