Unit1 Science and Scientists【单元测试】原题版

Unit1ScienceandScientists

单元试卷

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

SchoolSpiritisinthebag!

NowyoucandesignyourownTaftTigerbagsandbackpacks.

Whafsinyourbag?

Schoolbooks,homework,andgymclothesarcjustafewofthemanyitemsthatsuccessfulstudentsat

TaftMiddleSchoolcarryaroundeveryday.Therightbagorbackpackcanhelpyougetorganized.Carryyour

schoolequipmentwithstyleandshowyourTigerPridewithoneofthesestrongSCHOOLSPIRITTOGO

bags.

Whichbagdoyouneed?

Backpack:$20

•Madewithstrongmaterialsandzippers

•Comfortable,paddedshoulderstraps（软垫肩带）

•Twolargecompartmentsfcrbooksandnotebooks

•Smallzipperedbagfbrpens,pencils,calculatorsandmore

Dufflebag:$15

•Perfectfbrholdinggymclothes,shoes,andtowels

•Largeenoughtoholduptothreebasketballs

•Removableshoulderstrapsandshorthandles

Totebag:$1（）

•Idealfbrlightloads

•Useittocarryasweaterandsnacksfbrafieldtrip

•Takeittothelibrarytocarrybooksandresearchmaterials

Satisfactionguaranteed

ThesebagsareagreatbargainandSCHOOLSPIRITTOGOguaranteestheirquality.Ifthebaghasa

defect（缺陷）,simplyreturnitwithin30daysofreceiptforanexchangeofequalvalueorafullrefund（退款）.

Howtoorderyourbag

AllordersmustbeplacedinpersonandduringtheweekofSeptember26-30only.

•VisittheSCHOOLSPIRITTOGOrepresentativesinthecafeteriaSeptember26-30toseesamplesof

hags.

•Completetheorderform.Besuretowritedownyourfirst-periodteacher'snameontheform.

•Handinyourpaymentwiththeorderformtotherepresentatives.

Thebagswillbedeliveredtotheschoolinthreeweeks.First-periodteacherswillgiveout（hebagsto

studentswhoplacedorders.

I.ComparedwithTotebags,Dufllebags.

A.arealittlecheaperB.havesmallbagsfortinyitems

C.canhavetheirshoulderstrapstakenoffD.aresuitablelobecarriedtothelibrary

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthesaleofthebags?

A.IlisheldbyTaftMiddleSchool.

R.ItisaimedatTaftMiddleSchoolstudent«%.

C.Itallowsstudentstoreturnbagswithoutreasons.

D.Itincludesofferingfreegymclothestostudents.

3.Whatisonerequirementforstudentswhoorderthebags?

A.Goingtoagivenplacetogetthebags.

B.Givingpaymentstotheirfirst-periodteachers.

C.Includingtherepresentatives'namesontheforms.

D.PlacingtheordersduringthelastdaysofSeptember.

Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.Twelvewomen

havewontheNebelPrizeforScience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomen

scientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.It

hasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.

Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAimingbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforher

discoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils（化右）intheirvillage

onthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksfbr

millionsofyears.

Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecame（hefirstpersontofind（healmostcomplete

skeletons（骨架）ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousfbrher

discoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogelmoneylosupportherfamily.

In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.Shedidso

becauseshecouklnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.Shebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamed

PierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.Theyreceivedthe

NobelPrizefbrPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobe

awardedasecondNoblePrizein1911,thistimefbrChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthe

timewhobecamefamousasascieniist.

4.Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists.

A.havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful

B.cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld

C.gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessful

D.hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies

5.MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.

A.wintheNoblePrizeforScienceaftergettingmarried

B.makeachievementsinthestudyofancientearth

C.researchanimalsand（heirbones

D.studythemysteryofallkindsofplants

6.WhatcanwelearnaboutMareSklodowska?

A.ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.

B.ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.

C.SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.

D.Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.

7.Whal'sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Ancientdiscoveries.B.Womenscientists.

B.Successfulmarriages.D.Differentprizes.

C

Don,talwaysbelievewhatscientistsandotherauthoritiestellyou!Beskeptical!Thinkcritically!That's

whatItellmystudents.Earlyinmycareer,Iwasaconventionalsciencewriter,easilyimpressedbyscientists*

claims.Butdoubtgraduallyweakenedmyfaith.Scientistsandjournalists,Irealized,bycontinuouslyboasting

scientific“advances”-fromtheoriesofcosmic（宇宙的）creationandtheoriginoflifetothelatesttreatments

fordepressionandcancer,madescienceseemmorepowerfulandfast-movingthanitreallyis.Now,Iurge

mystudentstodoubttheclaimsofsomescientists.Thisisn'tscienceanymore;Ideclareinclass,it'sonly

sciencefictionwithequations!Tcdrivethispointhome,IassignarticlesbyJohnloannidis,anepidemiologist

whohasexposedtheweaknessofmostpeer-reviewedresearch.Ina2005study,heconcludedthat”most

publishedresearchfindingsarcfalse?'

Sohowdomystudentsrespondtomyskepricnlteaching?Somereactwithhealthypnshhack,especially

tDmysuggestionthattheeraofreallybigscientificdiscoveriesmightbeover.“Onascalefromtoddler

knowledgetoultimateenlightenment,man'sunderstandingoftheuniversecouldbeanywhere,5,wrotea

studentnamedMatt."Howcanapersonsaywithcertaintythateverythingisknownorclosetobeingknown

ifitisincomparabletoanything?5*

Otherstudentsembraceskepticismtoadegreethatshocksme.Cecelia,abiomedical-engineeringmajor,

wrote:"Iamskepticalofthemethodsusedtocollectdataonclimatechange,theanalysisofthisdata,andthe

predictionsmadebasedonthisdata."Pondering（思索）thelessonthatcorrelationdoesnotequalcausation,

Stevequestionedthefoundationsofscientificreasoning.*ilowdoweknowthereisacausefbranything?^^he

asked.

Inasimilarway,somestudentsechoedtheclaimofradical（激进的）postmoderniststhatwecannever

reallyknowanythingfbrcertain,andhencethatalmostallourcurrenttheorieswillprobablybeoverturned.

JustasAristotle'sphysicsgavewaytoNewton's,whichinturnyieldedtoEinstein's,soourcurrenttheoriesof

physicswillsurelybereplacedbycompletelydifferentones.

Afteroneespeciallyharshpaper,Iresponded,<4Whoa!,,Science,Ilecturedsternly,hasestablishedmany

factsaboutrealitybeyondareascnabledoubt,embodiedbyquantummechanics,generalrelativity,thetheory

ofevolution,thegeneticcode.Thisknowledgehasyieldedapplications-fromvaccinestocomputer

chips—thathavetransformedourworldincountlessways.Itispreciselybecausescienceissuchapowerful

modeofknowledge,Isaid,thatyoumusttreatnewpronouncementsskeptically,carefullydistinguishingthe

genuinefromthefalse.Butyoushouldn'tbesoskepticalthatyoudenythepossibilityofachievingany

knowledgeatall.

Mystudentslistenedpolitely,butIcouldseethedoubtintheireyes.Weprofessorshaveadutytoteach

ourstudentstobeskeptical.But\vcalsohavetoacceptthat,ifwcdoourjobswell,theirskepticismmayturn

onus.

8.Whywastheauthor'sfaithinscienceweakened?

A.Becausesomeessaysfromhispeerscholarscaststrongdoubtonscience.

B.Becausescientistsoftenpresentedanoverlyoptimisticpictureofscience.

C.Becausehewastiredofreacingtoomuchsciencefictionwithequations.

D.Becauseanacademicfigureclaimedthatmostpublishedresearchfindingswerefalse.

9.Whichofthefollowingresponsestotheauthor'sskepticalteaching?

A.Somedoubtedhissuggestionofthelimitationofscientificdiscoveries.

B.Somequestionedthewayofdatacollectingandscientificreasoning.

C.Somelaunchedharshcriticismagainsttheauthor'sadvocacyofskepticism.

D.Someclaimedtherewasnocertaintyfbranyestablishedtheory.

10.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisstudents'responses?

A.Heconsideredthemasadisplayoftheircreativity.

B.Heviewedthemamustinorder（ounderstandthespiritofscience.

C.Hetreatedthemasanextremeapplicationofskepticism.

D.Heregardedthemasakindofrespectpaidbystudentstotheirteacher.

11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthisarticle?

A.WhenTeachingCriticalThinkingBackfires

B.SkepticismMakesTeachingMoreFun

C.NoDoubt,NoScience

D.StudentsTurnOutBetterThanTeacherasNOToneofthestudents

C

Theseaishome（obillionsofplantsandanimals.Manyliveonlynear（hesunlitsurface.Oceanographers

classifymarinelivingbeingsbyseparatingthemintotwomaingroups：plantsandanimals.

Therearetwogeneraltypesofplantsfoundin（heocean,thosehavingrootsthatareattachedtotheocean

bottomandthosenothavingrootswhichsimplydriftaboutwiththewater.Therootedplantsintheoceanare

onlyfoundinshallowwaterbecausethereisnotenoughsunlighttosustainphotosynthesis（光合作用）in

deeperwaters.Sincesunlightdocsnotpassmorethanafewhundredfeetintotheocean,mostoftheoceanis

notcapableofsupportingrootedplants.

Themostplentyplantsintheoceanareknownasphyloplankton（浮游生物）.Theseareusually

single-celled,minutefloatingplantsthatdriftthroughoutthesurfacewatersoftheocean.Togrow,

phytoplanktonneednutrientsfromtheseawaterandlotsofsunlight.

Marineanimalsarcdividedintothreegroups：zooplankton,nekton,andbenthos.Zooplanktonarc

driftinganimalsandareusuallysmall,however,theycangrowtofairlylargesize.Forexample,thejellyfish

andthePortugueseman-of-warareexamplesoflargertypesofzooplanktonwhichareunabletopropel（推进）

themselveseffectively.

Nektonarethefreeswimmersandprobablythelargestportionoffamiliaranimalsfoundintheocean

belongtothisclass.Commonfishes,theoctopus,whales,eelsandsquidareallexamplesofnekton.

Thethirdtypeofseaanimalsspendsitsentirelifeonorintheoceanbottom.Thisgroupofmarine

animalsiscalledthebenthos.Someofthesecreatures,suchaslobstersandsnails,maybeabletomoveabout

onthebottombuttheirlifestyleissoboundupwiththeoceanfloorthattheyarcunabletosurviveawayfrom

thisenvironment.

12.Thetextmainlytellsussomethingabout.

A.marineplantsandmarineanimals

B.twotypesofseaplants

C.threekindsofseaanimals

D.smallandbiganimalsintheocean

13.Whycan'twcfindtherootedplantsindeepwaterof【heocean?

A.Becausetherearetoomanyrocksatthebottomoftheocean.

B.Becausetherootedplantscan'tstandthecoldnessoftheocean.

C.Becausethereisnotenoughsunlightforthemindeepwaler.

D.Becausetherootedplantsneedmoresunlightthanplantswhichhavenoroots.

14.Oneofthecharacteristicsofzooplanktonisthat.

A.（heyaresmallandnevergrowtolargesize

B.someofthezooplanktoncan'tswimeffectively

C.theycanswimfreelyindeepwateroftheocean

D.theyneedmoresunlightthanotheranimalsintheocean

15.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanconclude（hat.

A.benthosliveonthesurfaceoftheoceanwater

B.someofthebenthoscantlivewithouttheoceanfloor

C.benthosspendmostof（heirtimeswimmingintheocean

D.benthoscanmoveaboutinthemiddleoftheseawater

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

HowtoWorkFromHome

Asmorecompaniesacrossnearlyeveryindustryaccommodateanincreasingnumberofemployees

wishingtoforego（摒弃）thenamingcommuteandofficepantryfootfall,remoteworkhasbecomean

increasinglyeasyandbreathlesslypracticaloplionformanywhoseekit.___1___.

___2___.【t'saculmination（巅峰）ofwhatTvelearnedalongtheway.

Don'tsleepwhereyouwork.Whetheril'sarentedofficespaceoradenconverted（转换）intoahome

officeoracabininthewoodsforthatmatter,findaspaceawayfromyourbedroomtowork.

___3___.”Havingaconsistentscheduleandbeingkindofstrictaboutitisreallyusefulfordrawing

outlinesaroundyourtimesothatyoucankeepthingsbalancedforbothworkandplay,“saidJacquiCheng,

editorinchiefofWirecutter,andsomeonewho'sworkedfromhomefulltimefbrover12years.

Planagainstdistractions.___4___Youcanexplaintoyourfamilymembersorchildrenthatyourwork

areaisofflimits,andtheyshouldavoidinterruptingunlessit'simportant.

Tryingtomixworkandfreetimerunsthedangerofneverquitepoweringdownorshuttingoff._5___.

Besides,yourfriendsandfamilymissoutonthetimeyouwouldspendwiththemifyouworkedinanoffice

insteadofathome.Makesuretoenforceyourboundaries.

A.Getintoyourgroove.

B.Setboundariesifyou'reworkingathome.

C.Hereisamodestguidetobecomingasuccessfulremoteemployee

D.Icancomfortablyandproductivelycontributeasolidday'sworkfromalmostanywhere.

E.Anditcanleadtoburnoutanddepressionfromfeelinglikeyou'realwaysonandavailable.

F.Therearemanythingsthatcomributetobecomingasuccessfulwork-from-homeemployee.

G.Closeyourworkchatprogramsandemailsandconsideryourse'f*'outfbrtheday,"and"homenow.”

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Itallbeganwhen1movedtoDallasinthefourthgrade.I41thatIwasbehindinmyreadingat

SaintMichael'sSchool.Readingoutloud,Ihaddifficultywithhalfthe42.Myteacher,Mrs.Agnew,

saidmyreadingcomprehensionandabilityto43wordswasatalowerlevelthanotherfourthgraders.

ShesuggestedthatIbetestedfordyslexia（阅读障碍）.Thetestmademefeeluncomfortable,andIwas44

toanswerthequestions,infearoffacing（he45

ThetestresultsshowedthatIhaddevelopmentaldyslexia.AtfirstIfeltdiscouragedbythisdiagnosis（诊

断），46eventually,Ibecamedeterminedto47mydisability.Igottutorsandspeechtherapy.I

wouldreaddifficultbooks,hopingto48theconfidenceIhadinmyself.

Ihadfinallyovercomemyleaningdisability.Buteventhoughihadconquered（征服）oneofthebiggest

49inmylife,Istillfeltlikesomethingwasmissing.

Themissinglinkwas50whenIwalkeddownthehallsofthehospitalasa51,thesame

hospitalwhereIhadoncesat,nenousandconfused.BecauseIfeltsoluckytohavegotsomuchhelpfrom

thisfacility,Iwantedto52byhelpingpatientshere.

Onedayalittlegirlinawheelchairaskedmetoreadabooktoher.Ireadthebookvery53sothat

shecouldunderstandthestory.WhenIleft,thegirlthankedmefbrreadingtoher.EightyearsagoIwould

have54toreadabooktothislittlegirl,butnowIwas55.Ihadovercomemydisabilityandwas

helpingotherstoovercometheirs.

41.A.declaredB.assumedC.recommendedD.noticed

42.A.sentencesB.lecturesC.dictionariesD.chances

43.A.chooseB.exchangeC.pronounceD.write

44.A.motivatedB.scaredC.confusedD.disappointed

45.A.threatB.riskC.trickD.failure

46.A.butB.soC.orD.unless

47.A.denyB.loseC.overcomeD.hide

48.A.shakeB.shareC.expressD.increase

49.A.challengesB.secretsC.decisionsD.mistakes

50.A.mentionedB.filledC.recommendedD.assessed

51.A.relativeB.visitorC.volunteerD.patient

52.A.turnawayB.cutinC.holdonD.giveback

53.A.properlyB.sincerelyC.slowlyD.softly

54.A.daredB.hesitatedC.attemptedD.happened

55.A.confidentB.independentC.carefulD.grateful

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入I个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousscientist.Whenhe](ask)whyhewasabletosucceed,he

gavetheanswer.Itallcamefromanexperiencewith2motherwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold."1was

tryingtogetabottleofmilkfromthefridgewhenIlostthebottleanditfell,spilling(溢出)themilkallover

thefloor-aseaofmilk!Igot3(frighten)andIdidn'tknowwhattodo!”hesaid.

Insteadof4(punish)him,hismotheraskedhimtoplayinthemilkforawhile.Thenshesaid,

“Youknow,wefailedinhowto5(successful)carryabigmilkbottlewithtwotiny6(hand)just

now.Let'sgooutintheyardandfillthebottle7watertosee:fyoucandiscoverawaytocarrzit.^^

Thisfamousscientistthenremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthathe8(know)hedidn'tneedto

beafraidtomakemistakes9wereactuall