世纪英语教程 20

第八章

动词动词是用来说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”的。动词通常在句子中作谓语，有人称和时态的变化。按其性质，动词可分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。种类语法意义例句实义动词表示动作或状态，在句中独立作谓语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后须有宾语，不及物动词后无宾语。Heaskedaquestion.Sherunsfast.系动词本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成(复合)谓语。常见的有be动词,look,become,get,turn等。Sheispretty.Itlooksnice.助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。用来表示否定、疑问、时态等其他语法形式。常见的有be动词，do，have。Shedoesn’tlikehim.Doyouhaveadog?Ihaveseenthefilm.情态动词本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。常用来表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。常见的有can,must,may,need,will,should等。Youcandancewellnow.MayIcomein?Theworkmustbedone.Weshouldstudyhard.一、及物动词与不及物动词根据动词在句子中是否需要宾语，可将动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词需要接宾语，而不及物动词则不接宾语。如：Thepeopleoftheworldlovepeace.（及物动词）世界人民热爱和平。Weshouldforgeaheadwithenterpriseandfortitude.(不及物动词)我们应该踔厉奋发、勇毅前行。许多动词既可以用作及物动词，又可以用作不及物动词。如：Boysflykites.（及物动词）男孩们放风筝。Birdscanfly.（不及物动词）鸟会飞。二、使役动词英语中有一类动词可以表示“使”“让”等意思，如have,make,get,let,leave,keep,set等。如：Theykeptmeinformedofthenews.他们让我知道了这个消息。Letusalljoinforcestomeetalltypesofglobalchallenges.(FromReporttothe20thNational

CongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina)让我们共同应对各种全球性挑战。（选自党的二十大报告）Idon’twanttogetyouconnectedwiththis.我不想让你和这事有牵连。Thebossmadetheemployeesworklonghours.那个老板逼着员工们长时间地干活。Hisactionsmadehimuniversallyrespected.他的行为使他受到大家的尊敬。二、使役动词在这类动词中，应当特别注意由have构成的下列结构：1.have+宾语+过去分词，多用havesth.done“havesth.done”表示两种意义：一为“让他人做某事”，二为“遭遇（主语是动作的受害者）”。前者可以用get代替。如：Ireallymusthavemywatchrepaired.我的确得把表拿去修了。Wehaveourhousedecoratedeveryyear.我们每年都装修房子。WemusthavethisworkfinishedbyMonday.我们一定要在星期一以前完成这项工作。Wehaveyourmedicineprepared.我们已把你的药给准备好了。二、使役动词2.have+人称宾语+不带to的不定式，即havesb.do(sth.)此结构表示的意义是“让某人去做（某事）”。如：Havethenextpatientcomeinnowplease,nurse.护士，现在请让下一位患者进来。Hewantedajobtodo,soIhadhimpaintthekitchen.他想干活，所以我让他粉刷厨房。3.have+宾语+-ing，即havesb./sth.doing此结构表示“使某人或某物一直处于某种状态中”，强调动作的延续性。如：Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.他使我们在吃饭过程中自始至终笑个不停。三、感官动词感官动词主要指feel,taste,look,sound,smell,see,hear等表示感觉的动词。如：IseeTomoverthere.我看见汤姆在那边。感官动词taste,smell,feel作系动词时不可用于进行体，而作及物动词时可用于进行体。如：Thesouptastesgood.这汤味道不错。Heistastingthesoup.他在品尝这汤。Theflowerssmellverysweet.花儿闻起来很香甜。Heissmellingtheflowers.他在闻花。四、瞬间动词该类动词表示的是极其短暂的动作，常见的瞬间动词有beat,jump,kick,knock,nod,shake,hit等。1.瞬间动词不适用于表示延续意义的完成时，即“表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作”不能用瞬间动词来表示。如：他参军已经有十年了。不可说：Hehasjoinedthearmyfortenyears.应该说：Itistenyearssincehejoinedthearmy.2.瞬间动词用于进行时，可以表示该动作的重复。如：Hewasnodding.他连连点头。Theboyisjumpingwithjoy.那男孩高兴得在跳呢。五、延续动词该类动词可以表示动作的延续性，常见的有drink,eat,hate,hope,fly,lie,live,move,snow,study,talk,travel,read,run,think等。1.延续动词一般不适用于进行时，但意思转变时，有的就可以使用了。如：Heisthinkingabouttheproblem.他正在考虑这个问题。2.当现在完成时表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作时，常用延续动词来表示，并且一般要跟一个表示一段时间的状语。如：Thiscompanyhasproducedcomputersformanyyears.多年来这家公司一直生产电脑。TheChinesegovernmenthasalwaysadvocated“people-oriented”concept.中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的理念。六、应试指导1.及物动词与不及物动词是一个考点。主要应注意哪些词是及物动词，哪些词是不及物动词。要特别注意有些及物动词与不及物动词由于词义接近，容易引起误用。如：Acompletelynewsituationwill________whentheexaminationsystemcomesintoexistence.A.ariseB.riseC.raiseD.arouseA为正确选项。2.还应当注意不及物动词没有被动语态。如：Ourlettersare________everymorningat8o’clock.A.arrivedB.delayedC.deliveredD.restoredC为正确选项。六、应试指导3.使役动词have构成的三个结构应当予以重视。如：Themanagerpromisedtohavemycomplaint________(lookinto).答案：lookedinto4.感官动词作系动词时不能用于进行体。5.瞬间动词不能表示延续的状态。6.延续动词一般不适用于进行时。此外，延续动词的现在完成时形式可以表示“从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作”。ExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.1.Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers___________amatch

withoutastandardcourt.A.objectedhaving

B.objectedtohaveC.objectedtohaving

D.wereobjectedtohave2.I’mnotgoingtohaveyou____________thissortofbusiness.A.mixedupwith

B.mixupwithC.mixingupwith

D.tomixupwith3.Thebluebuildingiswheretheworkersliveandthegrayoneiswherecars___________.A.produce

B.areproducingC.beingproduced

D.areproducedExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.4.He___________foralmostthreedays.A.hasbeenback

B.hascomebackC.hasbeingback

D.cameback5.Theconference___________fivedays.A.islasting

B.hasbeenlastingC.haslasted

D.hadbeinglasted6.I___________whatheissaying.A.canhear

B.amhearingC.heard

D.washearingExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.7.Thecompany___________ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.A.promises

B.promisedC.hasbeenpromising

D.beingpromised8.He____________theworkuntilverylate.A.finished

B.didn’tfinishC.hasfinished

D.hasn’tfinished9.Thebossinthatfactoryoftenhashisemployees____________overtime.A.towork

B.working

C.worked

D.work10.Operationswhichonceleftpatients___________andinneedoflongperiodsof

recoverynowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.A.exhaust

B.exhausted

C.exhausting

D.toexhaustExercisesⅡ.Fillineachblankwiththeproperformgiven.Changetheformwherenecessary1.rise,raise,arise,arouse

A.Manyproblems___________asaresultoftheuseofanewfuel.

B.Theyhelpedusto____________the200,000yuanfundfortheschoolbuildings.

C.Itmay____________herinterestinthesesubjects.

D.Timespentforpreparation____________thequalityoftraining.

E.Asthesalesincreasetheprofit____________inproportion.aroseraisearouseraiseswillriseExercisesⅡ.Fillineachblankwiththeproperformgiven.Changetheformwherenecessary2.lie,lay

A.Ipromisenever____________toyoufromnowon.

B.Heshowedushow____________outaprintedpage.

C.Thefundamentalwayout____________inreformandopenness.

D.Themachinerywas____________idlebecauseofthestrike.

E.Manyworkmen____________offduringabusinessdepression.tolietolaylieslyingwerelaidExercisesⅢ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontothedifferent

meaningsofthesameverbineachgroup.1.A.Motheristastingthesoup.___________________________________________________________________B.Thesouptastesdelicious.___________________________________________________________________2.A.Heisthinkingabouttheproblem.___________________________________________________________________B.Ithinkthisisastupididea.___________________________________________________________________3.A.Thetailorismeasuringhiscustomer.___________________________________________________________________B.Thecustomer’swaistmeasures90centimeters.