初升高英语衔接讲义：分词

在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中分词考点聚焦】3．Withtheweatherbad4．Theoldtemplebyworkersnowwillbecomeapopul5．Therearesomestud6．ThebookbyMoY9．Cleaningwomeninbi【高中分词考点聚焦】—Q课标解读—Q考点清单beingwritten完成式haviTheywenttothepark,singingandHavingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词TheproblembeingdiscussedisveryimHavingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemis2、过去分词的形式done）A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词√√√√√√√√√√××√√√√Wherearethereservedseats?（=WherearetheseaThisisapressingproblem.（=ThisisaproThefundsraised（=whichhavebeenraised）aremainlyusedforhelpingthehTherearemanystudentswaiting（=whoarewaiting）Theflower-carryinggirlmustbewaitingforThenewly-builtbuildingisourofficebThefilmdescribesthestoryaboutthepolicewhopur比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其Whentheyheardtheexcitingnews,theygotexcited.Thentheexcitedpeopleshoutedloudlyandcheered2.分词作宾语补足语Whentheyreturnedhomefromtheholiday，WewantthisworkfinishedquicTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke，hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyan3.分词作状语Confinedtobed（=Becauseshewasconfinedtobed），sheneededtoHavingonlybookknowledge（=Ifyouonlyhavebookknowledge），youwillnotbeabletoworkwell.Theystoodtherewaitingforthebus.（=Theystoodthereandwaie.g.Havingwateredthegarden,hebegantomowtRidinginthestreetduringtherushhours,youmustbecareful.(分词动作和谓语动作e.g.Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyoue.g.Givenmoretime,Iwouldbeablee.g.HavinglivedinCanadaforthreeyears,e.g.Iwenthome,findinge.g.Hecamerunningbreathlessandtoldmethe2）现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果Workinghard（Ifyouworkhard），youwillsucceed.Defeated（=Thoughhewasdefeated），heremainedapopularTheprojectfinished,theyhadatwoweeksHebeingabsent,nothingcouldbeTheysattheresilently,（with）theWithhimhelpingme,I过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain,sound,feel等系动词之后；“get+过例1：Thoughhewasanewman,hegotaccustome例2：Tomsoundsveryinterestedinthejob,butI'mnotbe+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于retired退休的risen升起来的部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语beequipped/furnishedwith被配备……becaught/trapped/stuckin被困belocated/situatedin坐落在……beloaded/burdenedwith担负着……befacedwith面临着……bedevoted/committedtodoing致力于做例：Absorbedinreading,Tomdidn’tevennoticehismo1．You’dbettergettheca2．(face)with3．Theman(appoint)asthenew4．(frighten)byt5．Thoughtimeislimited,IthinkI’l6．(encourage)byhisteacher,heworkedharderthanbefore.(9．Icouldhearhimconstantly12．Hisdesignenablessmoother18．Beingcarelesswithsmal19．Those(devote)themselvestopub20．Chinesepeoplegivehighregardtocalligraph21．Thecarelessdrivaccidentwithapedestrianwhowascrossinglegally.(根据24．ThevaluableChinesevase(属于)mygrandmo25．Exhaustedfromthed26．I’msorrytomakeyou27．Therearesomecitizens29．Theplace(被……30．Heraisedhisvoicetomak三、语篇填空（分词专练）1(see)fromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbetheircomingholiday.3(inspire)byhisteacher’swords,Tommakesuphismindtoimprovehisweaksubjenoticedabrokenbike9(lionghistory.Itismadeupoffourrdifferences,suchasdifferentlegal4groupsofpeople,whohad5greatinfluenceonthecultureofthiscountryinmanyways.ForexamplRomans,6cameinthefirstcentury,builtm7(introduce)thebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.TheVikingsleftbehindthenamesofmanylocationsandtheNormanshadcastles8(build)allaroundEngland.Ifyouhaveknownthehithiscountry,youwillnot9(confuse)bywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Studyingthehistcountrywillmakeyourvisitmuch10(enjoyable).Ihavealwaysbeenindecisiveandscaredofwastingmoney.Whenitcametotravforsomeonetotellmewheretogo,goingbeforeI’devenleftmyhoThenitstruckmethat,intryingtoplantheperfectday,Ihadforgottenwhatmakestheseexperiencesjnhftravelling.Withoutrealising,I’dturnedtravellingintoworSo,ayearago,Imadeachange.IbannedmyselffromreadingBarcelona.Instead,IchoseanareaIwantedtowhichmeantnoGoogleMaps,noTripadvisor,andnoTikToItwasn’teasyatfirst.IfeltabitlostwithoutmyphonewhilewanderingthroughunknownButthat’sexactlywhyit’ssofun.Goinginudirections,Inoticedmoreofmysurroundings.IwanderedintomuseumsI’dneverheardofandexploredTravellingwithoutplanninghasmadememorecomperfectholidayisnolongerthepoint;it’saboutlivinginthepresentandmakinC．Hewantedtospendle在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中分词考点聚焦】【答案】C【详解】句意：当我经过客厅时，我看见我的seesb.doingsth.表示看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进全过程。根据“WhenIpassedthelivingroom”可知，此处指经过时看见动作正在发生，应用现在分词作宾语【答案】B3．Withtheweatherbad【答案】B考查with的复合结构。分析句子可知，此处4．Theoldtemplebyworkersnowwillbecomeapopul【答案】B5．Therearesomestud【答案】B6．ThebookbyMoY【答案】C主语Thebook与动词write之间是被动关系，需用过去分【答案】B【答案】D考查非谓语动词。根据句意，此处表示“穿红衣服的”，需用非谓语动词修饰“thegirl”，且9．Cleaningwomeninbi【答案】C表语，相当于be+动词过去分词，这里指的是获得酬劳、别人支付给【答案】B考查动词非谓语形式。includes包括，第三人称单数；i介词；include包括，动词原形。根据“Therearemanydifferentkindsofanimalsinthezoo”可知，“长颈鹿”是【高中分词考点聚焦】—Q课标解读—Q考点清单beingwritten完成式haviTheywenttothepark,singingandHavingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词TheproblembeingdiscussedisveryimHavingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemis2、过去分词的形式done）A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词√√√√√√√√√√××√√√√Wherearethereservedseats?（=WherearetheseaThisisapressingproblem.（=ThisisaproThefundsraised（=whichhavebeenraised）aremainlyusedforhelpingthehTherearemanystudentswaiting（=whoarewaiting）Theflower-carryinggirlmustbewaitingforThenewly-builtbuildingisourofficebThefilmdescribesthestoryaboutthepolicewhopur比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其Whentheyheardtheexcitingnews,theygotexcited.Thentheexcitedpeopleshoutedloudlyandcheered2.分词作宾语补足语Whentheyreturnedhomefromtheholiday，WewantthisworkfinishedquicTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke，hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyan3.分词作状语Confinedtobed（=Becauseshewasconfinedtobed），sheneededtoHavingonlybookknowledge（=Ifyouonlyhavebookknowledge），youwillnotbeabletoworkwell.Theystoodtherewaitingforthebus.（=Theystoodthereandwaie.g.Havingwateredthegarden,hebegantomowtRidinginthestreetduringtherushhours,youmustbecareful.(分词动作和谓语动作e.g.Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyoue.g.Givenmoretime,Iwouldbeablee.g.HavinglivedinCanadaforthreeyears,e.g.Iwenthome,findinge.g.Hecamerunningbreathlessandtoldmethe2）现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果Workinghard（Ifyouworkhard），youwillsucceed.Defeated（=Thoughhewasdefeated），heremainedapopularTheprojectfinished,theyhadatwoweeksHebeingabsent,nothingcouldbeTheysattheresilently,（with）theWithhimhelpingme,I过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain,sound,feel等系动词之后；“get+过例1：Thoughhewasanewman,hegotaccustome例2：Tomsoundsveryinterestedinthejob,butI'mnotbe+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于retired退休的risen升起来的部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语beequipped/furnishedwith被配befacedwith面临着……bedevoted/committedtodoing致力于做becaught/trapped/stuckin被困belocated/situatedin坐落在……beloaded/burdenedwith担负着……例：Absorbedinreading,Tomdidn’tevennoticehismo1．You’dbettergettheca【答案】charged2．(face)with【答案】Faced【详解】句意：面对诸多挑战，团队决定调整策略。此处为非谓语动词作状语，befacedwith意为“面对”，3．Theman(appoint)asthenew【答案】appointed【详解】句意：这位被任命为新任经理的男子将于下周一就职。此处为非谓语动词作定语，man与4．(frighten)byt【答案】Frightened5．Thoughtimeislimited,IthinkI’l【答案】finished6．(encourage)byhisteacher,heworkedharderthanbefore.(【答案】Encouraged【答案】burning【详解】句意：天气太冷了，他们让火整晚都燃烧着。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定结构keepsth.【答案】admitting9．Icouldhearhimconstantly【答案】complaining【详解】句意：我能听见他不停地抱怨隔壁吵闹的环境。此处为“hear+宾语+宾补”结构，complain与宾语【答案】Havingworked【详解】句意：团队奋战这个项目三天后，终于找到了解决方案。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，theteam和work为逻辑主谓关系，且work发生在found之前，需用现在分词的完成式havingworked，句首字母需【答案】leading【详解】句意：大雨下了三个小时，导致地势低洼地区爆发了严重的洪水。此处作结果状语，lead(导致)用12．Hisdesignenablessmoother【答案】reducing【详解】句意：他的设计能让物体在水中更顺畅地游动，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。此处为非谓语动词作状语，reduce与逻辑主语design为主动关系，所以使用现在分词reducing。【答案】Havingworked【详解】句意：汤姆从早上就一直在写作业，于是他决定看场电【答案】Nothavingreceived【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有收到回复，他决定再给他们发一封邮件。句中已有谓语动词r【答案】clapping是主动关系，且结合下文“whenIwaswaitingforthebus”可知，动作正在进行，应用现在分词clapping，表【答案】throwing【详解】句意：随意扔垃圾的人让整个社区都很头疼。根据句意可知，此处为非谓语作后置定语，修饰People，People与throw之间为主动关系，所以【答案】following18．Beingcarelesswithsmal【答案】resulting【详解】句意：对小事情不够细心往往会导致错误，从而引发不必要的麻烦和遗憾。此处在句中作结果状19．Those(devote)themselvestopub【答案】devoting【详解】句意：那些投身公益事业的人，值得我们给予最高赞誉。本句的谓语动词是deserve，因此空格处于某事，投身于某事”。Those和动词devote是主动关系，因此用现在分词devoting。20．Chinesepeoplegivehighregardtocalligraph【答案】originatingform，作后置定语；originate与anartform之21．Thecarelessdrivaccidentwithapedestrianwhowascrossinglegally.(根据【答案】runningaredlight【详解】句意：这名粗心的司机被拍到在繁忙的十字路口闯红灯，引发了一起险发事故，差点撞到正常合规过马路的行人。“闯红灯”用动词短语runaredlight，作主语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语driver【答案】lanternshanging【详解】句意：孩子们喜欢看到到处都挂着五颜六色的灯笼。根据汉语提示“灯笼”可知，此处为名词【答案】VisitingLondonatnight【详解】考查动词短语、介词短语和非谓语动词。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“参观伦敦”应为动词短语visitLondon；表示“在晚上”应为介词短语atnight；结合句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，visit和逻辑主语we为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填VisitingLondonat24．ThevaluableChinesevase(属于)mygrandmo【答案】belongingtoto。由于句子已有谓语wasbroken且belongto无被动形式，此空应是现在分词形式belongingto，作后置定25．Exhaustedfromthed【答案】dreamingof想做某事”可表示为dreamofdoingsth，本句谓语为fell，故设空处为非谓语动词，dream与逻辑主语he之26．I’msorrytomakeyou【答案】waitingformesoyou构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补；表示“这么长时间”用solong。故27．Therearesomecitizens【答案】standinginfrontof前面”用standinfrontof，citizens与stand为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填standinginfrontof。【答案】consideredimpossibleinthepast【详解】句意：众所周知，许多过去被认为不可能的事情如今都变得很平常。表示认为用动词“consider”，修饰名词things，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，不可能的用形容词“impossible”，作主语29．Theplace(被……【答案】surroundedby【详解】句意：被植物环绕的这个地方对我们的健康有益。“环绕，包围”用动词surround表示，根据汉语place。30．Heraisedhisvoicetomak【答案】himselfheardf三、语篇填空（分词专练）1(see)fromthetopofthehill,ourschoollooksbetheircomingholiday.3(inspire)byhisteacher’swords,Tommakesuphismindtoimprovehisweaksubjenoticedabrokenbike9(li【导读】短文围绕校园日常见闻展开，全面考查分词核心考点：现在分词作状语、定语、宾语补足语；过在分词作后置定语，修饰students，表示主动、正在进行，填3.Inspired原句译文：受到老师话语的鼓舞，汤姆下定决心补强薄弱学科。解析：主语Tom和inspire为被动关系“被鼓舞”，过去分词置于句首作原因状语4.finished原句译文：昨天finish是被动关系“作业被完成”，过去分词作宾语补足语，填5.exciting原句译文：这场比赛十分令人激动，所有选手都备受鼓舞。解析：exciting修饰事物game，theplayers，表“（人）感到受鼓舞的”，-ed分词多用来描述人的主观感受，填encourag在做某事，现在分词作宾补，强调动作正在发生，填8.Walking原句译文：沿着街道往前走时，我发现路边横着一辆坏掉的自行车。解析：主语I和walk是主动关系，“我行走”，现在分词作时间lie是主动关系，现在分词作宾补，表示状态，10.Tired原句译文：虽然日常学习很累，我仍旧坚持每晚锻炼身体。解析：betiredfrom为固定搭配onghistory.Itismadeupoffourrdifferences,suchasdifferentlegal4groupsofpeople,whohad5greatinfluenceonthecultureofthiscountryinmanyways.Forexample,theRomans,6cameinthefirstcentury,builtm7(introduce)thebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.TheVikingsleftbehindthenamesofmanylocationsandtheNormanshadcastles8(build)allaroundEngland.Ifyouhaveknownthehithiscountry,youwillnot9(confuse)bywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Studyingthehistcountrywillmakeyourvisitmuch10(enjoyabl【答案】【详解】1．考查介词。句意：英国也被称为不列颠或大不列颠。referto...as...为固定搭配，意为“把……称influenceon为固定搭配，意为“对…7．考查动词时态。句意：盎格鲁-撒克逊人引入了英语的起源。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据上下文语境，8．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺曼人在英格兰各地建造了城堡。havesth.done为固定结构，意为“使某物9．考查被动语态。句意：如果你了解了这个国家的历史和地理，你就不会被这些不同的名字搞糊enjoyable为多音节形容词，比较级为moreIhavealwaysbeenindecisiveandscaredofwastingmoney.Whenitcametotravforsomeonetotellmewheretogo,goingbeforeI’devenleftmyhoThenitstruckmethat,intryingtoplantheperfectday,Ihadforgottenwhatmakestheseexperiencesjtravelling.Withoutrealising,I’dturnedtravellingintoworSo,ayearago,Imadeachange.IbannedmyselffromreadingBarcelona.Instead